基于DEA的圆阵旁瓣电平优化方法

由于圆形阵列所具有的特性,使其正得到日益广泛的应用,但是圆阵方向图却具有相对主瓣较高的旁瓣电平。为此,文中针对均匀圆形阵列的天线单元,应用差分进化算法,分别进行唯相位、唯幅度、相位一幅度的方向图综合方法,进行旁瓣电平的优化。仿真结果表明：这些方法可有效地降低圆阵的旁瓣电平,为解决此类问题提供了有益的参考。     

考虑互耦影响的阵列综合

阵列天线综合一般是基于理想的单元天线方向图，而不考虑阵元间的互耦。本文提出了一种考虑互耦的基于遗传算法的阵列天线综合方法。该方法首先利用商用仿真软件分别计算阵列中各个阵元在阵列中的方向图，再通过遗传算法优化出目标方向图。通过实例比较可以看出，这种方法能够比较精确的仿真计算阵列的方向图，易于在工程上实现高性能的天线阵列系统。     

超宽频带双极化对数周期单脉冲天线

六个单极对数周期天线单元组成的轴对称圆形阵列天线,能在超宽频带内产生正交双极化的和、差方向图.首先从理论上分析了任意极化方向的点源天线组成的非相似圆形阵列的方向图,结果表明:圆形阵的直径满足0.25λ～0.5λ时,和方向图的Eθ分量-10 dB波束宽度约为130°～100°,可作为超宽频带抛物面单脉冲天线的照射器.以点源阵的分析结果为指导,设计了工作频率为1～8 GHz的单脉冲天线,并结合HFSS软件的仿真结果对阵列参数进行了优化.给出了圆形天线阵的驻波以及方向图的实测结果,在0.85～8.5 GHz范围内,照射器的驻波比小于2.5.     

圆形阵列天线在雷达中的设计及应用

基于圆形阵列天线特点,提出了一种多波束扫描方式。该扫描方式在最大化发挥圆形阵优势的同时具有了较高的扫描效率,可满足雷达发展的需求。基于耦合单元方向图,对圆阵方向图进行优化,计算结果表明方向图性能达到设计指标要求。该方法适用于任意形式单元构成的圆阵方向图综合,可以很好地满足工程设计需求。     

一种高效率圆极化背腔天线阵的设计

设计了一种新型单臂螺旋边馈阶梯喇叭圆极化背腔天线,天线单元由阶梯喇叭、单臂螺旋及圆形背腔组成.单臂螺旋采用准空气同轴线激励,给出了天线单元的轴比、驻波、方向图宽频带特性.提出单元旋转反相馈电方法改善了天线子阵轴比和极化隔离,同时解决了馈电空间狭小的难题.对阵列进行了加工测试,测试与仿真结果吻合.结果显示,天线增益、驻波带宽、轴比带宽和方向图性能优良,此种天线具有很好的工程应用前景.     

基于遗传算法的稀疏直线阵列方向图特性研究

针对直线阵列天线稀疏优化中的遗传算法进行研究,给出了一种稀疏直线阵列的优化模型,介绍了遗传算法的理论,通过算法仿真,对稀疏直线阵列的方向图特性进行研究.以方向图最大副瓣电平为适应度函数,得出结论:在稀疏阵列中阵元分布呈中心聚集态势,稀疏率、种群大小和约束条件等,均会对稀疏后阵列方向图特性产生影响;遗传算法适用于稀疏优化...     

圆形阵列天线方向图的分布函数优化方法

以离散有限长复指数和的计算为基础,讨论了二雏阵列的方向图问题.通过引入分布函数的概念,可知离散有限长复指数和为其分布函数离散傅里叶变换在1点的值.基于此结论,分析了二维阵天线阵元分布于天线方向图之间的关系:二雏阵列任意方向的方向图为其在该方向分布函数的离散傅里叶变换,该分布函数可通过统计其投影在该方向的临近区域处阵元数目获得.然后,通过对混合圆形阵列天线方向图的分析,验证了该关系的正确性,并说明了上述关系在分析阵列方向图的应用.在此基础上,进一步分析了阵元权重系数对方向的影响,发现该方法与通过改变阵列天线阵元分布的方法等效.最后,提出了基于分布函数的圆形阵列方向图优化方法,并通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性.该方法可通过改变圆形阵列阵元沿径向的权重系数使得其对应的任意方向的方向图与期望的窗函数近似.     

单元方向图对阵列综合性能影响分析

在阵列天线综合问题中,传统方法假设各辐射单元各向同性且忽略互耦效应。工程应用中这些忽略会给计算结果带来较大的误差。本文首先建立了天线单元方向图对天线阵列性能影响的数学模型,对阵列指向精度、目标方向图赋形等问题进行了仿真对比分析。为了克服由单元方向图带来的误差,将阵中单元方向图代入优化过程中,算例表明该措施的有效性。考虑了阵列边缘单元辐射特性差异对阵列性能的影响。仿真结果表明在优化过程中考虑这些差异可以进一步提高计算精度。     

基于有向阵元的圆形阵列方向综合

由于圆形阵列方向图所具有的特性,使得阵正得到日益广泛应用,但是圆阵方向图却具有相对主瓣较高的瓣电平,为此,,本文通过引入有向阵元适当选取其辐射函数有效地解决此类问题,仿真结果表明:有向阵元对圆阵方向图及自适应零点形成有明显改善作用.     

基于分形的低副瓣天线阵列研究

通过对Cantor集线阵及其补集、同心圆环分形阵的阵列因子方向图特性的分析,指出大间距的分形阵列方向图具有高副瓣的缺点,提出了通过分形阵列阵元的锥削密度加权和少量大间距单元幅度加权相结合的方法来抑制副瓣,改善分形阵的方向图性能,给出了两种具有分形特点的高效率、低副瓣阵列形式和实际测试结果,为分形天线阵列的工程化应用提供了思路。     

对一种圆形阵列天线的研究

主要分析了一种带有反射面圆形阵列天线。首先根据方向性增强原理，对一般性的不带反射面的圆形阵列天线进行了理论上的分析，计算得到了阵列天线各个阵元的配相，然后根据镜像原理，得到了在中心带有反射面时圆形阵列天线的辐射方向图、增益等天线的技术指标。最后对实际制作的天线进行测量，得到的结果与理论分析的结果相对比，天线在辐射方向上的吻合非常好，达到了设计的要求。     

双圈圆阵方向特性分析

研究了双圈圆阵在两种不同放置情况下的方向特性, 主要包括阵列方向图的指向、主瓣波束宽度和副瓣峰值电平等.首先, 建立了双圈圆阵的阵列模型, 推导方向图公式并推广到多圈圆阵的情况, 随后对其进行了理论分析.其次, 通过大量仿真实验, 分析了主瓣的半功率点波束宽度和副瓣峰值电平以及扫描角分别与内、外圈阵元数以及内、外圈阵元半径之间的关系.最后, 对理论分析和仿真结果进行综合梳理, 发现在阵元内、外半径之比为0.5左右时副瓣电平最低, 波束宽度会随着内圈阵元数增大而增大, 随外圈阵元数增大而减小等结论.实验结果可为实际工程应用中合理设置阵元数目以及阵元位置提供理论参考.     

Linear array of woodpile EBG sectoral horn antennas

A technique is described for creating linear array antennas that conform to the natural stacking sequence of the woodpile electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) material. Each element in the linear array consists of a woodpile EBG sectoral horn antenna. The electromagnetic confinement mechanism within each horn antenna relies wholly on the 3-D EBG of the woodpile material. The array element has a typical sectoral horn pattern with a directional beam in one principal plane and a broader beam in the other. The bandwidth of the sectoral horn is almost equal to that of the defect EBG waveguide. Measured and theoretical results for radiation patterns, impedance bandwidth and gain of a sectoral horn antenna made from alumina are described, and theoretical results for a design made from silicon are presented. It is shown that the layer-by-layer nature of the woodpile EBG material enables sectoral horn antennas to be easily stacked together in the E-plane to create linear arrays. Analysis of the mutual coupling as a function of element separation and its effect on reflection coefficient are presented for a two-element linear array in silicon. Theoretical analyses for fixed and scanned beam linear arrays of silicon woodpile EBG sectoral horns are described and finite-difference time-domain results are compared with array theory. The fixed beam arrays are designed for high directivity while the scanned beam array enables wide angle beam steering through the use of parasitic array elements.     

The application of a biquadratic programming method to phase onlyoptimization of antenna arrays

Antenna array optimization by a biquadratic programming method is formulated with variable-phase (analog and digital) and constant amplitude excitation. The method can optimize an antenna performance index expressible as a ratio of Hermitian quadratic forms. Power gain optimization and least-squares pattern synthesis with a specified gain are illustrated. Linear, planar, and circular arrays with dipole or circular loop elements are optimized, taking mutual coupling effects between antenna elements into account. The method shows much more rapid convergence characteristics than the Rosenbrock (1960) and Fletcher-Power (1963) methods     

电磁异向介质在阵列天线中的应用研究

为了抑制阵列天线单元的表面波,并减小阵元间的耦合效应,研究了电磁异向介质材料在抑制阵列天线互耦效应中的应用. 基于开口谐振环(Split-Ring Resonator,SRR)负媒质材料特性,将SRR结构单元加载于阵列天线之中,提出了具有互耦抑制效应的天线设计方法. 仿真结果表明：加载SRR结构单元后,天线谐振工作频点处的耦合系数降低了8.8 dB,即由原来的-16.3 dB降低到了-25.1 dB,而对天线阵列的增益和方向图没有太大的影响,可以满足工程的基本要求. 为设计低耦合的微带阵列天线提供了理论支持.     

Properties and applications of the large circular resonant dipole array

Large closed-curve antenna arrays have been a subject of research for many years and have been shown to have many interesting properties. The paper investigates some of the properties of such a dipole array when the closed curve is a circle. Recently, because of its unique horizontal field pattern, a 90-element circular array of this type has been proposed as a microwave beacon for the coastal navigation of ships and airplanes. In the design of these arrays, it is suggested that the array be rotated mechanically. The question arises: can the mechanical rotation be replaced by an electronic rotation? We show that electronic rotation is not possible for the 90-element circular array originally described, but is possible for a modified array. The subtle difference between these two arrays is clarified and a simple criterion is given for the general case. Also presented is the derivation of an asymptotic formula for the radiation pattern of a resonant circular array of N equal elements with only one element driven. Since the theory for such an array is complicated and involves numerous numerical difficulties, a simple asymptotic formula for the field pattern has advantages over other methods. The simple formula is shown to produce a vertical field pattern that is indistinguishable from its numerically calculated counterpart. Generalization to noncircular arrays is discussed briefly.     

一种圆形共形相控阵天线的设计与分析

矩形栅格平面相控阵天线经常受到圆柱形设备的约束,本文研究设计了一种阵元非均匀分布排列的圆形口径相控阵天线方向图,建立数学模型并对其进行了公式推导和计算机仿真。同时与同等规模的矩形栅格平面相控阵天线方向图进行对比分析。分析表明,前者的半功率点波束宽度要小于后者,主瓣能量利用更加集中,提高了扫描性能,辐射能量大致相同的情况下,前者所需要的阵元数要少,节约了成本。     

Parallel-series feed network with improved G/T performance for high-gain microstrip antenna arrays

A 16 x 8 microstrip antenna array with 28 dB of gain at 18 GHz using a parallel-series feed with reduced conductor traces is presented. The feed network connects antenna elements with about 50% reduction in conductor traces compared to conventional arrays with equal numbers of radiating elements. It also enhances the gain-bandwidth performance of the array and maintains a broadside radiation pattern in a wider frequency band. The full-wave simulation results are verified by means of measurements that demonstrate a relative gain-bandwidth of 4.4% with less than 1 dB of gain ripple.