热水型双效压缩吸收式制冷循环热力分析

通过对太原地区中央空调运行费用的调查,得出热水型溴化锂机组运行费用相对较小。针对集中供热热水用于溴化锂吸收式制冷时的温度不匹配问题,提出在双效并联循环中增加一个加压装置的办法,通过补偿一部分电能以扩大双效循环对热源温度的适用范围,从而使得双效溴化锂吸收式制冷可以使用集中供热一次热源作为驱动能源。     

基于生物质斯特林溴化锂吸收式机组三联供系统能效分析

设计搭建了一套以生物质为一级燃料斯特林热电联产能源利用系统,并对系统中的双效溴化锂机组性能特性进行分析。该系统的斯特林发动机由生物质在大型燃烧炉中燃烧产生高温烟气提供驱动热量,烟气温度为600℃左右,发动机发电,换热后的烟气余热进入溴化锂机组制冷和供热,实现冷热电三联供。系统采用程序监测并采集运行参数,基于200℃左右烟气,计算分析比较单、双效及两级双效溴化锂机组效率和运行特性,最终确立使用两级双效溴化锂机组系统方案。     

利用第二类吸收式热泵回收地热余热的模拟研究

根据溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统的传热、传质平衡以及各部件的传热关系,建立了系统的稳态数学模型,分析了系统主要参数对系统性能的影响。提出了利用第二类吸收式热泵回收地热余热的方案;利用模拟计算得出了相应的设计参数。对第二类吸收式热泵系统的模拟分析以及仿真编写了软件,并且对设计参数下的机组系统进行了仿真模拟,以观察主要参数的变化对机组运行的影响。     

太阳能双效吸收式空调系统的研究

介绍了太阳能空调技术的研究现状,分析了太阳能溴化锂双效吸收式制冷机的工作原理,提出了采用直通式真空集热管、槽式抛物面聚光机构跟踪和聚焦太阳能加热产生热媒水驱动双效吸收式空调运行的技术构思,并对其结构、工作流程和推广应用进行了研究和展望。     

某住宅区冷热源型式的分析与比较

本文针对某住宅区设置集中式空调系统的要求,对风冷热泵冷热水机组、水冷螺杆式冷水机组＋燃油锅炉、由热电厂余热蒸汽驱动的蒸汽双效溴化锂吸收式冷水机组＋热交换器和燃气直燃型溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组等四种冷热源方案作了能耗和经济性比较,认为利用热电厂余热蒸汽为能耗的方案是最适合该住宅楼的空调方案。     

朗肯循环耦合双效溴化锂吸收式制冷系统建模及性能分析

为提高船用柴油机余热回收效率,利用MATLAB对朗肯循环及双效溴化锂吸收式制冷系统进行建模及热力学分析,确定朗肯循环热效率的影响因素及双效溴化锂吸收式制冷阶段中废气温度、高压发生器温度、低压发生器温度对制冷量和性能系数的影响。结果表明：朗肯循环最佳工质为水;升高初温、初压和降低背压可提高朗肯循环热效率;随着废气温度增加,双效溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的制冷量增加,制冷性能因数降低;随着高压发生器温度升高,制冷量降低,制冷性能因数降低;随着低压发生器温度降低,制冷量增加,制冷性能因数降低;应根据不同环境及场合要求,调整双效溴化锂吸收式制冷系统相关参数。     

回收循环水余热的热泵供热系统经济性分析

利用热泵技术回收电厂循环水余热,能够提高机组的热效率和供热能力,降低机组的冷源损失。从热泵制热性能系数COP出发,分析压缩式和溴化锂吸收式热泵的节能机理,并以300MW机组为例,在保证供热负荷不变的情况下,计算分析2种热泵供热系统的经济性。计算结果表明:溴化锂吸收式热泵供热机组的经济性优于压缩式热泵机组,整个供暖期间,获得的总节能收益比压缩式热泵供热机组高785.8万元。在乏汽利用方面,压缩式热泵供热机组的节水量要远高于溴化锂吸收式热泵供热机组,这对于某些缺水地区有重要意义。     

太阳能制冷与供暖系统的设计与比较

根据上海的气候条件，以上海地区某写字楼为对象，提出4种太阳能驱动的溴化锂吸收式与电动蒸汽压缩式热泵联合制冷与供暖系统。这4种系统分别由热管式真空管集热器或抛物面槽形聚光集热器，单效或双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机，以及风冷热泵或水源热泵构成。分析比较这4种系统的节能型和经济性的结果表明，采用抛物面槽形聚光集热器＋双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机＋风冷热泵组成的系统，同时具备较好的节能性与经济性，一次能源利用率可降低约50％。     

一种新的切换方式在某电厂循环水余热利用中的应用

<正>近年来,基于吸收式热泵的火电厂循环水余热利用节能改造不断升温,先后在内蒙古、新疆、山西、黑龙江等地区建设投产并取得了良好的运营效果。这种节能改造项目利用冷却循环水作为第一类溴化锂吸收式热泵的低温热源,而汽轮机的采暖抽汽为其驱动汽源。为提高运行的可靠性,无论是作为驱动汽源的采暖抽汽还是作为低温热源的循环水,均与两台主机相连,两台机组互为备用。     

双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的火用分析

双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的火用分析吴雁南京动力高等专科学校自从美国Ｃａｒｒｉｅｒ公司于１９４５年研制出世界上第一台大型空调用溴化锂吸收式制冷机以来，经过不断的改进、完善，目前这种制冷机在世界各地已得到广泛的应用。我国生产溴化锂制冷机在世界各地已得到广...     

Solar-assisted absorption heat pumps feasibility

An absorption system can be used for space cooling as well as for space heating. This dual purpose may be achieved by using the system as heat pump in wintertime. Absorption heat pump heating may be an interesting alternative, particularly for countries where there is a shortage of electric power.When an absorption unit is used as heat pump, its mode of operation is not modified: the internal temperatures of the cycle are only raised. Commercially available LiBr units were tested as heat pumps. COP and heating capacity were considered as a function of cold source temperature for different temperatures of the useful heat. The COP arrived at 1.7, which must be considered a high value for a thermally driven heat pump.Simulations were carried out in order to compare the performance of “conventional” solar, solar assisted heat pump and the combined series system under two different climate conditions. The series system showed performance 25–75 per cent better than “conventional” solar alone.     

Study on the start‐up characteristics of double‐effect absorption refrigerator driven by waste steam

Absorption refrigerators can be driven by waste heat. In particular, the double‐effect type of absorption refrigerator, which is highly efficient, is drawing a great deal of attention as a waste heat recovery system. This research examines the double‐effect absorption refrigerator driven by steam, assuming waste heat from the fuel cells is applied. In the start‐up of the double‐effect absorption refrigerator, the solution temperature is almost equal to the temperature of the air. Due to the large temperature difference between the solution and the heat sources, the solution is overheated. In the worst case, it will be crystallized. Additionally, some solution is circulated due to the existence of a pressure difference between the heat exchangers. If the solution pump is started before an adequate pressure difference is obtained, the absorption refrigerator cannot be started normally. To investigate these problems, a simulation model is constructed. An experiment is conducted to investigate the performance of this model. As a result, the validity of this model is confirmed and the detailed start‐up characteristics are clarified. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 29(5): 427–445, 2000     

太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷技术的研究进展

介绍了太阳能澳化锂吸收式制冷循环的工作原理和系统构成,具体阐述了该制冷循环的几种典型结构,包括单效、双效、两级以及三效涣化锂吸收式制冷循环,分析了各种制冷循环的优缺点以及目前研究进展;进一步讨论了太阳能澳化锂吸收式制冷机组的性能特点受冷媒水出口温度、冷却水进口温度、加热蒸汽温度、污垢系数及不凝性气体等诸多因素的影响;提出了太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷技术现存问题,最后指出,随着科学技术的发展和绿色建筑的兴起,太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷将会有非常大的发展前景。     

A mathematical model with experiments of single effect absorption heat pump using LiBr–H2O

A mathematical model of a single effect, LiBr–H₂O absorption heat pump operated at steady conditions is presented. This model took into consideration of crosscurrent flow of fluids for heat and mass exchangers, two-dimensional distribution of temperature and concentration fields, local values of heat and mass transfer coefficients, thermal parameter dependent physical properties of working fluids and operation limits due to the danger of the LiBr aqueous solution hydrates and crystallization. Improvements of the calculation method make this simulation much more convenient and efficient. An improved absorber experiment set-up and a complete absorption heat pump were built and tested for further study. It was found that the mass flux of vapor increased with the increase of absorber pressure, coolant flow rate, spray density of LiBr solution and decrease of coolant and input temperature of solution. And the vapor mass flux increased almost linearly with the increase of absorber pressure. Results derived from this model show agreement within 7% with experimental values.     

Computer modeling and parametric study of a double effect generation absorption refrigeration cycle

This paper presents as assessment based on steady-state thermodynamic analysis and computer modeling of a double effect generation absorption refrigeration cycle for solar air-conditioning. The system consists of a second effect generator between the generator and condenser of the single effect absorption cycle and two solution heat exchangers between the absorber and the two generators. A numerical computer modeling of a water LiBr system based on the solution of simultaneous heat, mass and material balance equations for various components of the system has been carried out. The influences of component temperatures and heat exchanger effectiveness on the cooling coefficients of performance and component heat transfer rates have been investigated to obtain optimum operating conditions for the proposed air-conditioning system. Further, the single and double effect absorption cycles are compared with each other as well as with an ideal absorption cycle operating over the same range of temperatures.     

Analysis of an absorption machine driven by the heat recovery on an I.C. reciprocating engine

The present work studies an absorption machine driven by the heat recovery on an internal combustion (i.c.) reciprocating engine. The thermal energy recovered from the i.c. engine exhaust is used to drive a double‐effect water–lithium bromide cycle, while the heat recovered from the cooling jacket of the engine drives a single‐effect water–lithium bromide cycle. The two absorption cycles are integrated into a single unit with a common evaporator and absorber. The absorption unit was first evaluated by a cycle analysis determining the sensitivity to the main boundary conditions and to the internal parameters. Then a specific simulation code of all the different devices of the absorption machine was developed to evaluate the real performance and size of the unit together with its operating condition limits. The absorption machine shows a coefficient of performance around 1, very close to the performance of a traditional double‐effect absorption chiller driven by steam or by a gas burner. The absorption unit could operate with cooling water inlet temperature lower than 35–36°C and refrigerated outlet temperature higher than 3°C. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine trigeneration system for marine applications

Shipping contributes 4.5% to global CO₂ emissions and is not covered by the Kyoto Agreement. One method of reducing CO₂ emissions on land is combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) or trigeneration, with typical combined thermal efficiencies of over 80%. Large luxury yachts are seen as an ideal entry point to the off-shore market for this developing technology considering its current high cost.This paper investigates the feasibility of combining a SOFC-GT system and an absorption heat pump (AHP) in a trigeneration system to drive the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and electrical base-load systems. A thermodynamic model is used to simulate the system, with various configurations and cooling loads. Measurement of actual yacht performance data forms the basis of this system simulation.It is found that for the optimum configuration using a double effect absorption chiller in Ship 1, the net electric power increases by 47% relative to the electrical power available for a conventional SOFC-GT-HVAC system. This is due to more air cooled to a lower temperature by absorption cooling; hence less electrical cooling by the conventional HVAC unit is required. The overall efficiency is 12.1% for the conventional system, 34.9% for the system with BROAD single effect absorption chiller, 43.2% for the system with double effect absorption chiller. This shows that the overall efficiency of a trigeneration system is far higher when waste heat recovery happens.The desiccant wheel hardly reduces moisture from the outdoor air due to a relative low mass flow rate of fuel cell exhaust available to dehumidify a very large mass flow rate of HVAC air, Hence, desiccant wheel is not recommended for this application.     

Performance of single‐ and double‐effect operable mechanical vapor recompression desalination system adaptable to variable wind energy

This paper deals with the development and operation of a mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) desalination system with improved energy efficiency in harnessing wind energy, which is non‐dispatchable. Its design, construction, and operation details are presented in this paper. Especially, the main focus of developing the system was on the operation of the system in conjunction with variable loads of new and renewable power sources, in particular, varying wind power. That is, the present work has been carried out to assess the feasibility of its operation in light of capacity modulation to match the power generated under various wind speeds. Optimal operation modes of the system were studied, in which single‐ and double‐effect operations were analyzed for their improvement in energy efficiency. The compression ratio of the proposed MVR system was 1.55 at an inverter speed of 55 Hz, which agreed well with its design value. Operation of the main heat exchanger remained stable within the limits of its operable range, although the temperature differences in the main heat exchanger did not remain constant because of the pressure variations in the evaporator. The daily freshwater yield was between 28 and 51 tons. The power consumption per ton of freshwater produced was about 43 kW for a single effect and about 23 kW for a double effect, which is about twice as efficient.     

Theoretical analysis of LiBr/H2O absorption refrigeration systems

A computational model is developed for the parametric investigation of single‐effect and series flow double‐effect LiBr/H₂O absorption refrigeration systems. The effects of generator, absorber, condenser, evaporator and dead state temperatures are examined on the performance of these systems. The parameters computed are coefficient of performance (COP), exergy destruction rates, thermal exergy loss rates, irreversibility and exergetic efficiency. The results indicate that COP and exergetic efficiency of both the systems increase with increase in the generator temperature. There exist different optimum values of generator temperature for maximum COP and maximum exergetic efficiency. The optimum generator temperature is lower corresponding to maximum exergetic efficiency as compared to optimum generator temperature corresponding to maximum COP. The effect of increase in absorber, condenser and evaporator temperatures is to decrease the exergetic efficiency of both the systems. The irreversibility is highest in absorber in both systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.