离子注入尼龙6的摩擦磨损性能

用高能离子注入机对尼龙 6进行N+ 注入改性 ,注入能量为 45 0keV ,剂量分别为 2 .5× 10 15/cm2 和 1.2 5× 10 16/cm2 。以ZrO2 及Si3 N4球为上球样 ,分别与注入尼龙 6下盘样组成摩擦副 ,在销盘摩擦实验机上评价它们在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明 ,N+ 注入提高了尼龙 6的摩擦系数 ,增强了尼龙 6的耐磨性 ,高剂量注入样品的耐磨性高于低剂量注入样品。未注入样品的磨损主要表现为粘着、塑性变形和疲劳 ,注入样品的磨损主要为磨粒磨损和塑性变形     

氮离子注入尼龙1010的摩擦学特性

用高能离子注入机对尼龙 10 10进行 N+注入改性 ,注入能量为 4 5 0 ke V,剂量分别为 5× 10 14 /cm2 、2 .5× 10 15/cm2 及 1.2 5× 10 16/cm2 。以 Zr O2 及 Si3N4 球为上球样 ,分别与注入尼龙 10 10下盘样组成摩擦副 ,在销盘摩擦试验机上评价它们在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明 ,几种剂量的 N+注入均增强了尼龙 10 10的耐磨性。未注入样品的磨损主要表现为粘着、塑性变形、犁沟和疲劳脱层 ,注入样品的磨损主要为轻微的磨粒磨损。     

质子注入聚酰亚胺的摩擦学特性

用能量为110 keV剂量分别为1×1014ions/cm2、5×1014ions/cm2、2.5×1015ions/cm2和1.25×1016ions/cm2的质子对聚酰亚胺进行注入改性。摩擦磨损试验表明,质子注入能够提高其耐磨性。但在不同载荷下,其摩擦磨损行为随着注入剂量的变化有所不同。未注入样品的磨痕内存在明显的粘着和划痕,而注入之后,粘着和划痕受到抑制,磨痕变得光滑。     

Ti注入改变钢表面摩擦性质的扫描电镜分析

文中讨论了以Ti注入H_(13)钢与轴承钢为摩擦对偶的磨损特性。注入能量为100、180和300keV,与其相对应的饱和注入量分别为1.4×10~(17)、2.8×10~(17)和5.5×10~(17)cm~(-2)。其表面浓度均达到1.5×10~(22)Cm~(-3)。TiC、Fe_2Ti和γ-Fe_2O_3相是用X衍射分析得出的。注入样品表面硬度有提高。Ti注入H_(13)钢的表面磨损特性有改善。并且发现随能量和剂量的增加粘着磨损降低。抗磨损特性增强。在高能量和高剂量注入时粘着磨损转变成磨粒磨损。最后,分析了改善磨损的机理。     

离子注入硅橡胶和聚氨脂表面改性的研究

研究了离子注入医用高分子材料硅橡胶,聚氨脂表面浸润性和白蛋白吸附性的变化。硅橡胶样品分别在40,60,80,100keV能量下注入N~+和Ar~+、注入剂量为2×10~(12)～2×10~(17)cm~(-2),聚氨脂样品在60～100keV能量下注入Si~+,剂量为2×10~(13)～2×10~(16)cm~(-2)。注入后的样品测量了水接触角和白蛋白吸附量。结果表明:随注入剂量增加硅橡胶表面与水的接触角从86°下降到59°;聚氨脂样品的水接触角从84°下降到69°。用傅立叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(FT-IR-ATR)研究了注入后表面的键合状态。发现离子束轰击打断了一些表面的化学键,在表面形成了一些自由基。对Si~+注入的聚氨脂样品作了顺磁共振分析,发现表面的自由基随注入剂量增加,强度增加。用扫描电子显微镜观察了注入后的表面形貌。     

离子注入聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔薄膜的改性研究

采用能量为 ( 10～ 35 )keV ,剂量为 ( 3 0× 10 15～ 4 8× 10 17)ions/cm2 的氮离子 (N+)对聚 ( 2 甲氧基 5 辛氧基 )对苯乙炔 (PMOCOPV)进行离子注入改性。PMOCOPV薄膜的电导率随注入离子能量和剂量的增加而迅速提高。当注入N+的能量为35keV ,剂量为 4 8× 10 17ions/cm2 时 ,PMOCOPV薄膜的电导率为 0 0 96S/cm ,比本征态的电导率提高了 7个数量级。通过超高阻测试仪研究了PMOCOPV薄膜表面电导率与温度的关系 ,发现N+注入PMOCOPV薄膜的电导活化能为 0 15 6eV。离子注入PMOCOPV薄膜的电导率的环境稳定性优于I2 和FeCl3 掺杂的PMOCOPV。对离子注入PMOCOPV薄膜的导电机理进行了初步探讨。     

聚(2,5-二丁氧基)对苯乙炔的制备及其离子注入改性研究

通过双醚化反应、氯甲基化反应以及在强碱性条件下进行的脱氯化氢反应,制备出新型光电功能材料聚(2,5 二丁氧基)对苯乙炔(PDBOPV)。采用能量为10～35keV,剂量为3.0×1015～4.8×1017ions/cm2的氮离子(N+)对PDBOPV进行离子注入改性。PDBOPV薄膜的电导率随注入离子能量和剂量的增加而提高。当注入N+的能量为35keV,剂量为4.8×1017ions/cm2时,PDBOPV薄膜的电导率为0.136S/cm,比本征态的电导率提高了8个数量级。通过超高阻测试仪研究了PDBOPV薄膜表面电导率与温度的关系,发现N+注入PDBOPV薄膜的电导活化能为0.155eV。离子注入PDBOPV薄膜的电导率的环境稳定性能优于Br2、I2和FeCl3掺杂的PDBOPV。对离子注入PDBOPV薄膜的导电机理进行了初步探讨。     

低能离子注入对聚苯胺薄膜的改性研究

利用低能量的N 对电化学合成的聚苯胺薄膜进行了离子注入改性 ,实验结果表明 :聚苯胺薄膜经N 注入后薄膜电导率随注入能量和剂量的增加而提高 ,电导率最大提高了 9个数量级 ,即由本征态的电导率 (>1× 1 0 -12 S/cm)提高到 1 76× 1 0 -3 S/cm(注入剂量 :3× 1 0 17ions/cm2 ,注入能量 :35keV) ;同时离子注入后聚苯胺薄膜在可见光范围的吸收比增强。     

铜离子注入马氏体不锈钢的抗菌性能研究

Cu离子由MEVVA离子注入机引出注入2Cr13不锈钢,采用60keV的能量、(0.2～2.0)×1017ions/cm2剂量。计算了60keV能量下Cu离子的饱和注入量。研究了2Cr13不锈钢在铜离子注入后所具有的抗菌性能,分析了注入量对样品抗菌性能的影响。抗菌实验结果表明,注入量接近饱和注入量时,样品具有最佳的抗菌性能。     

离子注入改性聚对苯乙炔的光学及电学性能

利用脱氯化氢反应制备π共轭高分子聚[2-甲氧基-5-(3′-甲基)丁氧基]对苯乙炔(MM B-PPV)。采用能量为15 keV~35 keV,剂量为3.8×1015ions/cm2~9.6×1016ions/cm2的低能氮离子(N+)对MM B-PPV薄膜进行离子注入改性研究。红外光谱显示,离子注入后分子的特征峰未发生显著变化,而在3442cm-1、1622 cm-1等处出现N-H键的振动峰;随着注入能量、剂量的增加,薄膜的紫外-可见吸收边向长波方向移动,π共轭高分子中激发态和基态间的光学禁带宽度变窄;薄膜的表面电导率随着注入能量、剂量的增加迅速提高,当注入能量为35 keV,剂量为9.6×1016ions/cm2时,表面电导率高达3.2×1-0 2S/cm,比本征态提高7个数量级以上。     

回转支承不同材料隔离体使用性能对比分析

隔离体是回转支承重要的基础件,为掌握工作参数对隔离体使用性能的影响情况,利用M-2000试验机研究了大型回转支承隔离体常用材料PA1010、HPb59-1与轴承钢GCr15配副时的使用性能,讨论了载荷、转速、润滑剂对PA1010和HPb59-1摩擦系数、磨损量的影响规律;通过观察磨损表面的微观形貌,分析了PA1010隔离体和HPb59-1隔离体的损伤机制和失效规律。结果表明：PA1010的摩擦系数小于HPb59-1,二者的平均比值为1∶1.27;PA1010的磨损量大于HPb59-1,二者的平均比值为1.51∶1。载荷、转速对HPb59-1摩擦学性能的影响程度明显高于PA1010。采用20^#机油润滑时PA1010和HPb59-1的摩擦系数、磨损量均低于采用2号锂基润滑脂,其中：PA1010的摩擦系数减小了46.2%,磨损量降低了28.7%;HPb59-1的摩擦系数减小了43.8%,磨损量降低了29.8%。研究结果为回转支承隔离体的机械设计提供了参考依据。     

Friction and wear of amorphous Ni-B,Ni-P films obtained by ion implantation into nickel

The wear and friction resistance of nickel surfaces implanted with increasing doses of boron or phosphorous was investigated, with a pin-on-disc geometry and a 100C6 steel rider, in air. The seizure resistance is drastically improved when the implanted dose is sufficiently high to give an amorphous Ni-B or Ni-P layer.     

碳纤维和二硫化钼混杂增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

以注塑成型法制备MoS₂和碳纤维混杂增强尼龙1010复合材料,采用MM-200型磨损试验机考察复合材料摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,MoS₂和碳纤维混杂可显著改善尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能,较小载荷下复合材料磨损以轻微磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主,较高载荷下复合材料则以热疲劳断裂剥落磨损为主。摩擦过程中MoS₂和对偶铁发生摩擦化学反应,生成和对偶底材具有较强结合能力的硫化亚铁和硫酸铁等,同时部分被氧化生成MoO₃。     

Surface physical and chemical changes of pure iron after molybdenum ion implantation and their effects on the tribological behaviour II: Tribological behaviour

The components of tribological systems are all quite sensitive to the surface chemistry and microstructure of the tribological material which may be dramatically changed by ion implantation. This paper is aimed at studying the effect of surface physical and chemical changes caused by molybdenum ion implantation on the friction and wear behaviours of pure iron. For this purpose, the wear tests of unimplanted and implanted specimens were conducted on an SRV fretting wear machine in air, at room temperature and with or without lubrication. The surface morphology, composition and chemical state of the wear tracks were also examined using electron probe microanalysis, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that the wear resistance of pure iron is largely improved by molybdenum ion implantation. Under dry friction conditions, the wear resistance of the specimen implanted with a dose of 3 × 10¹⁷ is increased to 2.8 times that of unimplanated pure iron since the anti-adhesion, anti-abrasion and anti-deformation abilities are improved as a result of the increase in microhardness. When liquid paraffin is used as a lubricant, the wear resistance of the implanted specimen is 4.8 times as high as that of the unimplanted one. This further increase in wear resistance compared with that for dry friction is mainly due to the boundary lubricating film provided by liquid paraffin, which reduces the adhesion between the wear counterpart and molybdenum atoms in the implanted specimen. When liquid paraffin plus sulphurized olefin is used as a lubricant, the wear resistance of the implanted specimen is 2.8 times as high as that of the unimplanted one. It can be seen that the increasing value of the wear resistance is lower than that of the sample lubricated with liquid paraffin. The reason is that the compounds FeS and FeSO₄ formed between the element of the wear specimen and the active elements of the lubricant in the wear process play an anti-wear role. However, the presence of a molybdenum element in the implanted specimen decreases the atomic ratio of iron, and thus decreases the amount of FeS and FeSO₄ and the wear resistance.     

Friction and wear behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced polyamide 6 composites under dry sliding and water lubricated condition

The friction and wear behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/CNT) composites under dry sliding and water lubricated condition was comparatively investigated using a pin-on-disc wear tester at different normal loads. The morphologies of the worn surfaces and counterfaces of the composites were also observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that CNTs could improve the wear resistance and reduce the friction coefficient of PA6 considerably under both sliding conditions, due to the effective reinforcing and self-lubricating effects of CNTs on the PA6 matrix. The composites exhibited lower friction coefficient and higher wear rate under water lubricated condition than under dry sliding. Although the cooling and boundary lubrication effect of the water contributed to reduce the friction coefficient of the composites, the adsorbed water lowered the strength of the composites and also inhibited the formation of transfer layers on the counterfaces resulting in less wear resistance. With the increasing normal loads, the friction coefficient of the composites increased under the dry sliding and decreased under the water lubricated condition, owing to inconsistent influences of shear strength and real contact areas. The specific wear rate of the composites increased under both sliding conditions.     

Friction and wear of ion-implanted metals—A review

A review is given of the current status of friction and wear testing with ion-implanted metals, mostly centred on ferrous materials. The changes in coefficients of friction measured under low speed conditions are ascribed to the modification of oxidation properties and to decohesion below the implanted layer due to implantation-induced damage. Wear tests carried out under pin-on-disc and crossed-cylinder geometries show that high doses (above 10¹⁷ cm^-2) of nitrogen and other ions reduce the mild wear rate on steels by a factor of at least 10. The beneficial effects of ion implantation continue beyond the original range of the implanted ions. This is consistent with a mechanism by which dislocations acting as traps for nitrogen and carbon provide wear resistance. Continued effectiveness against wear may arise from thermal or stress-induced migration of implanted atom-defect complexes below the contact region. High dose nitrogen implantation also leads to nitride formation and so hardness increases can be accounted for directly. For inhomogeneous materials such as cemented tungsten carbide it is more difficult to account for the improvements in wear properties. Nitrogen and carbon implantation is thought to reduce the plastic flow of cobalt and hence to decrease the wear rate of the composite carbide.     

氟化钙和炭纤维混杂增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦学性能和磨损机理

以注塑成型法制备了无机填料氟化钙(CaF2)和炭纤维增强尼龙1010复合材料,采用MM-200型磨损试验机考察了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明,CaF2和炭纤维的复合添入可显著改善尼龙复合材料的摩擦学性能。其中30％CF～10％CaF2-Nylon的耐磨性能比30％CF-Nylon提高近5倍,而摩擦系数降低了约1／4．CaF2和CF增强尼龙复合材料在摩擦过程中发生了协同效应,CF-CaF2-Nylon在对偶钢环表面上生成富含钙元素的连续薄转移膜。提高了转移膜和对偶间的结合强度以及复合材料耐磨性能．     

不同条件下石墨和炭纤维增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦学特性

石墨和炭纤维复合增强尼龙1010在摩擦过程中发生了协同效应，其摩擦系数低于0．12，低载荷下的耐磨性能比纯尼龙提高2个数量级以上；在400N载荷的水润滑下复合增强尼龙材料的耐磨性能明显优于单一炭纤维增强尼龙材料，比其干摩擦下耐磨性能也提高了1～2个数量级。对应水润滑下复合增强材料的磨损表面主要发生了轻微的磨粒磨损，炭纤维被磨平磨细；而干摩擦下则发生了剧烈的热疲劳剥落磨损。     

Role of micro/nano fillers on mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide66/polypropylene composites

The objectives of this research article is to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide66/polypropylene (PA66/PP) blend, graphite (Gr) filled PA66/PP, nanoclay (NC) filled PA66/PP and NC plus short carbon fiber (NC + SCF) filled PA66/PP composites. All composites were fabricated using a twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexure, and impact strengths were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The friction and sliding wear behaviour was studied under dry sliding conditions against hard steel on a pin-on-disc apparatus. Scanning electron micrographs were used to analyze the fracture morphologies. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the presence of NC and SCF fillers improved the hardness of PA66/PP blend. Further, the study reveals that the tensile and flexural strength of NC + SCF filled PA66/PP was higher than that of PA66/PP blend. Inclusion of micro and nanofillers reduced the wear rate of PA66/PP blend. The wear loss of the composites increased with increasing sliding velocity. The lowest wear rate was observed for the blend with nanoclay and SCF fillers. The wear rates of the blends with micro/nanofillers vary from 30–81% and lower than that of PA66/PP blend. The wear resistance of the PA66/PP composites was found to be related to the stability of the transfer film on the counterface. The results have been supplemented with scanning electron micrographs to help understand the possible wear mechanisms.