CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO五元渣系的电导率

 为了系统研究五元含氟渣系各组元对熔渣电导率的影响,根据5因素2次正交旋转回归法设计渣系,使用RTW-10熔渣物性测定仪,采用交流4探针法,测定了1600℃下各渣系的电导率;研究了各组元对含氟渣系电导率的影响。结果表明：当CaF2的含量(质量分数,下同)在10%~75%时,随着Al2O3和SiO2含量的增加电导率逐渐减小,而随着CaF2、MgO和CaO含量的增加电导率逐渐增大;在w(Al2O3)=20%、w(MgO)=10%和w(CaF2)=50%时,当w(CaO)小于7%,随着w(SiO2)的递增电导率逐渐减小,而当w(CaO)大于7%时,随着w(SiO2)的递增电导率逐渐增大;在w(SiO2)=10%、w(MgO)=10%和w(CaF2)=50%时,当w(Al2O3)小于11%时,随着w(CaO)的递增电导率逐渐减小,当w(Al2O3)大于11%,随着w(CaO)的递增电导率逐渐增大。     

CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO五元渣系黏度的试验研究

为了研究含氟渣系成分变化对黏度的影响,根据五因素二次正交旋转回归法设计渣系配方,使用RTW-10熔渣物性测定仪,采用旋转柱体法,在1 600～1 300℃降温过程中对CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO渣系的黏度进行连续测定;建立了1 600℃下五元含氟渣系黏度的回归模型,研究了各组元对熔渣黏度的影响.结果表明:当CaF2的含量(质量分数,下同)在10％～70％时,随CaF2含量增加,黏度减小,随SiO2、Al2O3和MgO含量增加,黏度增大,CaO易受其他组元的作用而对黏度产生不同影响;在w(SiO2)=10％、w(MgO) =10％和w(CaF2)=50％时,随w(CaO)增加,黏度先增大后减小,w(CaO)=10％时黏度最大.在w(Al2 O3) =20％、w(MgO)=10％和w(CaF2)=50％时,随着w(CaO)增加,当w(SiO2)＜20％时,黏度先增大后减小;当w(SiO2)＞20％时,黏度持续减小.     

高CaF2渣系温度及成分变化对电导率的影响

对由ANF-6演化而成的CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO渣系的电导率进行了测试研究,得到渣中各主要成分和温度对熔渣电导率的影响规律及影响程度,并经回归分析,得到了回归方程.研究结果表明,随着渣中Al2O3、SiO2含量的增大,渣的电导率不断降低.随着CaF2、CaO和MgO含量的增大,渣的电导率显著升高,...     

镍闪速熔炼新渣型的物化性质研究

金川镍铜渣中铁的还原性差、难以作为炼铁炉料直接入炉冶炼。提出了提高渣中CaO含量、降低SiO2含量为后续提铁创造条件的工艺设想,并利用FactSage计算模拟软件对金川镍闪速熔炼渣主要成分的相图进行模拟计算,通过试验考察了不同炉渣组分对熔渣物化性质影响的规律。结果表明,合适的新渣型为Fe/SiO2=1.5,CaO 10%～15%,MgO 9%。     

含碱高炉渣硫容量的研究

采用气-渣平衡法测定了1500 ℃时含碱高炉渣的硫容量.研究结果表明:实验条件下,w(CaO)/w(SiO2)为0.86～1.26时,硫容量随w(CaO)/w(SiO2)的增大而增大;w(MgO)为5%～18%时,硫容量随MgO含量的增大先增大后减小,在w(MgO)为8%左右时达到最大值;w(Al2O3)为12%～18% 时,硫容量随Al2O3含量的增大是先增大后减小,在w(Al2O3)为13%左右时硫容量达到最大值;在w(CaO)/w(SiO2)为0.86、0.96、1.06和1.16的条件下,硫容量随w(K2O Na2O)含量的增大而小幅度增大.     

CaO对FenO-MgO-SiO2系渣黏度的影响

研究了CaO对FenO MgO SiO2系渣黏度的影响。结果表明,适当加入CaO,可降低炉渣黏度,特别是当MgO含量较高时,作用更为显著。在Fe/SiO2为1 2左右时,只要加入4%左右的CaO,炉渣中MgO的含量可允许高达12%,渣熔化温度为1300～1350℃,其它性能良好,仍可满足熔炼过程的要求。     

FeV50合金浇铸沉降理论的应用及其影响因素

采用近似无限大流体重力沉降原理分析了多期法FeV50合金浇铸过程渣金分离及浇铸渣层钒的分布规律,考察了熔渣黏度、沉降粒度、浇铸温度、渣层厚度以及保温制度对渣中钒含量的影响.结果表明,浇铸渣中钒的赋存形式除了未还原完全的钒氧化物之外,还存在部分未完全沉降的初级合金;合金沉降速度随合金粒度的增加而增大,随熔渣黏度的增加而减小.1850℃条件下,当渣层厚度为50 mm,熔渣组分质量分数为65.2% Al₂O₃、15.5% CaO、14.6% MgO、1.9% Fe₂O₃、0.9% SiO₂时,粒径为100 μm的合金沉降时间及熔渣上浮时间分别为24.9和1.2 min.基于此,进行浇铸工艺优化试验,在渣层厚度35 mm,浇铸温度1900℃、熔渣主要成分质量分数Al₂O₃ 60%~65%、CaO 15%~20%、MgO 9%~15%、浇铸锭模保温层厚度9 cm的条件下,浇铸渣中平均TV质量分数由1.39%降低至0.58%.      

高炉渣钾容量的试验研究

为降低碱金属对高炉的危害,提高炉渣的排碱能力,采用气-渣平衡法测定了1 723 K时高炉渣的钾容量.依据广钢实际高炉渣成分,用纯化学试剂配制炉渣,用一定组成K(g)-CO-CO2-Ar混合气体提供一定的氧分压和钾分压.研究表明:试验条件下,w(MgO)和w(A12O3)一定时,钾容量随w(CaO)/w(SiO2)的增大而减小;在w(CaO)/w(SiO2)和w(A12O3)一定时,钾容量随w(MgO)的增大而增大;在w(CaO)/w(SiO2)和w(MgO)一定时,钾容量随w(A12O3)的增大而增大;当[w(CaO) w(MgO)]/w(SiO2)和w(A12O3)固定不变时,增加w(MgO),降低w(CaO),钾容量明显增大.广钢炉渣的合理成分为:w(CaO)/w(SiO2)保持在1.0,w(MgO)保持在12%～15%,w(A12O3)不超过15%.     

CaF_2渣系失重与成分变化的试验研究

针对ANF-6渣应用过程演化而成的CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO渣系,通过测定炉渣的失重量,建立二次回归正交设计模型,借此研究了熔渣的失重率与CaF2、CaO、Al2O3、SiO2和MgO含量的关系。结果表明:w(CaF2)由50%增加到65%,失重率大约升高6%,而且在相同的试验条件下,SiO2、Al2O3和MgO均可提高渣系的失重率,但随之CaO含量的增加,熔渣的失重率降低。此外,CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-MgO渣系在熔点附近由于渣系中氧化物与氟化物发生反应,造成炉渣急剧失重,导致氟化钙渣系成分不断发生变化。     

液态高铅渣还原过程炉渣熔化温度的研究

以PbO-FeO-CaO-SiO2-ZnO为基本渣系,探讨了液态高铅渣和实际还原过程中,当Pb含量范围在2.5%～50.0%,ZnO含量范围在13%～6%时,渣组分变化对炉渣熔化性能的影响。利用热力学计算软件FactSage 6.2计算分析了该五元渣系的低熔点区域及特定组分的熔点,并结合半球法实验室测定结果对其进行了验证。研究表明,当w(FeO)/w(SiO2)在1.5～2.2,w(CaO)/w(SiO2)在0.4～1.0之间时,炉渣的熔点随FeO/SiO2比的增大而升高,同时随还原过程中Pb含量不断减少而升高;渣含Pb及ZnO量固定,w(FeO)/w(SiO2)在1.6～2.0范围内,w(CaO)从10%增加到22%时,炉渣的熔点随CaO含量增大而降低;渣中Pb含量从50%减小到2.5%,w(CaO)/w(SiO2)为0.35～0.54,w(FeO)/w(SiO2)为1.2～1.8时,炉渣熔点均低于1150℃;TG-DSC和XRD分析显示,1500℃时高铅渣、中铅渣和低铅渣失重率分别为38.69%,21.62%和3.95%。PbO的挥发导致高铅渣和中铅渣的大量失重,生成Fe3O4和Ca2SiO4等高熔点物相,这是导致FactSage理论计算熔点值与半球法实验熔化温度测定值之间存在-40～150℃偏差的主要原因。     

高炉渣的冶金性能及造渣制度

针对唐钢高炉大量采用高品位、低SiO2含量、高Al2O3含量的外矿的特点,研究了在新的配矿结构下,炉渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)、MgO含量和Al2O3含量对唐钢高炉炉渣的粘度、熔化性温度、脱硫能力的影响.唐钢高炉合理的造渣制度为:保持炉渣温度稳定,碱度控制在1.10左右,MgO的质量分数控制在11%左右,通过合理配煤,适当使用部分冀东矿的方法尽量降低炉渣的Al2O3含量.     

Behavior of MgO·Al_2O_3 Based Inclusions in Alloy Steel During Refining Process

The transformation of MgO·Al2O3 based inclusions in alloy steel during refining has been studied by industrial trials.Besides Factsage software is used to study the formation and modification of spinel inclusions in alloy steel using calcium treatment during refining process.The results show that the transformation sequence of inclusions is:MgO·Al2O3→CaO-Al2O3-MgO complex inclusions→MgO·Al2O3,and under present experimental condition,in order to avoid forming MgO·Al2O3 inclusions the content of dissolved Ca in the molten steel has to reach 1×10-6.Also the results show that when more calcium was added to molten steel,the content of Al2O3 and MgO will be lower.Besides,increasing the content of CaO in the inclusions will increase even if the content of SiO2 changes little.     

Estimations of Electrical Conductivities in Molten Slag Systems

In the present paper, the electrical conductivities of molten silicates systems, CaO‐MgO‐SiO₂, Na₂O‐MgO‐SiO₂, CaO‐FeO‐SiO₂ and CaO‐MgO‐MnO‐SiO₂ (SiO₂ = 45wt %) were estimated by the mass triangle method developed earlier by Chou. The computed results are compared with other approaches found in the literature. The predictions show satisfactory agreement with experimental results reported in the literature. A correlation was also made between the cation‐oxygen ion attraction parameter I and the electrical conductivities of slags. It was found that the electrical conductivity varies linearly with I when the content of transition metallic ions is less than 0.2 mole fraction. Beyond this, the effect of electronic conduction is expected to dominate. On the basis of the present approach, the electrical conductivities of higher order systems can be estimated. The approach suggested in the present paper offers a powerful tool to design slags for applications in metallurgical processes.     

Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系性能的研究

对Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系的初晶温度、电导率以及物相组成进行了研究.研究结果表明:在该渣系中,随着MgO的含量的增加,渣系的初晶温度先降后增,当MgO的加入量为7％时值最低,初晶温度为1 497℃.该渣系中,随着MgO加入量的增加和温度的升高,渣系的电导率也随着增大,其中主要物相组成为MgAl2O4、C...     

超低氧齿轮钢非金属夹杂物控制热力学计算及应用

 利用热力学软件计算了齿轮钢氧含量与夹杂物成分的关系、夹杂物转变条件。结果表明,超低氧20 CrMoH钢中具有较高塑性的非金属夹杂物成分为：SiO2 0%~10%、Al2O3 22%~55%、CaO 42%~60%、MgO 5%~10%,与之平衡的时钢液中铝含量在0.020%左右,钙含量>0.7×10-6,氧含量在0.0005%左右;选择组成为CaO>40%、Al2O3≤37%、MgO10%、(%CaO+%MgO)/%SiO2为10、SiO2含量尽量低的渣系,钢中Al2O3、MgO•Al2O3夹杂物可转变为低熔点的钙铝酸盐。上述结果在工业试验中得到了验证。     

The Effect of MgO on the Viscosity of the CaO‐SiO2‐20 wt%Al2O3‐MgO Slag System

The viscosities of CaO‐SiO₂‐20 wt%Al₂O₃‐MgO slags (CaO/SiO₂ = 1.0–1.2, wt%MgO = 5–13) were measured to estimate the effect of MgO on the viscous behaviour at elevated temperatures. The slag viscosity at 1773 K decreased with increasing MgO contents, which was typical of a basic oxide component at relatively low basicity (CaO/SiO₂) of 1.0. The FT‐IR spectroscopic analysis of the slag structure seems to verify this behaviour. However, an unexpected contradiction with the temperature dependence was observed above 10 wt%MgO and above CaO/SiO₂ of 1.2. Although the apparent activation energy was expected to decrease with additions of the basic oxide component MgO, the apparent activation energy increased. This unexpected behaviour seems to be related to the change in the primary phase field correlating to the phase diagram corresponding to the slag composition. Therefore, in order to understand the viscosity at both high Al₂O₃ and MgO, not only should the typical depolymerization of the slag structure with high MgO content be considered but also the primary phases of which the molten slag originates.     

Thermodynamic Behaviour of Chlorine in CaO‐SiO2‐MgO‐Al2O3(‐CaF2) Slags

The solubility of chlorine in CaO‐SiO₂‐Al₂O₃‐MgO(‐CaF₂) slag was measured at 1673 ‐1823 K. By estimating the chloride capacity of slags, thermodynamic behaviour of chlorine in the molten slag was investigated. Chloride capacity increased with increasing CaO / SiO₂ ratio (C/S). An increase in MgO content decreased chloride capacity at C/S≥1.0 because it lowered the activity of Ca²⁺ which seemed to have strong affinity with Cl^? in molten slag. Also, the chloride capacity decreased with increasing Al₂O₃ content. The affinity between the Ca²⁺ and Cl^? ions was confirmed by measuring the infrared spectra of slags. The dissolution reaction of chlorine into slag was exothermic and its molar enthalpy was evaluated from the experimental results at 1673 ‐ 1823 K. Based on the result obtained in the present study, the quantitative prediction of chlorine distribution during the blast furnace process was performed. It was estimated that almost all chlorine in the blast furnace would be absorbed into molten slag even if the PCI ratio was increased or low quality coal with chlorine content less than 1.0 mass% was injected.