脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫工业试验研究

利用建造在四川绵阳科学城热电厂的最大烟气处理量为20 000 m3/h的脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫工业中试装置,研究了影响脱硫效率的因素,获得了最佳工艺参数。究结果表明,当烟气温度在65～70℃,烟气水分含量约10％,氨硫化学剂量比为1∶1,烟停留时间大于6 s、能耗低于5 Wh/Nm+3等条件下,脱硫率达85％以上。     

烟气脱硫脱硝一体化技术的现状与展望

烟气脱硫脱硝一体化技术是将脱硫脱硝技术合并在一个设备中进行,目前国际虽研发出多种一体化装置,但大多并未实现工业化应用,大部分仍处于研发或中间试验阶段,从多种技术角度论述了烟气脱硫脱硝一体化技术的研究及应用现状,并对今后该类技术的发展进行了展望。     

烟气脱硫技术综述(续完)

简要介绍了烟气脱硫技术的分类，各类烟气脱硫技术的主要特点，以及几种主要的湿法，干法，半干法烟气脱硫技术的工艺流程，并对不同的烟气脱硫技术的优缺点进行了简单评述。     

电子束烟气脱硫问题再探讨

通过对(对《电子束烟气脱硫若干问题探讨》的分析)一文的分析，发现其定性的分析和说明尚不能完全排除脱硫后烟气中存在SO3和H2SO4残余的可能性；进一步的资料调研与分析表明，出现当NH3添加当量比为0．5时，脱硫率(实际是SO2转化率)达60％的现象的根本原因既不是测试误差，也不是HF，HCl，SO3等污染物的影响，而是现有设计的必然结果。     

烟气脱硫技术综述(续一)

简要介绍了烟气脱硫技术的分类、各类烟气脱硫技术的主要特点，以及几种主要的湿法、干法、半干法烟气脱友技术的工艺流程，并对不同的烟气脱硫技术的优缺点进行了简单评述。     

钢渣内部金属氧化物调控提高干法脱硫性能研究

钢渣含有大量碱金属氧化物，使其具有作为烟气脱硫剂的潜力，将钢渣改性处理用于烟气干法脱硫对生态环境保护和资源节约有深远意义。本工作从调控金属氧化物组成的角度对钢渣进行改性，提高其脱硫性能。首先证实了钢渣的化学组成中主要金属氧化物Fe₂O₃、Al₂O₃、MgO、MnO对CaO及钢渣干法脱硫的促进作用，而后通过酸、碱处理调控钢渣主要金属氧化物的组成，提升脱硫性能，并通过XRF、XRD、XPS、SO₂-TPD等测试方法研究了脱硫性能提升的原因。结果表明：改性后，部分以固熔体相等结构存在的金属离子分离转化为金属氧化物，钢渣表面晶格氧、吸附氧含量增加，且晶格氧占比增大，对SO₂的物理吸附、化学吸附能力增强。pH为13时，脱硫效果最佳，可达93%。     

烟气脱硫烟道的优化设计

针对国内火电机组的实际情况,约95％的火电厂采用湿法烟气脱硫技术（FGD）,采用干法烟气脱硫技术的火电机组比较少,在湿法烟气脱硫技术中,基本上都采用石灰石-石膏法脱硫技术,原因是该技术成熟稳定,应用业绩最多且国内石灰石矿产量丰富,作为吸收剂的成本非常低。本文对烟道设计进行了探讨。     

关于火电厂烟气脱硫的几点思考

先从脱硫技术入手,突出烟气脱硫是应用最广的脱硫技术。然后比较烟气脱硫方案,突出湿法脱硫技术最成熟、可靠。重点分析石灰石一石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺以及我国目前烟气脱硫中存在的问题。     

贝壳湿法烟气脱硫可行性研究

长期作为垃圾抛弃的贝壳的化学成分与石灰石相似,其氧化钙的质量分数在54%以上,且含有利于提高脱硫效率的碱性氧化物,因此,可以考虑将贝壳用作湿法烟气脱硫的脱硫剂。基于传统的烟气脱硫方法石灰/石灰石法,钠碱法等方面考虑,分别对贝壳微粒直接进行烟气脱硫与贝壳煅烧后进行烟气脱硫进行了可行性研究分析。以贝壳作脱硫剂可同时解决抛弃的贝壳造成的环境污染问题,达到以废治污的目的。由于贝壳中钠等化合物的存在,利用贝壳进行烟气脱硫不但具有石灰/石灰石烟气脱硫法的低成本性,而且钠等化合物在浆液中的不断累积对脱硫过程还具有强化的作用,并有利于抑制设备结垢。     

烟气脱硫技术综述（待续）

简要介绍了烟气脱硫技术的分类、各类烟气脱硫技术的主要特点,以及几种主要的湿法、干法、半干法烟气脱硫技术的工艺流程。对不同的烟气脱硫技术的优缺点也作了简单评述。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...