基于视频的烟雾检测预警系统在森林防火系统中的应用

运用数字图像处理技术,提出利用烟雾来识别森林火灾的思想,给出森林烟雾监测预警系统的设计方法。该方法对获取到的图像进行处理,处理后再提取可疑区域并对可疑区域火灾发生时烟雾的特征进行识别,主要包括烟雾的背景模糊度特征和扩散性特征,针对烟雾的这些特征设计了相应的检测算法,实现对视频中的烟雾图像的提取、检测并自动报警。分析结果表明,结合烟雾特征设计的烟雾检测预警系统具有较好的识别效果,在森林防火预警中有很强的实用性。     

雾天条件下基于机器视觉的森林火灾监测

基于机器视觉的森林火灾监测已成为森林火灾监测的一个重要发展方向。烟雾是森林火灾监测的重要指标。然而,诸如云雾和类似烟雾的诸多干扰物降低了火灾识别精度,为此提出了一种结合去云雾和烟雾检测的基于机器视觉的森林火灾监测方法。首先,提取视频中若干帧图像作为样本图像,采用基于Haze-Line的去雾算法对样本图像进行去雾处理。然后,利用基于Horn-Schunck光流法的烟雾检测算法进行烟雾检测,并利用最大类间方差法去除相邻2帧图像间像素质量差异对烟雾检测的影响。最后,利用扩散性分析进行火灾判断。仿真实验及对比分析结果表明,本文方法能够检测出烟雾区域随时间逐渐增加的趋势,从而有效地进行雾天条件下的森林火灾监测,具有更高的准确性和鲁棒性。     

基于CMYK颜色特征的火灾区域定位新方法

在森林火灾监测系统中,为了能够实时高效地定位森林视频监测图像中可疑的火灾着火点的具体位置,研究了将CMYK彩色模型下的火焰的彩色特征与遗传算法求最优适应度函数相结合,通过合理配置检测窗口邻域中颜色的M、Y、K各低阶矩特征在欧氏距离分类适应度函数中的因子,使森林监测图像的可疑的火灾点初定位控制在0.05s以内,然后通过火灾样本图像与初定位的可疑的火灾着火点的颜色互信息的计算和效验而给出准确的报警信号。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的火焰区域定位效果及运算效率并易于移植于前端探测的嵌入式火灾探测系统。     

基于图像型森林火灾无线远程监控系统

针对目前我国森林火情远程监控中长时间不间断监测、运行成本过高等问题,提出了一种基于Linux系统和AT91RM9200处理器为平台的森林火灾监控系统。嵌入式处理器通过安装在森林监测点摄像头获取图像信息,采用图像增强、颜色聚类等图像处理手段,提取图像的颜色信息及其闪烁频率特性,运用火情识别算法判断视频图像帧是否含有火灾火焰,如果系统判断火灾发生,将火情信息通过无线网络传送到监控中心,交由上位机的监测人员做进一步处理。     

早期油料火灾图像检测及识别技术研究

本文提出了一种早期油料火灾图像检测及识别算法。将火焰颜色、亮度及运动特征作为火灾检测与识别的判据,在火焰颜色模型和运动图像差分模型的基础上提出利用离散分形布朗随机增量场模型对早期油料火灾图像进行进一步的判定。模拟坑道实验结果表明,该算法能够有效提高油料火灾检测与识别的准确率,降低误报、漏报率。     

基于哈希编码的无线多媒体传感网络森林火灾图像识别算法

针对无线多媒体传感网络在森林火灾监测应用中存在的问题,提出了基于图像哈希编码技术的森林火灾识别算法。首先,建立森林火灾图像的图像库,提取火焰图像的一系列静态和动态特征, 通过哈希函数对其特征向量进行计算得到对应的哈希码,从而得到图像库对应的哈希码库。其次,计算被识别图像的哈希码,并通过计算汉明距离与哈希码库进行匹配,得出与其最相近的图像,从而得出是否有火灾发生。实验结果表明,该算法的火焰识别准确率达到94.12%,高于SVM、BP神经网络和稀疏表示的火焰识别算法,且减少了网络中因图像传输而产生的能量消耗,提高了网络带宽的使用率。     

HSI和区域生长结合的火灾图像分割方法

森林火灾图像分割是火灾特征和识别的重要前提,其分割结果将直接影响到火灾识别的准确率。针对常用的图像分割方法进行了分析,在此基础上提出了HSI模型和区域生长结合的森林火灾图像分割方法。该方法首先将原图像转换到HSI空间,提取图像中H、S、I分量;然后在原图像中选取种子,并对其H、S、I分量图像进行区域生长;最后对各分量区域生长后的图像进行合并,最终得出分割图像。并与常用分割方法仿真结果进行了比较,试验结果表明：该算法对森林火灾分割精度高、抗扰性好且应用范围广泛,对森林火灾分割、识别具有重要意义。     

基于烟雾动态特征分析的实时火灾检测

传统的离子式、光电式、吸烟式等烟雾探测器．需要非常靠近烟雾源时才能完成检测,不能应用于室外大空间、远距离等特殊场合的火灾监控系统中。提出了一种基于烟雾动态特征的图像型火灾识别算法。通过监测普通CCD摄像机拍摄的视频图像,进行运动物体的检测分割,分析图像帧中运动物体的动态特征,进而判断监控区域是否有火灾烟雾的发生。实验结果表明,该算法具有比较好的鲁棒性,能够有效地降低火灾监控系统的误报漏报率。     

无线传感器网络用于火灾监测的阈值算法

无线传感器网络的一个重要应用是森林火灾监测。本文提出了用于森林火灾监测的阈值算法,该算法基于数据融合技术。本文采用状态转换机模拟了火灾的状态转换过程,通过设置关键阈值来完成状态转换。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效的监测突发事件的发生。     

基于烟雾动态特征分析的实时火灾检测

传统的离子式、光电式、吸烟式等烟雾探测器.需要非常靠近烟雾源时才能完成检测,不能应用于室外大空间、远距离等特殊场合的火灾监控系统中.提出了一种基于烟雾动态特征的图像型火灾识别算法.通过监测普通CCD摄像机拍摄的视频图像,进行运动物体的检测分割,分析图像帧中运动物体的动态特征,进而判断监控区域是否有火灾烟雾的发生.实验结果表明,该算法具有比较好的鲁棒性,能够有效地降低火灾监控系统的误报漏报率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.