农药三氟羧草醚对小鼠肝脏和肾脏氧化损伤的研究

农药三氟羧草醚是一种原卟啉原氧化酶的抑制剂。为了探究三氟羧草醚对小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织的氧化损伤,将24只雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分成4组:1个生理盐水对照组和3个剂量水平为0.1 mg·kg~(-1)、5 mg·kg~(-1)、250 mg·kg~(-1)的三氟羧草醚染毒组,14d经口灌胃染毒。制备组织匀浆液并测定组织中细胞色素c(cyt-c)、活性氧(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)的含量。结果表明:三氟羧草醚剂量为250 mg·kg~(-1)时,肝脏和肾脏组织的脏器系数、ROS、MDA和8-OHdG的含量均有明显上升(P0.05);细胞色素c和GSH的含量有显著下降(P0.05);表明较高剂量(≥250 mg·kg~(-1))的三氟羧草醚能够降低肝脏和肾脏组织中细胞色素c的含量以及可造成小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织的氧化损伤。     

酵母源金属硫蛋白对急性汞中毒小鼠的排汞作用及对机体氧化损伤的修复

目的探讨酵母源金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)对急性汞中毒小鼠的排汞及对机体氧化损伤的修复作用。方法经颈部皮下注射氯化汞生理盐水溶液建立急性汞中毒小鼠模型。酵母源MT-1及MT-2的低、中、高剂量组(0.16、0.40、0.80 mg/kg bw)均于每日同一时间灌胃给药,连续给药14 d,同时设模型组(等体积生理盐水)、阳性对照组(DMPS,0.80 mg/kg bw)及正常组小鼠(等体积生理盐水)。末次灌胃给药后小鼠禁食12 h,测量小鼠体重,检测小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,机体总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)含量;同时测定血液、肝脏和肾脏中汞离子的含量。结果与正常组小鼠比较,模型组小鼠体重显著下降(P0.05);血清SOD、GSH-Px活力及T-AOC显著降低(P0.05),MDA含量及血液、肝脏、肾脏中汞离子含量显著上升(P0.05)。与模型组小鼠比较,除两种低剂量MT组外,其他剂量MT组小鼠体重均显著上升(P0.05);各MT组小鼠血清SOD、GSH-Px活力及T-AOC均明显升高(P0.05),MDA含量及血液、肝脏、肾脏中汞离子含量均明显降低(P0.05),且高剂量MT效果最佳。结论两种酵母源MT对急性汞中毒小鼠具有良好的排汞作用,并可修复机体的氧化损伤,且作用效果与给药剂量呈正相关。     

儿茶素没食子酸酯对糖尿病小鼠心肌氧化应激损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的探讨儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)对糖尿病小鼠心肌氧化应激损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法将链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病模型小鼠随机分为50、100、200 mg EGCG组和模型组,每组20只。EGCG组隔天经腹腔注射相应剂量的EGCG 1次,模型组注射100 mg/kg等量的生理盐水,共注射4周。给药4周后,检测各组小鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、血清活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平以及心肌组织Nrf2、NQO1、HO-1蛋白表达,计算心脏重量指数,观察心肌组织病理学变化。结果给药4周后,与模型组比较,各剂量EGCG组小鼠的FBG、心脏重量指数及血清MDA、ROS水平均明显降低(P0.05),血清SOD水平及心肌组织Nrf2、NQO1、HO-1蛋白的表达均明显升高(P0.05),且心肌组织病理形态均得到明显改善,其中100 mg EGCG组的变化幅度最大。结论 EGCG可改善糖尿病小鼠血清MDA、ROS和SOD水平,其作用机制可能与激活Nfr2通路有关。     

鱼腥草黄酮抗抑郁活性的研究

采用高浓度皮质酮处理pc12细胞以模拟抑郁症病人脑神经元损伤状态;采用MTT法评价了鱼腥草黄酮的细胞毒性及其对皮质酮损伤的pc12细胞的保护作用;采用小鼠悬尾实验、小鼠强迫游泳实验,观察小鼠的不动时间,探讨鱼腥草黄酮的抗抑郁作用.结果表明,在最大无毒浓度128 μmol·L-1以内,鱼腥草黄酮对高浓度皮质酮损伤的pc12细胞有很明显的保护作用,最小有效浓度为1 μmol·L-1,细胞毒性等级为1级;在悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验中,128 mg·kg-1、64 mg·kg-1、32 mg·kg-1、16 mg·kg-1剂量组鱼腥草黄酮均能显著缩短小鼠不动时间.表明鱼腥草黄酮有明显的抗抑郁活性.     

金属硫蛋白对环磷酰胺所致肝脏脂质氧化损伤的保护作用

本实验旨在探究金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,简称MT)对环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CP)所诱导的小鼠肝脏脂质氧化损伤的影响,选取18~22 g C57BL/OLA129野生型(MT+/+)小鼠和MTⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除(MT-/-)小鼠,共分为6组,分别为MT+/+组(对照组、60 mg/kg和120 mg/kg),MT-/-和给药组(对照组、60 mg/kg和120 mg/kg)。给药组每天给予一次腹腔注射,连续给药2d;对照组同时给予生理盐水,末次给药24 h后处死,取肝脏用于实验。给药后,MDA升高,两组小鼠均发生氧化损伤,总SOD和GSH-Px活力变化具有剂量依赖性,但是MT-/-小鼠变化更为敏感。由此,我们可以推测MT对CP引起的肝脏氧化损伤存在一定的保护作用。     

王不留行提取物的急性毒理学研究

探究了王不留行提取物对小鼠的毒性剂量并对其毒性表现进行观察。采用常规急性毒理学研究的方法,选用ICR小鼠探究最小致毒量和最小致死量,HE染色观察其主要器官形态学变化,玻璃毛细管法测定血液凝固时间,生化法测定组织SOD活力、MDA含量及血清BUN、AST、ALT含量。结果显示:(1)致毒剂量:王不留行提取物对小鼠的最小致毒量为100 mg/kg,最小致死量为1500 mg/kg;(2)毒性表现:低剂量组(200 mg/kg)给药后1 d凝血时间缩短,其余指标与对照组相比无显著差异,高剂量组(1000 mg/kg)小鼠自主活动减少,体重增长率明显下降,给药后1 d血液凝固时间缩短,主要器官形态学明显改变,心脏SOD活性降低,MDA含量升高,血清BUN含量升高,其余指标未见明显改变。王不留行提取物高剂量(1000 mg/kg)对小鼠的血液凝固、心和肾脏有一定的毒性作用。     

PM2.5经皮肤暴露和气道滴注对小鼠肝脏的不同影响

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)可通过呼吸、皮肤接触等途径进入机体,对机体健康产生危害。为了探究PM2.5经不同暴露途径对机体产生的不同影响,将小鼠随机分为:对照组,20μg·kg~(-1)·d(-1)、100μg·kg~(-1)·d(-1)、500μg·kg~(-1)·d(-1) PM2.5皮肤暴露组和20μg·kg~(-1)·d(-1)、100μg·kg~(-1)·d(-1)、500μg·kg~(-1)·d(-1) PM2.5气道滴注组。结果表明,随着PM2.5浓度的增加,小鼠肝脏细胞空泡化程度增强,同时小鼠肝脏ROS、MDA、8-OHdG和ALT含量升高;PM2.5经皮肤暴露和气道滴注均可对小鼠肝脏产生不利影响,且随着PM2.5浓度的增加损伤越严重,这可能与其诱导的氧化应激有关,且经气道滴注产生的损伤更严重。     

一种解酒护肝片对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用的研究

目的:研究解酒护肝片对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将小鼠随机分为5组,正常组、模型组、解酒护肝片低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。采用白酒灌胃造模,造模与给药同时进行。6周后测定血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、丙二醛(MDA)、甘油三酯(TG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平。结果:各剂量解酒护肝片能显著降低小鼠血清ALT、AST活性和肝组织MDA、TG含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),提高肝组织SOD和GSH活性,各预防治疗组之间比较提示,以高剂量解酒护肝片作用最为显著。结论:解酒护肝片能有效预防小鼠酒精性肝病。     

柚皮苷对紫外线诱导小鼠皮肤屏障损伤的保护作用及机制研究

研究了柚皮苷对紫外线诱导昆明小鼠皮肤屏障损伤的保护作用。将25只SPF级昆明小鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组,模型组(UV照射组),阳性对照组(28.39 mmol/L维生素C),低、高剂量柚皮苷涂抹组(0.35和3.5 mmol/L柚皮苷)。除空白对照组,其他4组小鼠模拟日光紫外线(UVA+UVB)照射,建立小鼠光损伤皮肤模型,每次UV照射前,提前2 h分别涂抹相同剂量(100μL/只)的药物。通过测试小鼠皮肤经表皮失水(TEWL)、HE染色、胶原纤维染色(Masson染色),以及小鼠皮肤组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)的含量,活性氧(ROS)清除能力来探究柚皮苷对皮肤光损伤的作用途径;免疫组化染色(IHC染色)检测丝聚合蛋白(FLG)、内披蛋白(IVL)、水通道蛋白3 (AQP3)以评价柚皮苷对紫外线损伤皮肤的屏障相关功能。与模型组相比,柚皮苷涂抹组小鼠皮肤抑制皮肤表皮厚度增加,给药组胶原量增加;低、高剂量柚皮苷涂抹组可以显著减少光损伤小鼠皮肤中水分的流失(p0.05);柚皮苷显著提高小鼠皮肤组织中SOD、CAT的活力(p0.05),显著降低MDA的含量(p0.05)及清除ROS的含量;IHC染色研究表明柚皮苷涂抹组皮肤中FLG、IVL、AQP3蛋白表达量增加(p0.05)。     

邻苯二甲酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯对小鼠红细胞ATPase活性的影响

为了研究邻苯二甲酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)对小鼠红细胞ATPase活性的影响,用不同浓度的DEHP对昆明小鼠进行腹腔注射染毒.2周后,各染毒组红细胞Na -K -ATPase活力与对照组相比均明显下降(P＜0.01),并具有很好的剂量-效应关系(R=-0.942,P＜0.01).125 mg·kg-1染毒组红细胞Ca2 -ATPase活力略有下降,但无显著性差异(P＞0.05),随着染毒浓度的倍增,红细胞Ca2 -ATPase活力不断下降,与对照组相比表现出极显著性差异(P＜0.01),同时也具有很好的剂量-效应关系(R=-0.968,P＜0.01 ).结果表明,DEHP抑制了红细胞ATPase的活性,证明DEHP对红细胞造成了损伤,对机体具有明显的毒性作用.     

The effect of raw soybean on oxidative status of digestive organs in mice

The present study was undertaken to specify the effect of raw soybean on oxidative status of digestive organs in mice. For this purpose, thirty male (C57BL/6J) mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed on different diets as follows: Group 1 was fed on control diet, Group 2 was fed on raw soybean diet and Group 3 was fed on raw soybean diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg cysteamine. After two weeks of feeding, duodenum, liver and pancreas samples were collected to measure oxidative and antioxidative parameters. The results show that ingestion of raw soybean markedly increased contents of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), T-AOC and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in digestive organs of mice (P < 0.05). In the group fed with raw soybean diet supplemented with cysteamine, oxidative stress was mitigated. However, oxidative parameter levels were still higher than those of control diet-fed group. The present study indicates that ingestion of raw soybean could result in an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant, and thus induce oxidative stress in digestive organs of mice.     

椰子油和大豆油的乙氧基化物对小鼠肝脏的脂质过氧化效应研究

为探讨椰子油乙氧基化物-36EO(COE-36)和大豆油乙氧基化物-42EO(SOE-42)对小鼠肝脏的脂质过氧化作用,采用腹腔注射技术,测定COE-36处理组、SOE-42处理组、氯化镉阳性对照组(小鼠单位体质量的氯化镉用量为2.5μg.g-1)和生理盐水阴性对照组小鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)生成量。结果表明,氯化镉显著抑制了小鼠肝脏SOD和CAT活性,增加了MDA生成量;在所测3个指标中,COE-36和SOE-42的3个用量组(以小鼠单位体质量的用药量计)与生理盐水阴性对照组相比均无显著性差异;与氯化镉阳性对照组相比,不同用量COE-36作用下SOD和CAT活性变化、不同用量SOE-42作用下CAT活性变化以及低用量(3 mg.g-1)COE-36或SOE-42作用下MDA生成量变化均有显著性差异,说明在所试用量(3～5 mg.g-1)下,这2种表面活性剂不会引起小鼠肝细胞的脂质过氧化。     

Effect of Dietary Protein Level and Origin on the Redox Status in the Digestive Tract of Mice

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of high protein (soybean protein or casein) on the balance between production of free radicals and antioxidant level in digestive organs of mice. For this purpose, male (C57BL/6J) mice were adapted to experimental diets containing soybean protein or casein with 20% (normal protein diets, NPDs) or 60% (high protein diets, HPDs), and HPDs supplemented with 0.06g/kg cysteamine. After two weeks of feeding, oxidative and antioxidative parameters in duodenum, liver and pancreas were measured. The results show that ingestion of high protein markedly increased contents of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and Na⁺ K⁺-ATPase, and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in digestive organs of mice (P<0.05). Levels of oxidative parameters were lower and antioxidant capacity of both enzyme and non-enzyme was higher in mice fed with soybean protein than those fed with casein. In groups fed HPDs supplemented with cysteamine, oxidative stress was mitigated. However, oxidative parameter levels were still higher than those of NPD-fed groups. The present study indicates that ingestion of high protein diets could result in an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant, and thus induce oxidative stress in digestive organs of mice. The oxidative damage was smaller in mice fed with high level of soy protein in comparison with casein.     

Ameliorative Effects of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) from Schisandra chinensis on Alcoholic Liver Oxidative Injury in Mice

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the protective effect of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) on acute alcohol-induced liver oxidative injury in mice. 5-HMF, a maillard reaction product, was isolated from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis for animal experiments. Experimental ICR mice were pretreated with different doses of 5-HMF (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) for seven days by gavage feeding. Biochemical markers and enzymatic antioxidants from serum and liver tissue were examined. Our results showed that the activities of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate transaminase), TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), L-DLC (low density lipoprotein) in serum and the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) in liver tissue, decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 5-HMF-treated group compared with the alcohol group. On the contrary, enzymatic antioxidants CAT (catalase), GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase), and GSH SOD (superoxide dismutase) were markedly elevated in liver tissue treated with 5-HMF (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the hepatic levels of pro-inflammatory response marker tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that 5-HMF (30 mg/kg) pretreatment noticeably prevented alcohol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and fatty degeneration. It is suggested that the hepatoprotective effects exhibited by 5-HMF on alcohol-induced liver oxidative injury may be due to its potent antioxidant properties.     

S-Acetyl-Glutathione Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Oxidative Imbalance and Inflammation

Liver fibrosis, depending on the stage of the disease, could lead to organ dysfunction and cirrhosis, and no effective treatment is actually available. Emergent proof supports a link between oxidative stress, liver fibrogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction as molecular bases of the pathology. A valid approach to protect against the disease would be to replenish the endogenous antioxidants; thus, we investigated the protective mechanisms of the S-acetyl-glutathione (SAG), a glutathione (GSH) prodrug. Preliminary in vitro analyses were conducted on primary hepatic cells. SAG pre-treatment significantly protected against cytotoxicity induced by CCl4. Additionally, CCl4 induced a marked increase in AST and ALT levels, whereas SAG significantly reduced these levels, reaching values found in the control group. For the in vivo analyses, mice were administered twice a week with eight consecutive intraperitoneal injections of 1 mL/kg CCl4 (diluted at 1:10 in olive oil) to induce oxidative imbalance and liver inflammation. SAG (30 mg/kg) was administered orally for 8 weeks. SAG significantly restored SOD activity, GSH levels and GPx activity, while it strongly reduced GSSG levels, lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂ and ROS levels in the liver. Additionally, CCl4 induced a decrease in anti-oxidants, including Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1, which were restored by treatment with SAG. The increased oxidative stress characteristic on liver disfunction causes the impairment of mitophagy and accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged mitochondria. Our results showed the protective effect of SAG administration in restoring mitophagy, as shown by the increased PINK1 and Parkin expressions in livers exposed to CCl4 intoxication. Thus, the SAG administration showed anti-inflammatory effects decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1β in both serum and liver, and suppressing the TLR4/NFkB pathway. SAG attenuated reduced fibrosis, collagen deposition, hepatocellular damage and organ dysfunction. In conclusion, our results suggest that SAG administration protects the liver from CCl4 intoxication by restoring the oxidative balance, ameliorating the impairment of mitophagy and leading to reduced inflammation.     

Dietary lipoic acid influences antioxidant capability and oxidative status of broilers

The effects of lipoic acid (LA) on the antioxidant status of broilers were investigated. Birds (1 day old) were randomly assigned to four groups and fed corn-soybean diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg LA, respectively. The feeding program included a starter diet from 1 to 21 days of age and a grower diet from 22 to 42 days of age. Serum, liver and muscle samples were collected at 42 days of age. For antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum, liver and breast muscle significantly increased in chickens fed with LA. The concentration of malondiadehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was significantly lower in serum, liver and leg muscle in birds that received LA than in the control group. Treatments with LA significantly increased glutathione (GSH) content in liver and increased α-tocopherol content in leg muscle as compared to the control. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 300 mg/kg LA may enhance antioxidant capability and depress oxidative stress in broilers.     

Effect of tea polyphenol on oxidative injury in s180 cells induced hepatocarcinoma mice

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant nature of tea polyphenol on S180 cells induced liver cancer in mice. In the present study, hepatocellular carcinoma was induced by tumor transplantation of liver in situ. The antitumor activity of tea polyphenol has been determined in vivo in hepatocellular carcinoma mice after treatment of drug (50, 100, 150 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for 20 days. Results showed that a significant increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransfere (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, decrease in serum white blood cells (WBC), serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), A/G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), liver reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were observed. In addition, the levels of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were decreased when subjected to S180 cells induction. These altered enzyme levels were ameliorated significantly by administration of tea polyphenol at the concentration of 50, 100, 150 mg/kg body weight in drug-treated animals. These results indicate that the protective effect of tea polyphenol was associated with inhibition of MDA induced by S180 cells and to maintain the antioxidant enzyme levels.     

Anticonvulsant Effects of Topiramate and Lacosamide on Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats: A Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological disorder characterized by a prolonged epileptic activity followed by subsequent epileptogenic processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the early effects of topiramate (TPM) and lacosamide (LCM) treatment on oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in a model of pilocarpine-induced SE. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and the two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), TPM (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.) and LCM (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), were injected three times repeatedly after pilocarpine administration. Rats were sacrificed 24 h post-SE and several parameters of oxidative stress and inflammatory response have been explored in the hippocampus. Results: The two drugs TPM and LCM, in both doses used, succeeded in attenuating the number of motor seizures compared to the SE-veh group 30 min after administration. Pilocarpine-induced SE decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while increasing the catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and IL-1β levels compared to the control group. Groups with SE did not affect the TNF-α levels. The treatment with a higher dose of 30 mg/kg LCM restored to control level the SOD activity in the SE group. The two AEDs, in both doses applied, also normalized the CAT activity and MDA levels to control values. In conclusion, we suggest that the antioxidant effect of TPM and LCM might contribute to their anticonvulsant effect against pilocarpine-induced SE, whereas their weak anti-inflammatory effect in the hippocampus is a consequence of reduced SE severity.     

全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定苦荞麦矿物元素

采用HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样,采用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）,分析测定了苦荞麦中的矿物元素,共检出P、S、K、Mg、Ca、Si、Al、Fe、Na、Zn、Mn、B、Cu、Se、Ti、Cr、Ba、Sr等18种矿物元素。分析结果的RSD值在0.45%～9.09%之间,其中15种元素在5%以内。苦荞麦中所含P、S、K、Mg、Ca、Na等常量元素的质量分数分别为0.21%、0.21%、0.17%、0.098%、0.019%、0.0017%;微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、Cr、Si、Mn、B、Ti、Ba、Sr、Al等的含量（mg.kg-1）分别为37.4、16.5、3.67、1.38、0.44、121.6、6.90、4.88、0.63、0.22、0.12、49.9。