方铅矿与黄铁矿浮选分离的矿浆电化学研究：Ⅲ.方铅矿与黄铁…

以丁基黄捕收剂的方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿体系，按照电位与可浮性的关系，两矿物在还原性矿浆电位浮选分离的电位差在热力学上仅为５０ｍＶ，而在动力学上达到了２０７ｍＶ。采用接触角测定、单矿物浮选、混合矿分离等方法，可以证实依据方铅矿表面丁基黄原酸铅和黄铁矿表面丁基双黄药的电化学还原动力学性质的差异，实现方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿的电化学浮选分离。     

方铅矿-石灰-乙硫氮体系电化学调控浮选研究

通过对方铅矿－石灰－乙硫氮体系电化学调控浮选的研究,充分利用石灰对特定矿浆电位的调控与稳定作用,增大硫化矿物之间浮性差异,未加闪锌矿抑制剂,实现铅锌硫化铁矿的有效浮选分离,不仅提高了选矿指标,而且简化药剂配方,大幅度降低药剂用量,使电化学调控捕收剂浮选在生产实践中成功应用迈出了一步．     

大气中SO_2对铜的腐蚀行为研究

利用三电极电化学电池和Cu/Fe双电极原电池对铜在含SO2大气中的腐蚀行为进行研究.通过电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线和电偶电流测定分析了金属铜在不同厚度液膜、不同SO2气体浓度条件下的初期腐蚀行为.结果显示:电极表面液膜越薄,金属铜的腐蚀电流密度越大;随着SO2浓度的增加,铜电极反应电阻减小,电极的去极化作用增强,Cu/Fe双电极原电池的电偶电流明显增大.     

海水凝汽器海优管与AL-6XN管板的电偶腐蚀

用电化学和失重法研究了不同介质条件下超级铁素体不锈钢管海优和超级奥氏体不锈钢AL-6XN之间的电偶腐蚀性能.实验结果表明:若采用AL-6XN作凝汽器管板, 海优作冷却管, 一般不会发生电偶腐蚀.     

钛表面处理对增强钛/瓷结合强度的影响

为了提高钛/瓷结合强度,通过不同方法对钛表面进行处理,研究了钛表面处理后钛/瓷界面组织及结合强度。试验结果表明,烤瓷前进行钛表面喷砂处理,对增强钛/瓷结合强度的影响并不显著,但对抑制钛/瓷界面裂纹的扩展起到积极作用;钛表面预氧化处理能够在钛表面形成一层均匀的氧化膜,使参与界面反应的TiO2增多,反应层增厚,但预氧化温度对钛/瓷结合强度有重要影响;钛表面磁控溅射Zr中间层能够抑制钛表面生成过厚氧化层,而中间层厚度对钛/瓷结合强度也有较大影响。     

酸性电解液中活性碳化钨的电化学阳极行为

本文论述活性碳化钨(WC)在酸性电解液中的电化学阳极行为。从实验结果表明:当电极电势低于800mV(vs.D.H.E.)时,碳化钨粉末对氢具有较强的吸附能力,体系中除氢离子化(HIR)外,碳化钨电极表面上来发生其它电氧化反应,具有较好的电催化活性和电化学稳定性,若电势大于800mV,碳化钨电极表面上将出现氧的吸附过程,碳化钨粉末开始发生电氧化反应,生成不稳定蓝色氧化钨;当电势高于1400mV时,碳化钨电极表面上氧吸附能力增强,碳化钨粉末进一步氧化成稳态氧化钨,且发生析氧或析氯反应。     

矿浆流变特性对钢球磨损规律的影响

探讨了湿式磨矿过程中矿浆流变特性对钢球磨损的影响规律.研究结果表明,矿浆粘度随矿浆体积分数的增大而增大,当矿浆体积分数大于50%时,矿浆粘度急剧增大.矿浆粘度是影响钢球磨损率的主要流变学因素,当矿浆粘度介于500～1 000 mPa .s 时,钢球的磨损率出现最大值.当矿浆体积分数较高时,添加化学助剂NaNO2,钢球的磨损率降低,磨矿效率提高.控制磨矿条件能改善矿浆的流变学特性,使钢球表面的罩盖层厚度处于最佳值,从而提高磨矿效率,降低钢球的磨损率.     

表面阳极化对7050铝合金电偶腐蚀的影响

为了研究表面阳极化对7050铝合金电偶腐蚀性能的影响,通过测定7050铝合金与TC18钛合金组成电偶对的腐蚀电流的方法,评定了7050铝合金与TC18钛合金接触的电偶腐蚀敏感性.结果表明：7050铝合金与TC18钛合金接触时会产生严重的电偶腐蚀,电偶腐蚀的敏感性为D级;而阳极化的7050铝合金与TC18钛合金接触产生的电偶腐蚀敏感性级别降低为B级,提高了表面抗腐蚀性能.     

镁合金与Q235钢在罐底水溶液下的电偶腐蚀行为

利用浸泡实验、电化学测试和微观形貌观测研究大榭油库罐底水模拟溶液下镁合金与Q235钢体系的电偶腐蚀行为,对比研究不同Sc/Sa (阴/阳极面积比)对镁合金/Q235钢电偶腐蚀的影响,探明Sc/Sa与腐蚀速率的关系,并拟合成曲线和表达式.结果表明,当电极阴极面积不变时,随着Sc/Sa的增加,镁合金阳极的腐蚀速率大幅度增加...     

300M钢与TC18钛合金接触腐蚀与防护

为了研究不同表面处理状态对300M钢电偶腐蚀性能影响,通过测定300M钢与TC18钛合金电偶电流的方法,评定了300M钢与TC18钛合金偶接时发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性.结果表明:300M钢与TC18钛合金直接偶合电偶腐蚀敏感性为C级,极易发生电偶腐蚀;300M经磷化处理后与TC18偶合电偶腐蚀敏感性为B级;对300M钢经磷化后涂底漆和面漆后可大幅度降低其电偶腐蚀敏感性,电偶腐蚀的敏感性为A级.     

Galvanic coupling and its effect on origin potential flotation system of sulfide minerals

The galvanic coupling formed in origin potential flotation systems of sulfide minerals can be divided into three types: sulfide mineral-sulfide mineral-water system; sulfide mineral-steel ball-water system; and sulfide mineral-sulfide mineral-collector system. In this paper, taking lead, zinc, iron sulfide mineral systems for examples,several models of galvanic coupling were proposed and the effects of galvanic coupling on flotation were discussed. A galvanic contact between galena (or sphalerite) and pyrite contributes to decreasing the content of zinc in lead concentrate, and enhances remarkably the absorption of collector on the galena surface. During grinding, due to galvanic interactions between minerals and steel medium, Fe(OH)3 formed covers on the cathodic mineral surface, affecting its floatability.     

Original potential flotation of galena and its industrial application

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Potential control flotation of galena in strong alkaline media

The electrochemical oxidation of galena in collectorless and collector flotation systems, particularly in strong alkaline media, was studied. The results show that, with pH value higher than 12.5 and potentials below 0.17 V, the oxidation products of galena are elemental sulfur and HPbO2^- . Elemental sulfur was present on the mineral surface in excess of oxidized lead species due to dissolution of HPbO2^- , which is beneficial to the flotation of galena. Under the same conditions, sphalerite and pyrite were depressed as a result of significant surface oxidation. Diethyldithioearbamate (DDTC) was found to be the most suitable collector for galena flotation in strongly alkaline media. The very potential produced hydrophobic PbD2-the surface reaction produet of DDTC with galena, is 0 to 0.2 V. Meantime DDTC can depress the surface over-oxidation of galena.Investigations also indicate that, in the range of - 0.9 V to 0.6 V, hydrophobic PbD2 can be firmly adsorbed on galena.     

Flotation behaviors of chalcopyrite and galena using ferrate(Ⅵ) as a depressant

This paper investigated the effects of potassium ferrate(PF) on the flotation performances of chalcopyrite and galena. The flotation results showed that PF obviously depressed galena, but had little effects on the floatability of chalcopyrite within p H range of 4.0–12.0. Zeta potential tests showed that the addition of PF induced the formation of more amounts of hydrophilic species on the surface of galena under an alkaline environment. Industrial grade O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate(IPETC...     

Theoretical study of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives as chelating collectors in flotation separation of galena and pyrite

Three 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives, 1-ethyl-2-mercapto-benzimidazole (EMBI), 1-propyl-2-mercapto-benzimidazole (PMBI) and 1-benze-2-mercapto-benzimidazole (BMBI), were designed and synthesized in the paper, and their collecting behavior in flotation separation process of galena over pyrite was investigated by flotation tests on lab scale. Apart from this, density functional theory (DFT) calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were also used to elucidate their collecting mechanism. Results of flotation tests indicate that separation of galena over pyrite is feasible at pH 10, and BMBI has the best floatability among three collectors. DFT calculations show that BMBI has the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy and strongest collecting efficiency. The adsorption mode of three collectors on mineral surface by MD method indicates that the combination processes of collectors with mineral are exothermic, and the higher the binding energy, the firmer the collector adsorbs on the mineral surface and the higher collecting capacity. The calculation results demonstrate that the floatability of three collectors follows the order: BMBI > PMBI > EMBI, which is highly consistent with the flotation tests.     

Influences of collector DLZ on chalcopyrite and pyrite flotation

The interaction mechanism of collector DLZ in the flotation process of chalcopyrite and pyrite was investigated through flotation experiments, zeta potential measurements and infrared spectrum analysis. Flotation test results indicate that DLZ is the selective collector of chalcopyrite. Especially, the recovery of chalcopyrite is higher than 90% in neutral and weak alkaline systems, while the recovery of pyrite is less than 10%. When using CaO as pH regulator, at pH=7-11, the floatability of pyrite is depressed and the recovery is less than 5%. Zeta potential analysis shows that the zeta potential of chalcopyrite decreases more obviously than that of pyrite after interaction with DLZ, confirming that collector DLZ shows selectivity to chalcopyrite and pyrite. And FT1R results reveal that the flotation selectivity of collector DLZ is due to chemical absorption onto chalcopyrite surface and only physical absorption onto pyrite surface.     

Effect of galvanic contact on the flotability of galena in the presence and absence of a collector

In this paper, the effect of various electrochemical environments in the galena flotation is investigated. The electrochemical environments consisted of a ball mill for grinding of galena ore and a Denver flotation cell for flotation of galena in the laboratory scale. In order to achieve the maximum recovery with sodium hyposulfite, the concentrations of 0.06 and 0.12 M of air and nitrogen gases have been used to control the pulp potential in the Denver flotation cell. The galena sample was from the “Era mine” which is located in the Kiyasar area, north of Iran. This mine contains: Galena (PbS) at least 22%, Fluorite (CaF₂) 73.37%, Quartz (SiO₂) 2.54% and other minerals such as Cerussite (PbCO₃) and Kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄). Flotation of Galena was conducted in a 0.12 M of sodium hyposulfite solution. It was found that the amount of recovery by this process was 85% and 63% in the presence and absence of potassium amyl xanthate (KAX) and at an estimated potential of 280 to 350 mV respectively while the recovery was 70% and 52% at an approximate potential of 175 to 210 mV in water in the presence and absence of collector (KAX).     

Depression behaviors of N-thiourea-maleamic acid and its adsorption mechanism on galena in Mo-Pb flotation separation

In present study, a novel organic depressant N-thiourea-maleamic acid (TMA) was synthesized and applied as a galena depressant in the flotation separation of Mo-Pb ores. The depression behaviors of TMA were tested through flotation experiments. A wider separation window for single minerals over 90.0% was obtained at 30.0 mg/L TMA, confirming that TMA could depress galena significantly, while effected molybdenite floatability slightly. An effective separation was obtained for artificially mixed minerals and actual Mo-Pb ores. The adsorption mechanism on galena was revealed by UV–Vis spectra, zeta potential tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, contact angle tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The zeta potentials of galena became more negative and the contact angle of galena dropped from initial 74.36° to 57.8° with 30.0 mg/L TMA depressant, inferring that TMA had adsorbed on galena surface. The analysis results of UV–Vis spectra, FT-IR and XPS gave further evidence that TMA might chemisorb on galena surface via Pb sites on galena surface and the thiourea group in TMA molecular structure, while the carboxyl group played a role of hydrophilicity.     

Relative floatability as a criterion for evaluating the separation performance of phosphate from iron

This work was aimed to study the relative floatability of phosphate flotation by means of kinetic analysis.The relative floatability is important to determine how selectively the phosphate is separated from its impurities. The effects of pulp pH, solid content, reagents dosage(depressant, collector and co-collector) and conditioning time were investigated on the ratio of the modified rate constant of phosphate to the modified rate constant of iron(relative floatability). The results showed that a large dosage of depressant associated with a low value of collector resulted in a better relative floatability. Increasing the co-collector dosage, conditioning time and pH increased the relative floatability up to a certain value and thereafter resulted in diminishing the relative floatability. Meanwhile, the results indicated that increment of solid concentration increased the relative floatability in range investigated. It was also found that that maximum relative floatability(16.05) could be obtained in pulp pH, 9.32, solid percentage, 30,depressant dosage, 440 g/t, collector dosage, 560 g/t, co-collector dosage, 84.63 g/t and conditioning time,9.43 min.     

采用有机抑制剂进行无石灰铜硫分离及机理研究

研究了在低碱条件下淀粉、焦性没食子酸、水杨酸、单宁酸、乳酸等多种有机抑制齐j及它们之间的组合物对黄铜矿、黄铁矿可浮性的影响．选择焦性没食子酸＋单宁酸作为黄铁矿的高效抑制剂,进行铜硫人工混合矿的浮选分离试验和实际矿石的铜硫浮选分离试验,该工艺与传统的石灰工艺比较,铜精矿中的金的品位提高1．24g／t,回收率提高7．74％;银的品位提高4．56g／t,银的回收率提高6．18％;钼的品位提高0．145％,钼的回收率提高35．29％．最后对其作用机理进行分析．