干砸、湿砸工艺对核桃仁品质的影响

核桃在我国广大地区种植,因其极大的食用和药用价值,成为我国重要经济作物之一。但由于核桃富含油脂,其果仁在贮藏过程中极易因为外界因素而发生酸败变质,导致其品质下降,甚至产生有害物质。本文以"晋龙1号"这一核桃品种为主要试验材料,通过研究干砸、湿砸两种不同去壳工艺处理的核桃仁,在贮藏条件相同情况下(室温25±1℃),其脂肪含量、酸价、过氧化值、SOD值、脂肪酶活性等生理生化指标的变化,找出经过干砸、湿砸去壳工艺处理的核桃仁氧化酸败与抗氧化物质的关联,了解核桃仁油脂氧化酸败的机理。     

从包装材料的角度探讨碗(桶)装方便面酸败问题的防控方法

酸败是指油脂的不饱和成分受空气中氧气、水分或霉菌的作用发生自动氧化,生成过氧化物进而降解为挥发性醛、酮、羧酸的复杂混合物,并产生难闻的气味.本文从三个方面分析了碗(桶)状包装对方便面酸败的影响,并对相关防控方法做了简明介绍,希望可以为实际生产提供些许帮助和指导,减少因包装问题而引发的方便面酸败事件.     

屏蔽紫外线LDPE透明包装薄膜的光学设计及其在油脂食品包装上的应用

通过透射光谱分析研究了自制可屏蔽紫外线LDPE透明包装薄膜的光学性质,并针对透明包装材料透光性对油炸椒盐花生氧化酸败的影响进行了分析研究,建立了描述其货架寿命的数学模型.     

包装材料透光性对油炸食品氧化酸败的影响

针对包装材料透光性对油炸食品(天津麻花)氧化酸败的影响进行了深入细致的研究分析,指出应选择透短波长光线较低的包装材料作为该类食品的包装材料,以提高其货架寿命.     

云南17种核桃仁主要营养成分测定及脂肪酸研究

目的选取云南17个产地的核桃仁为研究对象,测定核桃仁中的主要营养成分,并研究脂肪酸的种类及各脂肪酸的含量。方法依据GB5009.7—2016测定总糖含量,依据GB5009.5—2016测定蛋白质含量,依据GB5009.6—2016测定粗脂肪含量,依据GB5009.168—2016测定脂肪酸含量。结果云南17个产地核桃仁中糖类的质量分数为2.54%,蛋白质的质量分数为18.42%,粗脂肪的质量分数为66.44%,其脂肪酸多为不饱和脂肪酸,主要由油酸和亚油酸构成。娘青(漾濞)脂肪酸含量最高,质量分数为92.23%,曲仁1号(会泽会珠)脂肪酸含量最低,质量分数为88.65%。核桃仁中多不饱和脂肪酸n-6系列与n-3系列的质量比为8.49︰1,基本符合联合国粮农组织提出的推荐值((5～10)︰1)。所测脂肪酸中α-亚麻酸的变异系数最大,为29.41%,亚油酸变异系数最小,为9.89%。17个产地核桃仁中大沙壳(江川雄美)的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与饱和脂肪酸(SAF)的质量比值最高,为14.89,是降血脂作用最明显、脂肪酸性质评价最佳的核桃仁。结论通过对云南不同品种核桃仁进行测定分析可知,云南核桃仁的营养成分丰富,且有利于品种优选,具有深入开发及加工利用的价值。     

乳清蛋白膜对花生氧化酸败抑制效果的研究

采用乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)膜液对烤花生进行涂膜保藏,经加速酸败试验对比了涂膜花生和未涂膜花生的保鲜效果,考察了蛋白和甘油质量比、环境相对湿度和涂膜厚度对花生保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:乳清蛋白涂膜能够延缓花生的氧化酸败进程,当蛋白和甘油质量比为60∶40时,涂膜液具有更好的阻氧保鲜效果;相对湿度为53%和涂膜厚度为5层时,能够增强花生的保藏效果。     

核桃仁的复合包装袋

美国加里福尼亚州Sun-Diamond Growers公司以前一直用塑料薄膜和罐头包装带壳的核桃和核桃仁。最近,该公司在市场上试销其产品——用不透明聚丙烯袋包装的核桃仁,获得了成功,现在已畅销于美国东北部、中西部和佛罗里达州的23个地区。为     

坚果酸败的包装控制方法

坚果中富含油脂和蛋白质,易在氧气、光照等因素下酸败变质采用合适的包装技术,如高阻隔包装材料、真空包装、充氮包装、添加脱氧剂等,能有效的控制坚果酸败进程。同时,配合专业的包装检测技术加强如氧气透过率、密封性、氮气透过率等重点指标监测,能很大程度上避免保质期内坚果酸败的发生。     

霉变玉米的危害及防治对策

<正>地处中原,养殖业的比重占农业产值的百分之40左右,然而严重影响养殖业健康的霉玉米却不能忽视,玉米(特别是粉碎的玉米粉)极易发生酸败、霉变,不宜长期贮存,如对酸败、霉变的玉米去霉处理不当,用来喂猪则极易致猪中毒。猪对各种霉菌毒素最敏感,因此,霉菌毒素对养猪业造成的危害最大。玉米是畜禽能量饲料的主要原料,在畜禽日粮中所占     

山核桃仁鞣质叶酸-PEG修饰纳米粒的制备和性能研究

为了提高山核桃仁鞣质的肿瘤靶向性,增强其抗肿瘤活性,采用薄膜分散法制备山核桃仁鞣质叶酸-PEG修饰纳米粒,通过核磁共振、透射电镜等方法对纳米粒的结构、粒径和粒径分布、形态、稳定性、包封率以及肿瘤靶向性进行了初步研究。结果表明,山核桃仁鞣质叶酸-PEG修饰纳米粒平均粒径为166.8nm;包封率为74.5%,粒子呈大小均匀的球形;放置50d纳米粒粒径和包封率变化轻微,具有很好的稳定性;叶酸-PEG修饰纳米粒小鼠尾静脉注射后0.25,1和4h肿瘤分布分别为20.8%,36.2%和50.2%,具备明显的肿瘤靶向作用。     

Influence of cold-storage conditions on the quality of unshelled walnuts

In this work the influence of cold-storage conditions on unshelled walnut quality is studied. Quarterly, over a period of one year, the evolution of different walnut quality parameters has been analysed (kernel and whole walnut water content, faulty fruit presence, kernel colour, oil-free acidity, oxidative stability of the oil and fatty acids composition), in walnuts stored under two relative humidity conditions (40% and 60%) and three temperatures (3°C, 7°C and 10°C). The assays have been repeated for two consecutive years. It was observed that the whole walnut quality was maintained, for a period of at least 12 months, at 10°C and relative humidity conditions of 60%. With walnuts, cold storage at 40% relative humidity does not improve the final quality of the product, and causes a significant weight loss of dehydration. The tendency of the walnut kernel to darken depends on the variety and harvest or year.     

常温下MAP对红松仁酸价的影响

研究常温下MAP对红松籽油酸价的影响,为松仁的科学贮藏提供技术参考。研究结果表明MAP可以较好地抑制松仁的酸败,有利于保持松仁的贮藏品质,其中充入100%N2和100%CO2气体的试样在贮藏期间其酸价的变化相对一致,效果相对其他充气方式较好,建议在常温贮藏中使用。     

包装对松仁油脂氧化酸败抑制的研究

目的研究包装方式对松仁贮藏过程中油脂氧化酸败的影响。方法分别将松仁进行普通包装、真空包装、充氮包装、脱氧剂包装,监测贮藏期间松仁品质指标的变化规律,研究不同包装方式对松仁油脂劣变的影响。结果充氮、脱氧剂和真空包装松仁的过氧化值和酸价均低于普通包装,其中脱氧剂包装的过氧化值和酸价比普通包装的低52%,38%,充氮包装比普通包装的低46%,33%,真空包装比普通包装的低31%,16%。结论提高包装的阻隔性能够有效抑制松仁油脂的氧化酸败,改善储藏品质,其中脱氧剂包装和充氮包装的保鲜效果明显优于真空包装和普通包装。     

漾濞核桃区域品牌形象特色化设计策略研究

核桃是云南省高原特色化农业和高效林业发展的代表性产业,但是受到营销渠道发展的限制,云南核桃产业呈现产量不断增加而产值却逐渐下降的趋势。品牌特色化建设是突破云南核桃产业发展瓶颈重围、提升其市场竞争力、塑造良好地方形象的有力举措。本文重点研究如何将地域文化、时尚营销理念等元素融入到农产品品牌形象的建设中,进而优化漾濞核桃的品牌价值。     

Production of granular activated carbon from waste walnut shell and its adsorption characteristics for Cu(2+) ion

Production of granular activated carbon by chemical activation has been attempted employing walnut shells as the raw material. The thermal characteristics of walnut shell were investigated by TG/DTA and the adsorption capacity of the produced activated carbon was evaluated using the titration method. As the activation temperature increased, the iodine value increased. However, a temperature higher than 400 degrees C resulted in a thermal degradation, which was substantiated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and the adsorption capacity decreased. Activation longer than 1h at 375 degrees C resulted in the destruction of the microporous structure of activated carbon. The iodine value increased with the increase in the concentration of ZnCl2 solution. However, excessive ZnCl2 in the solution decreased the iodine value. The extent of activation by ZnCl2 was compared with that by CaCl2 activation. Enhanced activation was achieved when walnut shell was activated by ZnCl2. Applicability of the activated carbon as adsorbent was examined for synthetic copper wastewater. Adsorption of copper ion followed the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic aspects of adsorption have been discussed based on experimental results. The adsorption capacity of the produced activated carbon met the conditions for commercialization and was found to be superior to that made from coconut shell.     

基于生物质废弃物制备复合脱硫剂的研究

以生物质废弃物——稻草和核桃壳为原料,采用化学活化法制出活性炭,将制得的活性炭与铜盐溶液等体积浸渍,制备出复合铜基脱硫剂,并对其进行了H_2S吸附性能研究。研究表明:随着铜负载量和焙烧温度的提高,复合脱硫剂活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其中以核桃壳活性炭制备出的复合脱硫剂活性优于稻草活性炭,当铜的负载量为20%、焙烧温度400℃、焙烧时间1h时,其H_2S的吸附时间可达160min;SEM、FT-IR和XRD结构分析显示,核桃壳复合脱硫剂的颗粒明显小于稻草炭脱硫剂,且铜在核桃壳炭表面主要以铜氧化物的形式存在,所以核桃壳活性炭更适宜作为铜脱硫剂的载体使用。     

The potential for using walnut (Juglans regia L.) shell as a raw material for wood-based particleboard manufacturing

In this study, the suitability of walnut shell as a renewable agricultural residue for panel manufacturing was investigated. Particleboards containing different walnut shell particle ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100%) were made using urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of walnut shell (holocellulose, α cellulose, lignin and ash contents, alcohol–benzene solubility, 1% NaOH solubility, hot and cold water solubility), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of the particleboard were determined. The addition of walnut shell particles greatly improved the water resistance of the panels. However, flexural properties and internal bond strength decreased with increasing walnut shell particle content. The results indicated that panels can be manufactured utilizing walnut shell particles up to 20% without falling below the minimum EN Standard requirements of mechanical properties for general purpose use. Conclusively, walnut shell, an annual residue, could be utilized with mixture of wood particles in the manufacture of particleboard used for outdoor environments due to lower thickness swelling and water absorption.     

The potential for using walnut (Juglans regia L.) shell as a raw material for wood-based particleboard manufacturing

In this study, the suitability of walnut shell as a renewable agricultural residue for panel manufacturing was investigated. Particleboards containing different walnut shell particle ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100%) were made using urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of walnut shell (holocellulose, α cellulose, lignin and ash contents, alcohol–benzene solubility, 1% NaOH solubility, hot and cold water solubility), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of the particleboard were determined. The addition of walnut shell particles greatly improved the water resistance of the panels. However, flexural properties and internal bond strength decreased with increasing walnut shell particle content. The results indicated that panels can be manufactured utilizing walnut shell particles up to 20% without falling below the minimum EN Standard requirements of mechanical properties for general purpose use. Conclusively, walnut shell, an annual residue, could be utilized with mixture of wood particles in the manufacture of particleboard used for outdoor environments due to lower thickness swelling and water absorption.     

中花6号花生仁压缩力学性能及仿真分析

目的 研究3种成熟度花生仁在3种压缩方向下的力学性能。方法 以中花6号花生仁为研究对象,通过正压、侧压和立压等3种方向,对3种不同成熟度样品进行压缩试验,获得力学特性曲线,计算其弹性模量和抗压强度等力学参数;通过方差分析得出成熟度、压缩方向与各力学参数之间的关系;通过三维建模和有限元分析,比较试验值与模拟值之间的误差,验证花生仁压缩试验及有限元分析的可靠性及准确性。结果 在3种压缩方式下,测得3种不同成熟度的花生仁弹性模量为15.33~45.66 MPa,破裂力为45.5~153.4 N,弹性变形量为0.72~2.22 mm,抗压强度为16.25~47.94 MPa。成熟度对花生仁抗压强度和破裂力的影响极显著(P<0.01),对花生仁弹性模量和弹性形变的影响显著(0.01<P<0.05);压缩方向对花生仁弹性模量和弹性形变的影响显著(0.01<P<0.05),对花生仁抗压强度和破裂力的影响不显著(P>0.05)。结论 相同成熟度的花生仁,在立压方向下最容易发生破裂;花生仁属于各向异性材料,种脐部位为花生仁受力最薄弱的位置。