阳离子染料废水治理技术及进展

文章介绍了近年来阳离子染料废水处理的各种技术,包括吸附法、化学混凝法、高级氧化法、电化学法和生物法。上述处理技术均对阳离子废水处理有较好效果,其中大部分已应用于生产实践。对阳离子染料废水处理技术的发展进行了展望,指出阳离子废水处理技术朝各种工艺优化组合方向发展。     

阳离子染料废水处理技术研究进展

印染、纺织、食品、造纸及皮革等相关行业的发展所带来的水污染问题由来已久，工业的迅速发展导致污染问题的日益严重，传统的废水处理方法和常用处理材料已不能满足目前高效、无毒害、低成本等处理染料废水的要求。其中，因阳离子染料废水成分复杂、处理难度高，引发了研究者的广泛关注。文中主要介绍了近几年对常用废水处理材料的改性方法、传统方法与新工艺的结合，以及某些纳米材料、纳米技术在染料废水处理方面的应用潜力和前景，比较分析了各种处理方法及材料的优缺点。综合近年文献发现，对传统吸附剂进行改性处理或将传统处理方法与新材料相结合，是一种行之有效的提高染料废水处理效率的方案。     

阳离子染料废水处理技术分析

阳离子染料产生的时间非常早,并且在当前的世界中应用过十分广泛,但是这种染料的废水如果没有经过处理就被排放到河流中,就会导致非常严重的环境污染问题。本文深入分析了阳离子染料废水的特点,并对阳离子染料废水的相关处理技术进行了深入的研究,希望对我国的阳离子染料的废水处理水平提升有积极的意义。     

混合染料的相互作用机理研究

利用模拟混合染料废水,分析了阳离子蓝FGL与酸性、活性、直接、阳离子、分散5种染料混合后的颜色变化机理和染料之间的作用。结果表明:阳离子蓝FGL基本上能与含磺酸基的酸性、活性和直接染料按电荷摩尔比发生作用,与同类的染料不会发生反应,与分散橙SE-B也会通过库仑力发生反应。混合液的色度在有沉淀生成时会变小,这样将节约废水处理的成本。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺共聚法研究进展

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)具备优异的吸附、除浊和脱色能力,被广泛应用于染料、食品、油田等多个领域的废水处理。本文综述了共聚合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的方法,并阐述分析了各种合成方法的优缺点和研究进展。     

新型阳离子絮凝剂的制备及对酸性品红的脱色性能

以双丙酮丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为原料,2-酮戊二酸为引发剂,采用光引发聚合方法制备了新型阳离子絮凝剂DAAM-DAC,并将其应用于酸性品红模拟废水处理中。考察了阳离子絮凝剂用量、温度、废水pH值、染料浓度对废水脱色率的影响。结果表明,新型阳离子絮凝剂的添加量为1000mg/L,废水pH为7.0,染料浓度为50 mg/L,温度为40℃,脱色时间为30 min,静置30 min,染料废水的脱色率可达到87.15%。     

淀粉基絮凝剂在染料废水处理中的应用进展

本文简要概述了淀粉基絮凝剂在染料废水处理中的应用研究现状,其中重点概述了阳离子化改性淀粉絮凝剂、两性淀粉絮凝剂和接枝共聚淀粉絮凝剂的研发情况及应用进展。     

阳离子染料废水处理技术研究进展

阳离子染料于1855年问世,发展至今应用广泛,但阳离子染料废水排放过程中,会对环境及人体造成危害,因此处理阳离子染料废水逐渐受到各界关注.总结了处理阳离子染料废水的几种方法,包括物理法、化学法和生物法,对3种处理方法对比,表明生物法处理阳离子染料废水是一种绿色、高效、环保的方法,阐述了生物法处理阳离子染料废水的主要类型...     

萘酰亚胺类功能材料应用研究进展

简述了1,8-萘酰亚胺及其衍生物的合成方法,着重介绍其近年在荧光增白剂、荧光染料和其他功能材料上的应用研究进展,特别是在生物医用材料和荧光传感器等领域的应用.在生物医用材料方面的应用主要包括抗肿瘤药物、DNA荧光探针和荧光分子开关;而荧光传感器领域的应用则主要包括阴离子传感器和阳离子传感器.最后,展望了此类功能材料的发展趋势.     

萘酰亚胺类功能材料应用研究进展

简述了1,8-萘酰亚胺及其衍生物的合成方法,着重介绍其近年在荧光增白剂、荧光染料和其他功能材料上的应用研究进展,特别是在生物医用材料和荧光传感器等领域的应用。在生物医用材料方面的应用主要包括抗肿瘤药物、DNA荧光探针和荧光分子开关;而荧光传感器领域的应用则主要包括阴离子传感器和阳离子传感器。最后,展望了此类功能材料的发展趋势。     

P(DMC-AM)对活性染料废水絮凝脱色效果研究

采用混凝烧杯实验,以脱色率为考察指标,研究了系列化阳离子絮凝剂P(DMC-AM)对活性染料废水的絮凝脱色效果和机理。结果表明:P(DMC-AM)阳离子度越大、特征黏度越高、活性染料分子中所含磺酸基数越多,絮凝脱色效果越好,并具有一定耐酸耐盐性。P(DMC-AM)絮凝脱色机理主要为电中和和吸附架桥。实验证明,P(DMC-AM)对活性染料废水具有良好处理效果。     

Charged modified tight ceramic ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of cationic dye wastewater

Tight ceramic uitrafiltration membranes have been proven to exhibit good rejection performance for reactive dye wastewater at high temperatures because of their high thermal and chemical resistance.However,the application of ceramic membranes for the treatment of cationic dye wastewater is chal-lenging because of their surface charge.In this study,a ceramic membrane is modified by grafting aminosilane (KH-551) to enhance the positive charge of the membrane surface.The rejection perfor-mance of the charged modified ceramic membrane toward the methylene blue solution is significantly improved.The modification substance is bonded to the ceramic membrane surface via covalent bonding,which imparts good thermal stability.The modified ceramic membrane exhibits stable separation perfor-mance toward the methylene blue solution.Overall,this study provides valuable guidance for the adjust-ment of the ceramic membrane surface charge for treating industrial cationic dye wastewater.     

采用高效脱色剂处理染料废水的研究

以双氰胺-甲醛为主要原料并引入添加剂合成了水溶性阳离子有机絮凝剂,并与无机絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)配合使用,处理染料废水。考察了絮凝剂的投加量、投加顺序、投加配比以及pH值等对染料废水处理效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定影响脱色率的主要因素及处理废水的最佳条件。结果表明,染料废水的pH值为8～9,脱色剂用量为0.4～1.5mL/L,PAC用量为40～80mg/L时,所研究的8种染料(100mg/L)的脱色率均可达96%以上,CODCr的去除率因染料种类的不同而存在一定的差异。     

Preparation of betaine‐modified cationic cellulose and its application in the treatment of reactive dye wastewater

Betaine‐modified cationic cellulose was prepared through the reaction of cellulose with betaine hydrochloride by an efficient one‐step dry method. Dicyandiamide was used as a dehydrating agent to promote the formation of ester bonds between the reactants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the cellulose betainate. Experiments showed that at a molar ratio of the cellulose glucose unit, betaine hydrochloride to dicyandiamide, of 1:1:0.5 at 150°C for 3 h, the degree of substitution of the cationic group reached 0.80. The adsorption of simulated C. I. Reactive Red 24 and C. I. Reactive Red 195 wastewater on the cationic cellulose was carried out, and the effects of the adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and salt concentration on the dye removal efficiency were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm data of the cationic cellulose exhibited a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich one. The experimental results suggest that the prepared cationic cellulose materials show potential application for reactive dye wastewater treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40522.     

阳离子染料废水处理实例

采用两级物化－电解－吸附工艺首先对高浓度阳离子染料生产废水进行预处理,再与低浓度生产废水、生活污水混合,然后采用接触氧化、吸附工艺处理阳离子染料生产废水。生产运行结果表明,CODcr总去除率为99．8％,色度总去除率为99．99％,出水各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》GB8978－1996中的一级标准。     

Organobentonite as Efficient Textile Dye Sorbent

Domestic bentonite clay was modified using cationic surfactant – hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA‐bromide) in order to obtain more efficient sorbent. Removal of Acid Orange 10 from aqueous solution at different dye concentrations, adsorbent doses, and pH was studied. These studies were carried out under unaltered pH value in order to prove that adjusting pH as an additional operation in wastewater treatment is not entirely necessary. The results obtained confirmed the adsorption capacity is significant even for unaltered pH. The adsorption isotherm data were well fitted with both the Freundlich and Langmuir model and the latter was shown as more appropriate. Dynamical data were well represented with the pseudo second‐order kinetic model. The results indicate that HDTMA‐bentonite could be employed as low‐cost sorbent in textile dye wastewater treatment.     

阳离子淀粉染料吸附材料的制备及表征

以玉米淀粉为原料,以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（CHPTMAC）为阳离子醚化剂,以NaOH为催化剂,制备了天然高分子多糖基染料吸附剂阳离子淀粉（CS）,用于对活性染料的吸附。对醚化反应机理进行了系统研究,并考察了反应条件对CS取代度（DS）及反应效率（RE）的影响。采用RAM、XRD、SEM对产物进行表征。吸附实验表明,当DS为0.12,染料溶液pH为8时,CS对活性红195、活性金黄K-2RA的吸附量分别为21.0和20.4 mg·g^-1,去除率可达84.1%和81.6%,好于无机吸附材料活性炭。还进行了CS染料吸附材料的再生实验,4次再生后仍有较高的吸附量,表明CS染料吸附材料具有较强的可再生性能,可循环使用。该天然基染料吸附剂CS有望成为无机吸附剂及合成树脂吸附剂的理想替代品,用于工业染料废水的处理中。     

新生态MnO_2吸附法处理阳离子染料废水的研究

利用新生态MnO2对阳离子染料废水的处理研究。考察了pH值、反应时间、新生MnO2投加量、染料浓度等因素对处理效果的影响,同时还运用热分析、碳、氢、氮元素分析技术对脱色机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明,新生MnO2处理含有阳离子染料的废水,最高脱色率可达99%,CODCr去除率也高达95%。新生MnO2是通过界面吸附机理对染料废水进行处理的,并具有操作简便、快速的特点。     

Fibrous material based on a combination of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with iron ions as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for dye oxidative decomposition

The Fenton method has been used to remedy dye wastewater because hydroxyl radicals generated from the Fenton reaction can oxidize the dye into small molecules. In comparison with a homogeneous reaction, a heterogeneous reaction with a solid material as a catalyst is a more appropriate alternative for dye wastewater treatment. Because of the large specific surface area and excellent applicability, a novel fibrous material based on a combination of functional polymer with iron ions was designed in this study and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for dye wastewater treatment by the Fenton method. The fibrous material was found to have good catalytic activity for the oxidative decomposition of a variety of dyes and good reusability; additionally, the fibrous material could remove the dye to a greater extent and leave fewer iron ions in the treated wastewater than a homogeneous Fenton catalyst such as iron(II) chloride (FeCl₂). What is more, the fibrous material could adsorb the residual iron ions from the treated wastewater and make these iron ions take part in the next catalyzation. The previous results make us believe that the prepared fibrous material might be used to create a green approach for dye wastewater treatment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44875