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中欧海上风电产业发展比较 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
相对于陆地风能,海上风能资源丰富,发电产能大,海上风电将是最有可能大规模发展的能源资源之一。欧洲是世界发展海上风力发电的先驱,从1991年至2009年,欧洲建设完成并投入运营的共有38个海上风电场,装机容量达到2056MW,其中一半以上的海上风电场是近5年建成的。欧洲海上风电产业拥有先进的核心技术,海上风电场正朝着大规模、深水化、离岸化方向发展,目前正处于示范阶段向商业扩展阶段的过渡时期。而我国虽然拥有丰富的海上风能资源,但海上风电产业的发展却比较缓慢,目前还处于研发阶段和示范阶段的过渡期,海上风电技术仍然面临着核心技术缺失、行业标准混乱、研发能力不足等问题。我国海上风电产业发展面临的主要问题包括:缺乏统筹;产能过剩、质量不高;难以盈利;缺少标准、无法推广等。为促进我国海上风电产业的发展,政府应进一步细化海上风能开发的有关规定,完善政策体系,统筹产业发展,采取多种措施推进政策具体落实;充分发挥市场作用,构建海上风电产品认证检测体系;提升核心技术含量,提高产品技术水平和工艺水平;加快培养专业人才。 相似文献
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2012年我国风电市场发展综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国风电开始从快速发展期进入稳步发展期,2012年风电正式成为全国第三大电源,但也面临着前所未有的消纳困难。与过去几年相比,风电增长速度放缓,风电设备制造企业产能过剩的问题进一步暴露出来。 相似文献
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张博 《能源技术(上海)》2011,(3)
2011年3月11日日本福岛第一核电站发生事故后,世界各国都重新审视本国的核电设施和发展规划,核电的发展将受到严重影响,全球的核电将进入一个后福岛时期。在后福岛时期,核电发展停滞带来的电力缺口将由可再生能源填补,风力发电将面临一次大好的发展机遇。近年来我国的风力发电产业发展很快,但也存在不少问题,主要表现在一些地方盲目发展风电产业,导致风电设备产能严重过剩、风电设备市场混乱,产品质量得不到保证,运行事故频发;表现在地方政府不顾当地条件把风电作为自己的形象工程,导致风电场运行效果很差。我国的风电产业必须给予整顿和改进才能保证健康发展,这些工作包括改进风电项目审批制度,防止地方政府盲目建设不合理的风电项目;加强质量管理的规范化建设工作;加大对技术研发的投入力度,重视专利储备;改变偏向最低价的招标模式等。只有在风电发展中保持清醒的头脑合理开发风电,同时整顿我国风电市场,加强风电设备制造企业的能力建设,我国风电产业才能长久、健康、稳定地发展,并成为风电强国,在世界风电领域中取得应有地位。 相似文献
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面对风电产业产能过剩、市场竞争激烈的困境,齿轮箱企业应抓住机遇,做好转型调整,与整机企业一同强化科技支撑体系,打好基础,促进产业健康发展。 相似文献
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自2011年开始,欧美光伏市场萎缩使我国光伏产业陷入困境,2012年下半年美国和欧盟对中国光伏企业展开"双反"调查更是雪上加霜。我国光伏行业的无序扩张导致过度竞争和产能过剩,致使企业利润大幅下滑。光伏产业遇到的困境其本质是传统加工出口模式的失败,问题主要表现为发展模式沿袭传统产业粗放型扩张的老路、在低端环节竞争过度、自主创新积累能力低和政府介入过度等。外部市场需求下降,国内市场又没有全面启动,使产能过剩的问题更加严重。地方政府在GDP驱动下的投资冲动是产能过剩的根本原因。我国光伏产业当前遇到的困难,既是严峻挑战,也是促进产业调整升级的契机,产能过剩是相对的,国内拥有巨大的市场潜力。国家已出台了一些政策和措施对光伏产业施以"援手",从长远发展来看光伏行业的前景仍值得期待。从短期来看,光伏企业应进行国际协调,积极应对欧美"双反";同时实行兼并整合,大力发展分布式光伏系统,加速启动国内市场。从长远来看,加强技术创新能力,加快电力体制改革,补贴方式从补贴装机改为补贴发电量、从补贴发电端改为补贴用户端,加快建设有利于我国新能源产业健康发展的外部环境,才是解决光伏等新能源产业困境的根本之道。 相似文献
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<正>国家发改委等部门2009年12月31日召开"抑制部分行业产能过剩和重复建设,引导产业持续健康发展"第四次部门联合信息发布会,国家能源局新能源司副司长史立山在会上透露,中国已经成立风电行业标准领导小组,由能源局科技司牵头。另外,中国还将成立一个国家风电研发中心。 相似文献
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弃风问题严重制约风电场的可持续开发与建设,急须开展区域风电消纳风险的评估方法。为计算消纳风险,文章基于风险理论构建了风电消纳风险计量模型,并对蒙西地区87家风电场2012-2018年消纳风险数据进行空间相关性分析,应用ArcGIS工具研究内蒙古电网风电消纳风险区域的动态变化趋势和特征。研究结果能够直观反映区域的风险水平及其演化趋势,为区域风电场科学规划提供参考。 相似文献
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In recent years, Chinese Government paid more attention to the exploitation of offshore wind power, and it became an important trend in the development of wind power industry. However, the development of offshore wind power in China was still in the initial stage. Compared with land-based wind power, the development of off-shore wind power had not only weaknesses and uncertainties, but also strengths and opportunities. In order to research the development of offshore wind power, this paper summarized the aspects on policy, market, technology and development planning of offshore wind power in China, and then adopted SWOT method to analyze the influencing factors, which impact on the development of China's offshore wind power. At last, this article analyzed the internal and external factors that affect the golden period of offshore wind power development, and drew a conclusion that the golden period of offshore wind power in China will come in the future, and most likely around 2020. 相似文献
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《Energy Policy》2014
As a new and developing green energy business in emerging economies such as China, the wind power industry chain faces some complex issues that are further compounded by turbulent internal and external environments. To deal with the complex environment, the wind power industry needs to improve its level of flexibility so that it can become more adaptable to the changing environment. Hence it is important to explore the dynamics of the wind power industry chain flexibility with respect to the ever changing environment. This study uses questionnaire surveys and expert interviews to identify the influential flexibility components of the wind power industry chain. Subsequently a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) methodology was used to establish a flexibility operating mechanism model. The research found that special attention should be paid to competition flexibility, technology flexibility, and intellectual property and talent flexibility. Policies play a pivotal role in regulating the driving effects of these components of flexibility with the aim being long term sustainability of a healthy level of overall flexibility of the wind power industry chain. This should in turn facilitate the sustainable development of the industry. 相似文献
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随着风力发电技术的不断发展,风力发电已成为我国重点发展的可再生能源产业。如何科学有效地选择风电项目,既关系到投资商的切身利益,也关系到风能的有效开发利用。文章利用层次分析法,在分析风电项目关键影响因素的基础上,建立多目标决策的风电项目评价模型,以帮助开发商选择合适的风电场项目,促进风能的开发利用。 相似文献
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我国风电产业虽然起步晚,但发展快,2012年累计装机容量已达7532×104kW,处于全球领先水平。然而跟随式发展思维导致风电开发应用模式单一,加之我国电源结构中适合调峰的灵活电源比重小,导致难以并网的风电数量逐年增加,限电"弃风"问题日益突出,影响了风电产业的可持续发展。必须打破跟随式发展思维的束缚,通过风电发展模式多元化,有效提高风电消纳能力,实现风电发展的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益"三个统一"。"非并网风电"理论突破传统观念,研究风电在不上网情况下如何高效、低成本开发利用,目前已在非并网风电直接应用于某些高耗能产业方面取得重大进展,进入科技创新的中后期。由于单台兆瓦级风机造价都在数百万元以上,建设大规模"非并网风电"应用产业化示范工程投入巨大,存在一定风险,需要多措并举:以政产学研合作为基础,打造大规模"非并网风电"应用产业化联盟;转变重生产、轻消费的传统思维模式,将财政补贴重心从生产端转向消费端,鼓励高效、低成本、大规模直接消纳风电;加大政策扶持力度,降低应用非并网风电的行业准入门槛。 相似文献
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《Energy Policy》2013
This paper identifies and explains how political and institutional factors have determined the relative successes and failures of China’s wind power policy over the period 2005–2011. It finds that China has made significant progress in pursuing its wind power policy in terms of cumulative installed capacity, wind turbine manufacturing industry development and wind turbine cost, and argues that these achievements can be attributed to the political motives and institutional arrangements of the Chinese government as well as to institutional changes. On the other hand, the paper finds that there are two prominent policy failures, namely the low proportion of grid-connected capacity and the rising trend of wind turbine incidents. These have undermined the efficiency and effectiveness of China’s wind power program. The paper holds that the institutional sources for the first policy failure lies in the preference for setting wind power development targets in terms of installed capacity rather than generation and in coordination problems while the second policy failure lies in the lack of state technical codes for wind power integration and the unfair competition from the large state-owned power companies. The paper contributes to the academic literature on the political and institutional roles in China’s wind power policy. 相似文献
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Rapid wind power development in China has attracted worldwide attention. The huge market potential and fast development of wind turbine manufacturing capacity are making China a world leader in wind power development. In 2010, with the newly installed wind power capacity and the cumulative installed capacity, China was ranked first in the world. In 2009, China also constructed and commissioned its first large offshore wind farm near Shanghai. Following earlier papers reviewing the state of China's onshore wind industry, this paper presents a broader perspective and up‐to‐date survey of China's offshore wind power development, making comparisons between the developments in the rest of the world and China, to draw out similarities and differences and lessons for the China offshore wind industry. The paper highlights six important aspects for China's offshore wind development: economics, location, Grid connection, technological development, environmental adaptation and national policies. The authors make recommendations for mitigating some outstanding issues in these six aspects for the future development of China's offshore wind resource. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献