自乳化水性环氧树脂的合成

用马来酸酐与双酚A型环氧树脂主链上的仲羟基进行醇解反应,在环氧树脂主链上引入亲水性-COOH基团,制得水性环氧树脂。通过红外光谱分析了产物的结构;讨论了反应溶剂、温度、时间、反应物配比等因素对反应结果的影响。并通过正交试验确定合成自乳化水性环氧树脂的最优条件。试验结果表明,以醋酸丁酯为溶剂,反应温度130℃,反应时间4 h,m(马来酸酐)∶m(E-44)=8.6∶100,制得的水性环氧树脂,接枝率(RGH)为86.09%,环氧保留率(RRE)为96.69%,具有良好的水分散性和优异的固化性能。     

自乳化水性环氧树脂的合成

用2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和甲苯二异氰酸酯与双酚A型环氧树脂主链上的仲羟基反应,在环氧树脂主链上引入-COOH基团,制得水性环氧树脂。通过红外光谱分析了产物的结构;讨论了反应溶剂、温度、时间、反应物配比等因素对反应结果的影响。并通过正交试验确定了合成自乳化水性环氧树脂的最优条件。试验结果表明,以丙酮为溶剂,反应温度50℃左右,反应时间4.5h,m(2,2-二羟甲基丙酸)∶m(甲苯二异氰酸酯)∶m(E-44)∶m(二月桂酸二丁基锡)=12∶17∶100∶0.2,制得的水性环氧树脂具有良好的水分散性和优异的固化性能。     

水性油墨用环氧丙烯酸酯乳液的制备研究

采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备环氧-丙烯酸酯复合乳液,并以钛白粉为颜料、水性树脂为分散树脂的色浆配制了凹版水性油墨.讨论了乳化剂种类及用量,对乳液及其涂膜性能的影响和引入环氧树脂对乳液和水性油墨性能的影响,并通过FTIR,DSC对乳液进行分析和表征.研究表明环氧树脂与丙烯酸酯发生了接枝反应;当复合乳化剂用量为4.5%,环氧树脂E-44用量为5%时所得环氧丙烯酸酯乳液及其配制的水性油墨性能优异.     

水性环氧固化剂的合成及性能

以三乙烯四胺(TETA)和液体环氧树脂(EPON828)为原料,在物料摩尔比(TETA/EPON828)为2 2/1,反应温度为 65℃,反应时间为 4h的工艺条件下合成 EPON828 TETA加成物。然后用具有多支链柔韧性链段的 C12 ~ 14 叔碳酸缩水甘油酯(CARDURA E -10) 在反应温度为70℃,反应时间为 3h的工艺条件下对 EPON828- TETA加成物进行封端改性。探讨了中和度对所合成的水性环氧固化剂的粒径及稳定性的影响。CARDURA E- 10 改性后的水性环氧固化剂与液体环氧树脂在室温下固化所形成的涂膜性能良好,其柔韧性和耐冲击性优于用传统封端改性剂 BGE 或CGE改性水性环氧固化剂所形成的涂膜。     

新型水性环氧树脂体系的研究

利用迈克尔加成原理,以丙酮为分散介质,以环氧树脂E-44、二乙烯三胺、丙烯氰为原料合成一种水性胺固化剂,以环氧树脂E-20、聚乙二醇和丁二酸酐为原料合成一种水性环氧树脂.探讨了不同的分散介质、催化剂、单体配比对合成及乳液稳定性的影响,研究了不同的配比对固化物力学性能和漆膜性能的影响.     

水性环氧乳化剂的合成及其乳化性能

以环氧树脂E-51和聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料在引发剂过硫酸钾的作用下合成了水性环氧乳化剂,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂添加量、E-51与PEG用量比对合成效果的影响,优化了合成条件,并研究了优化条件下制备的乳化剂对E-51的乳化效果.结果表明:优化的合成条件为引发剂添加量0.3%几环氧当量与羟基当量比1.00:1....     

非离子型水性环氧树脂乳液的研制及性能研究

采用环氧树脂E-51与不同分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)反应合成一系列高分子非离子型环氧树脂乳化剂,并采用相反转法制备水性环氧树脂乳液,考查了PEG分子质量、E-51与PEG摩尔比、反应时间、乳化剂用量及乳化条件对水性环氧树脂乳液的黏度、稳定性、粒径的影响。结果表明:以过硫酸钾为引发剂,n(E-51)∶n(PEG-2000)=1∶1,在180℃下反应4h合成的乳化剂具有较好的乳化效果;乳化剂用量为20%,乳化温度60℃,分散机转速为3000r/min时,乳液粒径可达1.026μm且分布较窄,乳液黏度适中,具有较好的离心稳定性和储存稳定性。     

磺酸盐型水性环氧分散体的制备与性能

采用氨基磺酸盐(IPDA-SO3Na)为亲水单体,聚醚多胺(D-230)为扩链剂与环氧树脂(E-44)反应制备了磺酸盐型水性环氧分散体。研究了E-44与IPDA-SO3Na反应的反应温度和时间、亲水单体用量、扩链R值分别对分散体粒径和稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着亲水单体含量的增加,分散体平均粒径变小,粒径分布变窄,黏度增加;R值增大,分散体平均粒径增大,粒径分布变宽,黏度降低。由此分散体制备的双组分水性环氧涂料的适用期较长(4h-6h),并具有良好的涂膜性能。     

水性丙烯酸改性酚醛环氧树脂的合成及性能

用琥珀酸酐对丙烯酸改性的F-44酚醛环氧树脂作进一步的改性,合成了一种具有光敏性的水性酚醛环氧树脂,研究了催化剂种类、反应温度及反应时间对琥珀酸酐转化率的影响,并考察了原料配比对改性树脂水溶性、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果发现,当n(环氧基):n(羟基):n(琥珀酸酐)=1:1:1时,以三乙胺作催化剂,在95℃下反应3 h,可合成能溶解于5%的Na2CO3水溶液的性能优良的水性酚醛环氧光敏树脂.     

水性环氧树脂制备条件对其粒径与稳定性的影响

采用环氧树脂E-51和聚乙二醇(PEG)合成了环氧乳化剂,制得水性环氧树脂,以激光粒度分析仪、高速离心法和贮存观察法分别分析了水性环氧树脂粒径大小与分布、离心稳定性和贮存稳定性的影响因素。结果表明:环氧乳化剂中PEG的分子量、E-51与PEG的物料比以及水性环氧树脂的制备温度、分散砂磨机转速对水性环氧树脂的粒径大小与稳定性有较明显的影响规律,但对水性环氧树脂粒径分布的影响基本无规律。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．