槽式孔板的气液两相压降倍率特性

简要介绍了一种新型气液两相流量传感器——槽式孔板的工作原理,在分析两相流体与槽式孔板相互作用机理的基础上,结合实验数据和理论模型详细分析了影响槽式孔板两相压降倍率的各种因素.利用曲面拟合技术给出了能够准确表征槽式孔板两相压降倍率与压力、气体Froude数、Lockhart-Martinelli参数之间的相关式,为凝析天然气计量技术研究奠定了基础.     

槽式孔板的湿气分层流差压预测模型

槽式孔板是一种新型的气液两相流测量元件,与标准孔板相比,槽式孔板具有前后直管段要求低、差压信号平稳、上游液相无累积等优点。通过对槽式孔板的局部阻力进行分析,槽式孔板总压降主要由摩阻压降和加速压降两部分组成。基于气液两相流体流经槽式孔板的流动机理,利用动量守恒关系式和能量守恒关系式计算摩阻压降和加速压降,建立了槽式孔板的分层流差压预测模型。以空气/水为介质,进行了一系列实验,实验结果表明,孔径比为0.75、0.6、0.5的槽式孔板的平均相对误差分别为6.45%、11.06%、12.52%,为湿气计量算法的完善提供了参考。     

海上含液天然气流量计开发

阐述在线多相流量计的开发原理和国内外低含液率气液两相流计量技术研究的主要技术路线.结合海上含液天然气流量计开发工作,全面系统地总结了流量计开发的技术路线和研究成果.详细介绍槽式孔板的单相流与两相流测量特性、基于双槽式孔板组合测量原理与软测量技术的流量计计量算法等内容,指出了需要进一步深入研究的方向.     

槽式孔板气液二相流差压信号的时间序列分析

槽式孔板是一种新型的气液二相流流量传感器,为了研究其二相流测量特性,提出了一种新的信号处理方法。首先应用小波变换模极大值滤波方法对差压测量信号去噪,然后对滤波结果进行经验模式分解得到有限个经验模式函数(IMF),进而对IMF建立自回归(AR)模型,研究了AR模型的参数与气液二相流流型以及分相流量之间的关系。这种信号处理方法能够使具有非平稳特性的差压信号满足时间序列分析的建模条件,AR模型的参数可以有效地区分气液二相流流型,并与气液分相流量的变化密切相关,为气液二相流流型识别和流量计量算法的研究奠定了基础。     

倾斜管柱气液两相流持液率计算方法研究

倾斜管柱气液两相流持液率的计算方法在石油工业中具有重要地位。采用Beggs-Brill相关式、Mukherjee-Brill相关式、Eaton相关式和杜克勒Ⅱ相关式计算了倾斜管柱的持液率,通过实验手段测量相同气液体积流量下,不同角度的持液率数据,分析了上述4种计算式的准确性,发现Beggs-Brill相关式比较准确。对Beggs-Brill相关式进行了分析,发现当其他条件一定时,其计算的持液率关于管柱倾斜角度具有一定的对称性,对称轴为50°,倾斜角度为90°时和10°时计算的持液率相等,结合所测量的实验数据,做出曲线发现在倾斜角度在45°到60°之间持液率最大,倾斜角度为90°的持液率与为10°的持液率比较接近,同时持液率随角度的变化具有一定的对称性。     

气液流经标准孔板压差特性数值研究

本文以油井多相流的在线测量系统研究为背景,在既定多相流量计实验平台上,基于计算流体动力学理论,利用软件CFX对单相水、空气和气液两相流三种流体仿真．得出不同流体对于标准孔板的压差特性,从理论上验证了利用标准孔板进行气液两相流流量测量的可行性,为进一步将标准孔板应用到油、气、水三相流测量提供依据。     

气液两相并流下行通过堆叠筛板填料的压降特性

堆叠筛板填料已在核电站放射性气体除气塔中得到成功应用。针对这一新型填料的应用设计,在较广泛的气液流量下,对气液并流下行通过不同规格堆叠筛板填料的阻力特性进行了系统的实验。实验填料共6种规格,孔径参数包括6、10和14 mm,不同孔径填料对应不同的孔间距、板间距,每种孔径填料具有正方形和正三角形两种筛孔分布方式。通过压降数据分析,研究了流动参数和几何参数（孔径、开孔率、布孔方式、板间距）对气液两相并流通过填料的流动行为及压降特性的影响;结合多孔板阻力系数经验公式提出了堆叠筛板填料干板阻力系数的计算模型,模型很好地反映了不同几何参数对干板阻力系数的影响,预测偏差在5%范围以内;基于均相流模型提出了堆叠筛板填料气液两相压降的预测模型,模型预测偏差在10%范围以内。研究工作对堆叠筛板填料塔的应用设计及进一步的传质动力学研究有一定参考价值。     

气液两相并流下行通过堆叠筛板填料的压降特性

堆叠筛板填料已在核电站放射性气体除气塔中得到成功应用。针对这一新型填料的应用设计,在较广泛的气液流量下,对气液并流下行通过不同规格堆叠筛板填料的阻力特性进行了系统的实验。实验填料共6种规格,孔径参数包括6、10和14 mm,不同孔径填料对应不同的孔间距、板间距,每种孔径填料具有正方形和正三角形两种筛孔分布方式。通过压降数据分析,研究了流动参数和几何参数(孔径、开孔率、布孔方式、板间距)对气液两相并流通过填料的流动行为及压降特性的影响;结合多孔板阻力系数经验公式提出了堆叠筛板填料干板阻力系数的计算模型,模型很好地反映了不同几何参数对干板阻力系数的影响,预测偏差在5%范围以内;基于均相流模型提出了堆叠筛板填料气液两相压降的预测模型,模型预测偏差在10%范围以内。研究工作对堆叠筛板填料塔的应用设计及进一步的传质动力学研究有一定参考价值。     

气液并流筛板式填料压降的数值模拟

基于欧拉-欧拉模型,采用CFX软件对筛板式填料的气液两相并流流动进行了模拟。将模拟所得的压降与填料的出厂特性值进行了对比,发现在液气动能参数较小的情况下,两者吻合较好。分析了该流场内的速度分布和压力分布的特点,射流卷吸作用使流场内两相流体混合,但涡旋使筛板下方压强减小,射流撞击使筛板上方压强增加。对不同结构的矩形筛板式填料的压降进行研究,结果表明：筛板孔径和液相流量是影响筛板压降的重要因素,开孔直径越小,液相流量对单板压降的影响越大;上层筛孔投影与下层筛孔相交的结构更能有效降低单板压降。液相流量较大时,两个不同板间距的单板压降曲线将相交于一点,气相流量低于此交点时,板间距越小,单板压降越大;气相流量高于此交点时,则相反。     

气液并流筛板流态的模拟

文章利用CFX软件对开孔率为17%、150×120 mm的矩形气液并流筛板的气液两相流态进行模拟,分析了气液两相并流筛板的传质传热机理及筛板压降产生的主要原因。通过模拟研究了气液两相并流时气相和液相流量变化分别对塔板压降产生的影响。     

Z法气体超声波流量计湿气测量的虚高预测模型

引言湿气通常是指气相为连续相,液相为离散相的气液两相流。美国机械工程师学会ASME将其界定为Lockhart-Martinelli参数(L-M参数)X<0.3的气液两相流[1]。湿气普遍存在于自然界与工业现场中,如常规天然气田井口产出气(湿天然气)、煤层气、湿饱和蒸汽以及页岩气等均属湿气。随着工业生产的发展,对湿气不分离计量的要求越     

自然循环窄矩形通道内过冷沸腾两相摩擦阻力特性

采用去离子水作为实验工质,在低压低流速自然循环工况下开展了单面加热可视化窄矩形通道内的过冷沸腾摩擦阻力特性实验研究。实验中测量了实验段内的压降数据,并通过高速摄影仪拍摄了窄矩形通道内的气液两相图像,提出了过冷沸腾条件下的两相摩擦压降的剥离计算方法。基于本实验中获得摩擦压降数据,对分别基于均相流模型和分液相模型的经典两相摩擦压降计算关系式进行了评估,实验结果表明:采用不同等效黏度计算方法的均相流模型计算结果比实验值明显偏小;而分相流模型中,Sun and Mishiba关系式和Tran关系式均能够较好地预测摩擦阻力,计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差在±15%以内。结合实验数据,以分相流模型方法为基础,考虑全液相Reynolds数、Martinelli参数和Laplace数的影响,获得了计算分液相折算系数的经验关系式,与实验数据符合较好,平均相对误差在10%范围内。     

高含气率气液两相流差压信号时频特征分析

为了更有效地揭示高含气率气液两相流流动特征,研究了一种新的时频特征分析方法。首先,对差压波动信号进行小波包变换并由变换系数计算信号能量的时频分布;然后,应用统计方法对时频分布进行特征提取得到一组时频特征量。应用类可分性测量准则分析该组特征量区分不同流型的效果,并与以往小波包特征分析方法相比较,结果表明:该组特征量具有更强的流型特征表征能力。最后,以该组特征量为输入向量,构建了集成多类支持向量机分类器实现了流型识别,其流型正确识别率可达97%。     

Experimental Study of Two-Phase Air–Water Flow in Large-Diameter Vertical Pipes

Recently, due to an increase in production demand in nuclear and oil and gas industries, the requirement to migrate toward larger pipe sizes for future developments has become essential. However, it is interesting to note that almost all the research on two-phase gas–liquid flow in vertical pipe upflow is based on small-diameter pipes (D ≤ 100 mm), and the experimental work on the two-phase gas–liquid flow in large-diameter (D > 100 mm) vertical pipes is scarce. Under the above circumstances, the application of modeling tools/correlations based on small-diameter pipes in predicting flow behavior (flow pattern, void fraction, and pressure gradient) poses severe challenges in terms of accuracy. The results presented in this article are motivated by the need to introduce the research work done to the industries where the data pertaining to large-diameter vertical pipes are scarce and there is a lack of understanding of two-phase gas-liquid flow behavior in large-diameter (D > 100 mm) vertical pipes.

The unique aspect of the results presented here is that the experimental data have been generated for a 254-mm inner diameter vertical pipe that forms an excellent basis for the assessment of modeling tools/correlations. This article (i) presents the results of a systematic investigation of the flow patterns in large-diameter vertical pipes and identifies the transition between subsequent flow patterns, (ii) compares it directly with the existing large- (150 mm) and small-diameter data (28 mm and 32 mm) in the same air–water superficial velocity range, (iii) exemplifies that the existing available empirical correlations/models/codes are significantly in error when applied to large-diameter vertical pipes for predictions, and last (iv) assesses the predictive capability of a well-known commercial multiphase flow simulator.     

大流量下倾斜管气液两相流实验研究

在较高的气液范围内,以水和空气为实验介质,在多相流实验平台上进行了倾斜向上的高产量气液两相流模拟实验研究。实验采用内径为40 mm、长8 m的透明有机玻璃管,并利用高速摄像仪记录实验过程中的流型。对实验流型进行分析,发现了倾斜管中低气流速下的一种新的流型-振荡冲击流,并研究了表观气、液流速和倾斜角对气液两相流动中压降的影响,建立气/液膜流动模型来分析表观气、液流速对压降梯度的影响作用,实验研究结果表明:在高气液量范围内,倾斜管中观察到的气液两相流型主要为振荡冲击流、过渡流和环状流,并且倾角对流型转变边界的影响不显著;振荡冲击流压降随气流速的增加而降低,环状流压降随气流速的增加而增加,过渡流压降梯度最小;倾斜管压降梯度随着倾斜角度的增加而增大。     

THE EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTORS ON TWO-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE FLOWS IN VERTICAL COLUMNS

Two-phase air-water and three-phase air-water-solids flows have been investigated in a 0.152 m internal diameter vertical column. Pressure drop across the distributor and average phase hold-up were measured for two-phase and three-phase flows over flow ranges of superficial gas velocity from 0 to 259 m/s and superficial liquid velocity from 0 to 0.0346 m/s. Gas hold-up/pressure-drop ratios were obtained as a function of superficial gas velocity and liquid flow rate. It was found that the bubble cap was better at gas distribution than that of the Koch static mixer in two-phase and three-phase vertical flows. Drift flux to gas hold-up and drift flux to gas flow rate correlations were obtained for two-phase and three-phase vertical flows. Three flow patterns, churn-turbulent, transition and ideal bubble flows, were observed for vertical upflow.     

Flow regime transition for cocurrent gas–liquid flow in micro-channels

Experimental investigations of gas–liquid two-phase flow regimes in micro-channels were carried out in this work. Four distinctive flow patterns of slug flow, slug-annular flow, annular flow and parallel stratified flow were captured by a digital video recording (DVR) system and the transitions among different flow regimes were studied. The effect of fluid properties and wetting properties of the channel wall on the flow regime and flow pattern transition were studied as well. Novel empirical correlations for predicting flow pattern transitions during the steady gas–liquid flow in micro-channels have been developed with the fluid properties and the wetting properties of micro-channels incorporated, whereas the traditional flow criteria were based on gas and liquid superficial velocities only. The predictions of the present empirical models agree well with the experimental data.     

Comparative study of dry pressure drop and flow behaviour of gas flow through sieve plate packing

Sieve plate packing is a newly developed packing that has been used in several industries due to its simple structure and operating flexibility, and no liquid flooding. In this work, first, systematic experiments were conducted to measure the pressure drop of gas flow through six sieve plate packings. The results indicated that the geometric characteristics of the packing have complicated effects on the pressure drops. Based on this, CFD simulations on the gas flow field were conducted using the realizable k-ε model, and flow behaviours such as the pressure drop, pressure nephogram, and velocity distributions within different packings were obtained. The simulation results clearly showed interesting flow patterns, including the contraction and expansion of the gas stream through the sieve hole, the flow separation on the sharp edge of the hole, and the vortexes formed when gas impacts the downstream plate. By comparing the flow patterns and the pressure drop under different packings operating at different conditions, the effects of the geometric characteristics of the packing on the pressure drop could be clearly distinguished from the flow behaviours, so that the variations in pressure drop with various packing structures were clearly indicated. Finally, based on the experimental data and the simulated results, correlations for the prediction of the pressure drops were proposed. This work will provide a useful basis for understanding the flow behaviour of gas and liquid two-phase flow in sieve plate packing.