PE/PP共混物熔融接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)共混物接枝马来酸酐(MAH)时，引发剂(DCP)、接枝单体(MAH)和PP用量对接枝率的影响。结果表明，DCP与MAH的交互作用是影响接枝率的重要因素，在低DCP、MAH用量时，它们之间的交互作用并不明显，当用量均提高至一定程度后，且DCP用量为MAH用量的10％时，产物的接枝效率最高。在体系中加入适当粘度和结构的PP，可以获得接枝率变化不大，而熔体质量流动速率明显增大的接枝物。     

马来酸酐辐照接枝三元乙丙橡胶的研究

采用辐照技术,用马来酸酐(MAH)对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)进行接枝改性,测定接枝物的交联度和接枝率.分析了辐照剂量、马来酸酐用量以及阻交联剂用量对接枝物交联度和接枝率的影响.同时,采用正交试验优化了试验参数.结果表明,当辐照强度为0.3 kGy/h、辐照剂量为0.15 kGy、MAH与EPDM的质量比为0.025:1以及阻交联剂的质量分数为0.02%时,接枝率达到1.35%.     

不同接枝率的增容剂对PA66/PP共混物结构与性能的影响

用熔融接枝的方法以苯乙烯(St)作共单体将马来酸酐(MAH)接枝于乙丙共聚物VERSIFY(V)上,制得不同MAH相对接枝率的接枝物V-g-(MAH-co-St),用双螺杆挤出机制备了V-g-(MAH-co-St)增容的尼龙(PA)66/聚丙烯(PP)共混物。利用扫描电子显微镜、熔体流动速率(MFR)和力学性能等测试方法,研究了不同MAH相对接枝率的增容剂V-g-(MAH-co-St)对PA66/PP共混物形态结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,提高St的含量可以得到高MAH相对接枝率的V-g-(MAH-co-St),当MAH/St质量比从2/1变为1/1时,接枝率显著提高,继续提高St含量,接枝率提高幅度减小。V-g-(MAH-co-St)可使共混物中PP分散相的尺寸减小、分散均匀。当增容剂质量分数从0%增加到10%时,共混物的力学性能在总体上得到提高,MFR迅速降低;增容剂中MAH相对接枝率越高,共混物的弯曲强度越高,MFR越低,而缺口冲击强度相差不大。当增容剂质量分数从10%增加到25%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度大幅提高,且MAH相对接枝率越高,其提高的幅度越大,但拉伸强度和弯曲强度均明显下降,MFR下降幅度变小。     

EPDM接枝马来酸酐增韧聚酰胺6的性能及冲击断面形态

研究了EPDM接枝马来酸酐 (EPDM g MAH)用量对聚酰胺 6(PA6)性能的影响及PA6/EPDM g MAH共混物的冲击断面形态。结果表明 :EPDM g MAH分散相颗粒与PA6基体能形成牢固的结合 ,对PA6具有显著的增韧改性作用 ;当PA6/EPDM g MAH的用量比为 90 /10时 ,共混物的综合性能最理想 ,其常温 (2 5℃ )及低温 (-2 0℃ )下的冲击强度分别比纯PA6增大 64 8%和 10 6 6% ,而且具有良好的挤出和注射成型加工性能。     

一步法多单体反应挤出PP/PA6增容体系研究

采用一步法将接枝单体马来酸酐(MAH)和苯乙烯(St)、引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)与聚丙烯(PP)、尼龙6(PA6)、乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE)等混匀后在双螺杆挤出机中就地反应增容，详细地讨论了MAH／St／DCP用量和PA6含量对共混体系拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响；通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析了MAH／St／DCP用量及PA6含量对共混物的亚微形态、相界面的影响；通过红外光谱(FTIR)的结果分析对PP／PA6共混物增容反应机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：一步法添加MAH／St／DCP引起PP／PA6共混体系发生了酰亚胺化反应，生成了Pp—(St—MAH)—PA6接枝共聚物有很好的增容作用；PA6与基体PP的界面非常模糊，分散相的颗粒也变得均匀细小，约0．5μm，大大改善了两相之间的粘结；从而使得PP／PA6共混体系的力学性能有了较大的提高，PA6质量分数在20％，MAH／St／DCP添加1～4份时效果最佳，缺口冲击强度提高2倍左右，拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、无缺口冲击强度也有明显改善。     

乙烯-丙烯-己烯共聚物熔融接枝马来酸酐及其应用

在双螺杆挤出机上进行了乙烯-丙烯-己烯共聚物(KN)与马来酸酐(MAH)熔融接枝反应,在共聚物的分子链上引入了极性基团。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振谱(NMR)表征了接枝物的结构,当MAH质量分数为1.8%、引发剂DCP的质量分数为0.12%时,可获得性能优良的接枝物。经接枝改性的KN与尼龙6(PA6)的相容性明显改善,可以制备超韧尼龙,当KN的质量分数为20%时,PA6/KN体系的缺口冲击强度可达95kJ/m2,是纯PA6的16倍。     

PP-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混物的增容作用

采用熔融接枝法,考察了单体和引发剂用量对聚丙烯(PP)/马来酸酐(MAH)接枝物接枝率的影响。将PP-g-MAH作为PP/尼龙6(PA6)共混物的增容剂,并利用SEM、XRD、DSC-TGA和万能试验机等测试手段对PP-g-MAH增容改性PP/PA6共混体系进行了研究。结果表明,PP-g-MAH接枝物对PP/PA6共混物具有良好的增容效果,PP结晶得到细化,共混物的力学性能和耐高温性能得到改善。     

LDPE熔融接枝MAH及其增容PA6/LDPE合金的研究

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,马来酸酐(MAH)为接枝单体,采用熔融法制备了MAH接枝低密度聚乙烯(LDPE-g-MAH)。研究了不同DCP和MAH配比对接枝反应的影响,并以相对接枝率较高的LDPE-g-MAH作为增容剂,讨论了其用量对尼龙6(PA6)/LDPE合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:LDPE/DCP/MAH质量比为100/0.2/2时,相对接枝率较高,该种配方的接枝物可显著改善PA6/LDPE体系的相容性,在PA6/LDPE(质量比50/50)和PA6/LDPE(质量比80/20)两种体系中,增容剂的最佳用量分别为4~5 phr和2~3 phr。     

MAH接枝HDPE及HDPE-g-MAH/PA6共混合金的性能

采用熔融法制备高密度聚乙烯与马来酸酐接枝物(HDPE-g-MAH),并以此接枝物制备HDPE-g-MAH/PA6共混合金,通过调整引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和马来酸酐的用量来控制接枝率,并研究该共混合金的性能与接枝率之间的关系.结果表明:HDPE-g-MAH/PA6共混合金的力学性能、耐热性等均较纯高密度聚乙烯有很大提高,当质量比HDPE:PA6:MAH:DCP为60:40:1:0.3时,共混合金表现出较佳的性能.     

反应挤出制备接枝聚丙烯研究

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,利用反应挤出技术将马来酸酐(MAH)接枝到聚丙烯(PP)分子链上。详细考查了接枝产物的结构;MAH/DCP配比及反应挤出条件对接枝率的影响;接枝产物的流变性能。结果表明:在适宜的加工条件下,当PP/MAH/DCP的质量比为100∶3.5∶0.3时,可获得较高的接枝率。并且接枝产物的流变性能与PP一样为假塑性流体。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.