欧洲风电发展现状（一）

为了保障能源安全、实现能源来源多元化,并应对气候变化,欧盟积极发展可再生能源。到2006年,欧盟可再生能源开发利用总量占其能源消费总量的比例已达到6．3％。风电在欧盟可再生能源中占据了主导地位,2005年欧盟风电装机容量达到了40GW以上,提前5年实现了2010年风电装机40GW发展目标。2006年风电新增装机容量在全部新增发电装机容量的比例达到了30％以上,累计风电装机容量已达到48．55GW,     

我国“十三五”光伏发电达1.5亿kW

正国家能源局正在编制的可再生能源发展"十三五"规划,光伏和风电的"十三五"专项规划将在可再生能源发展"十三五"规划后出台,光伏发电有望达到1.5亿kW。     

黑龙江可再生能源电力装机大幅增长

<正>近几年黑龙江省在风电、光伏发电等领域不断深化资源配置市场化改革,有力推动可再生能源发展,2016年全省可再生能源电力装机容量占电力装机比重26%。"十三五"期间将集中力量打造国家重要的千万千瓦风电基地和百万千瓦光伏发电基地,百万千瓦生物质发电基地。     

中国分布式可再生能源发电发展现状与挑战

本文系统论述了分布式可再生能源发电的特征和主要技术类型,并以分散式风电和分布式光伏为例,对我国分布式可再生能源发电的发展现状、面临的主要问题和挑战进行了系统分析,在此基础上提出了保障我国分布式可再生能源持续健康发展的政策建议。     

可再生能源电力呼唤智能电网

正当所有国人礼赞中国可再生能源电力发展成就的时候,风电、光伏发电等可再生能源电力的"含金量"却因受上网硬件的约束而陡然失色。据国家电监会最近公布的《风电、光伏发电情况监管报告》数据显示,2009年,我国已并网但未被收购的可再生能源电量达27.60亿千瓦时,未收购的电量主要来自风力发电,约占当年并网风力发电量的10%。2010年上半年,仅占全国发电装机容量2.46%的可再生能源电力中,仍有27.76亿千瓦时的风电被弃。     

风电光伏系统中的电池储能技术及其应用

随着可再生能源的快速发展,风电和光伏发电已成为清洁能源领域的重要组成部分。然而,由于可再生能源的间歇性和不稳定性,储能技术在风电光伏系统中起着关键作用。本文旨综述电池储能技术在风电光伏系统中的应用,并探讨其在提高系统稳定性、降低能源成本和促进可再生能源的大规模应用方面的潜力。     

大力促进可再生能源发展

近年来，可再生能源在世界范围内得到迅速发展，一些可再生能源技术的市场应用和产业，如光伏发电、风电等年增长速度都在20％以上，可再生能源已成为实现能源多样化和可持续发展的重要替代能源，尤其是近两年来，随着国际石油价格大的波动以及《京都议定书》的生效，可再生能源发展得到世界许多国家的广泛关注，成为国际能源领域的热点。     

国内可再生能源新闻

<正>综合类内蒙古发布《关于建立可再生能源保障性收购长效机制的指导意见》近日,内蒙古自治区人民政府发布了《关于建立可再生能源保障性收购长效机制的指导意见》。意见提出发展目标:2015年各盟市区域内风电限电率控制在15%以内,今后力争限电率长期维持在15%以内;2015年各盟市区域内太阳能光伏发电限电率控制在6%以内,今后力争限电率长期维持在6%以内;生物质能发电、水电等可再生能源发电原则上不限电。2015年全区可再生能源上网电量占全社会用电量达到15%,到2020年达到20%。制定可再生能源年度发电量计划指标,确定各区域可再生能源年平均利用小时数和各电站年度发电量计划。蒙西地区风电年平均利用     

国家能源局发布2018年可再生能源发展情况

<正>近日,国家能源局召开新闻发布会,发布了2018年可再生能源发展情况。相关负责人分别就可再生能源整体情况、水电建设和运行情况、风电建设和运行情况、光伏发电建设和运行情况以及生物质发电建设和运行情况等方面作了系统介绍。1可再生能源整体情况2018年,国家能源局以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义     

光伏发电的发展及其对电网规划的影响研究

根据国家发改委最新出台的可再生能源发展"十二五"规划和太阳能发电专项规划,明确光伏发展提出的明确发展目标;综合光伏发电标准、光伏装机、上网电价等相关信息的发展情况,分析光伏电源未来发展的机遇与存在的问题,并据此研究光伏发电迅速发展对电网规划工作的影响。     

Cooperation mechanisms to achieve EU renewable targets

There are considerable benefits from cooperating among member states on meeting the 2020 renewable energy sources (RES) targets. Today countries are supporting investments in renewable energy by many different types of support schemes and with different levels of support. The EU has opened for cooperation mechanisms such as joint support schemes for promoting renewable energy to meet the 2020 targets. The potential coordination benefits, with more efficient localisation and composition of renewable investment, can be achieved by creating new areas/sub-segments of renewable technologies where support costs are shared and credits are transferred between countries.Countries that are not coordinating support for renewable energy might induce inefficient investment in new capacity that would have been more beneficial elsewhere and still have provided the same contribution to meeting the 2020 RES targets. Furthermore, countries might find themselves competing for investment in a market with limited capital available. In both cases, the cost-efficiency of the renewable support policies is reduced compared to a coordinated solution.Barriers for joint support such as network regulation regarding connection of new capacity to the electricity grid and cost sharing rules for electricity transmission expansion are examined and examples given. The influence of additional renewable capacity on domestic/regional power market prices can be a barrier. The market will be influenced by for example an expansion of the wind capacity resulting in lower prices, which will affect existing conventional producers. This development will be opposed by conventional producers, whereas consumers will support such a strategy.A major barrier is the timing of RES targets and the uncertainty regarding future targets. We illustrate the importance of different assumptions on future targets and the implied value of RES credits. The effect on the credit price for 2020 is presented in an exemplary case study of 200 MW wind capacity.     

Analysis of the EU renewable energy directive by a techno-economic optimisation model

The EU renewable energy (RES) directive sets a target of increasing the share of renewable energy used in the EU to 20% by 2020. The Norwegian goal for the share of renewable energy in 2020 is 67.5%, an increase from 60.1% in 2005. The Norwegian power production is almost solely based on renewable resources and the possibility to change from fossil power plants to renewable power production is almost non-existing. Therefore other measures have to be taken to fulfil the RES directive. Possible ways for Norway to reach its target for 2020 are analysed with a technology-rich, bottom-up energy system model (TIMES-Norway). This new model is developed with a high time resolution among others to be able to analyse intermittent power production. Model results indicate that the RES target can be achieved with a diversity of options including investments in hydropower, wind power, high-voltage power lines for export, various heat pump technologies, energy efficiency measures and increased use of biodiesel in the transportation sector. Hence, it is optimal to invest in a portfolio of technology choices in order to satisfy the RES directive, and not one single technology in one energy sector.     

The UK offshore wind power programme: A sea-change in UK energy policy?

The British offshore windfarm programme presages the emergence of Britain as more of a leader than a laggard in renewables, the latter being the status it has hitherto endured in comparison to countries such as Denmark, Germany and Spain. Britain looks increasingly likely to exceed 20% of electricity being supplied from renewable energy by 2020, provided there continues to be adequate financial incentives for renewable energy. This turnaround is associated with increased British concerns about energy dependence on imported natural gas as well as pressure from EU legislation. However there are many planning pressures that countervail the drive for offshore wind power. British planning policy on offshore wind is distinctive (compared to other EU states) for its pragmatic, ‘criteria based’, approach that appears to favour offshore wind power development. The extent of the British offshore wind power programme is likely to depend heavily on consumer reactions to price increases caused by the offshore wind power programme.     

Supply of renewable energy sources and the cost of EU climate policy

What are the excess costs of a separate 20% target for renewable energy as a part of the EU climate policy for 2020? We answer this question using a computable general equilibrium model, WorldScan, which has been extended with a bottom-up module of the electricity sector. The model set-up makes it possible to base the calibration directly on available estimates of costs and capacity potentials for renewable energy sources. In our base case simulation, the costs of EU climate policy with the renewables target are 6% higher than those of a policy without this target. The uncertainty in this estimate is considerable, however, and depends on our assumptions about the availability of low-cost renewable energy: the initial cost level, the steepness of the supply curves and share of renewable energy in the baseline. Within the range we explore, the excess costs vary from zero (when the target is not a binding constraint) to 32% (when the cost progression and the initial cost disadvantage for renewable energy are high and its initial share is low).     

The effect of the feed-in-system policy on renewable energy investments: Evidence from the EU countries

We study the effect of the Feed-in-System (FIS) policy on wind and solar photovoltaic energy investments in the European Union (EU), over the time period between 1992 and 2015, considering the heterogeneity of the policies and market conditions across the EU countries. We develop a FIS subsidy performance indicator that distinguishes feed-in-tariff (FIT) from feed-in-premium (FIP) and considers other important aspects of each of these contracts, such as the duration, tariff price, energy spot price and production costs, as well as the market conditions. We conclude that the mere existence of the FIS policy does not necessarily enhance renewable energy investments, it depends on the type of the FIS contract and its features, and may vary across the different sources of renewable energy. Some of our findings are new to the literature and can have important implications in the development of new public investment incentives to promote renewable energy.     

Analysis of the EU policy package on climate change and renewables

In 2009 the EU decided to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at least by 20% in 2020 compared to 1990 and to supply 20% of energy needs by 2020 from renewable energy sources. This paper uses an energy model coupled with a non-CO₂ greenhouse gas model to assess the range of policy options that were debated to meet both targets. Policy options include trading of renewable targets, carbon trading in power plants and industry and the use of the Clean Development Mechanism to improve cost-efficiency. The models also examined fairness by analysing the distribution of emission reduction in the non-emission trading sector, the distribution of CO₂ allowances in the emission trading sector and the reallocation of renewable targets across Member States. The overall costs of meeting both targets range from 0.4% to 0.6% of GDP in 2020 for the EU as a whole. The redistribution mechanisms employed significantly improve fairness compared to a cost-effective solution.     

Study on electrical energy and prospective electricity generation from renewable sources in Australia

Nowadays renewable sources are being used as clean sources to generate electricity and to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The uses of renewable sources are being increased in electricity generation and contributed to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. The function of any electrical power system is to connect everyone sufficiently, clean electric power anywhere and anytime of the country. This can be achieved through a modern power system by integrating electrical energy from clean renewable sources into the nation's electric grid to enhance reliability, efficiency and security of the power system. The paper on the status of review the driving force of the generation of renewable energy and proposing electrical energy generation from renewable sources to be ensured at least 20% of total energy of Australia. This paper has been studied the existing electricity generation capacity of Australia from renewable and non-renewable sources. Optimal electricity generation from renewable sources has been examined. The environmental impact of electricity generation from renewable sources has been considered. Under this paper the yearly average wind data of past 20 years and above for some meteorological stations of Australia have been used. The prospective electricity generation from wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels has been proposed in the paper that will increase electrical energy of the power grid of Australia. It was estimated the capital cost of prospective electricity generation farms from wind and solar PV sources.     

New energy strategies in the Swedish pulp and paper industry—The role of national and EU climate and energy policies

The Swedish pulp and paper industry has gone through a strategic change in its approach to electricity production and consumption over the past decade. This paper documents this reorientation, which includes increased on-site electricity production, investments and investment plans for wind power, and new partnerships concerning investments in electricity production assets. We also assess the extent to which these changes can be attributed to key energy and climate policies. Our analysis shows that this strategic reorientation has been driven by changes in the underlying economic conditions for the pulp and paper industry, in particular increases in the price of electricity following the Swedish energy market reform in 1996, and the introduction of the EU ETS. The scheme for tradable renewable electricity certificates, on the other hand, has provided a new source of income. While these market-based signals and responses are the most dominant drivers of strategic change, cognitive changes in the pulp and paper industry have also played a role in the strategic reorientation. The cognitive changes concerning the functioning of the electricity market, i.e. the pricing of electricity and influence of the EU ETS, have been particularly important in this regard.     

Renewable power for China: Past,present, and future

This paper briefly examines the history, status, policy situation, development issues, and prospects for key renewable power technologies in China. The country has become a global leader in wind turbine and solar photovoltaic (PV) production, and leads the world in total power capacity from renewable energy. Policy frameworks have matured and evolved since the landmark 2005 Renewable Energy Law, updated in 2009. China’s 2020 renewable energy target is similar to that of the EU. However, China continues to face many challenges in technology development, grid-integration, and policy frameworks. These include training, research and development, wind turbine operating experience and performance, transmission constraints, grid interconnection time lags, resource assessments, power grid integration on large scales, and continued policy development and adjustment. Wind and solar PV targets for 2020 will likely be satisfied early, although domestic demand for solar PV remains weak and the pathways toward incorporating distributed and building-integrated solar PV are uncertain. Prospects for biomass power are limited by resource constraints. Other technologies such as concentrating solar thermal power, ocean energy, and electricity storage require greater attention.     

Renewable power for China: Past, present, and future

This paper briefly examines the history, status, policy situation, development issues, and prospects for key renewable power technologies in China. The country has become a global leader in wind turbine and solar photovoltaic (PV) production, and leads the world in total power capacity from renewable energy. Policy frameworks have matured and evolved since the landmark 2005 Renewable Energy Law, updated in 2009. China’s 2020 renewable energy target is similar to that of the EU. However, China continues to face many challenges in technology development, grid-integration, and policy frameworks. These include training, research and development, wind turbine operating experience and performance, transmission constraints, grid interconnection time lags, resource assessments, power grid integration on large scales, and continued policy development and adjustment. Wind and solar PV targets for 2020 will likely be satisfied early, although domestic demand for solar PV remains weak and the pathways toward incorporating distributed and building-integrated solar PV are uncertain. Prospects for biomass power are limited by resource constraints. Other technologies such as concentrating solar thermal power, ocean energy, and electricity storage require greater attention.