基于IGA-SVM的变压器多级故障诊断

针对传统的基于支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)的变压器故障诊断中变压器的故障特征和SVM参数难以确定的问题,本文提出了一种基于改进遗传算法(improved genetic algorithm, IGA)和SVM的变压器故障诊断模型。该方法以SVM作为分类器,以常用故障诊断方法的20中特征量作为初始特征集合,采用二进制方式将变压器的故障特征和SVM的参数编码到同一条染色体,利用改进遗传算法对变压器的故障特征和分类器的参数进行联合优化。因为变压器的故障特征和SVM的参数是互相影响的,因此对两者做一个联合优化是比较合理的方案。然后依据最优故障特征和最优参数进行模型训练,利用训练好的模型对测试集进行诊断。仿真结果表明所提方法具有较高的故障诊断准确率。     

一种变压器故障诊断新方法

提出一个基于欧氏聚类（Euclidean Clustering,EC）和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）的变压器故障诊断模型及其求解步骤。选择典型油中气体作为模型的输入参数,按照变压器常见的13种故障类型,利用训练集样本数据建立基于EC和SVM多分类的组合故障诊断模型。通过与其他组合诊断的方法进行比较证明了该模型的有效性。     

基于PSO和SVM的牵引变压器绝缘故障诊断

为提高牵引变压器绝缘故障诊断的正确性,在分析其负荷特征和特征气体产生机理的基础上,针对其故障特点提出基于粒子群优化（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）算法和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）的牵引变压器绝缘故障诊断方法.根据罗杰斯比值法将变压器状态分为12种故障模式;用PSO算法优化SVM参数,充分发挥SVM具有较高泛化能力的优势.试验表明该方法能快速、准确地找到相应的优化参数,有效进行牵引变压器绝缘的故障诊断.     

基于HMM-SVM的模拟电路早期故障诊断

针对模拟电路在故障预测与健康管理（PHM）系统中早期故障识别率不高的问题,提出了一种基于隐马尔科夫模型（HMM）和支持向量机（SVM）相结合的模拟电路故障诊断方法,利用HMM对动态连续信号的较强识别能力和SVM良好的模式分类能力解决模拟电路早期故障诊断问题。采用主成分分析（PCA）和K-means聚类算法对故障数据进行数据降维和特征提取,建立HMM与 SVM相结合的诊断模型进行故障诊断。仿真实验表明,HMM-SVM能很好地识别模拟电路早期故障,并对模拟电路中元件小范围参数变化的状态识别,相较单一HMM模型具有更高的准确率。     

电力变压器故障预测与诊断仿真研究

电力变压器是电力系统的主要设备,对故障准确预测是保证运行安全的前提.研究电力变压器故障诊断问题,针对传统支持向量机参数寻优方法在诊断中往往费时而且得到的参数不一定最优,导致识别精度低,为了提高变压器故障识别精度,提出一种用粒子群优化支持向量机参数(PSO-SVM)的变压器故障诊断方法.在变压器故障诊断过程中,将变压器油中溶解气体作支持向量机输入,故障作为输出,在故障诊断的过程中利用粒子群算法动态调整支持向量机的参数,最后得到优化变压器故障诊断模型.以某地区供电局的变压器故障数据为例进行了仿真,实验结果证明,PSO-SVM的故障诊断识别精度高,是一种有效性、高精度的变压器故障诊断方法,为实际应用提供了依据.     

基于支持向量机的机载吊舱故障诊断优化算法

提升机载吊舱的后勤保障能力,适应吊舱测试中多型号、多故障类型和测试环境动态变化的测试要求,是打赢现代化战争的重要保障。支持向量机（SVM）算法适用于小样本、高维度、非线性分类问题,SVM相关参数是影响算法性能的重要因素。基于K-CV算法和粒子群算法两种改进的SVM模型可以实现SVM参数优化,K-CV算法可以交叉验证优化模型参数,粒子群算法可以对SVM参数进行动态寻优,建立多核SVM吊舱故障诊断模型。两种算法都可以提高吊舱故障诊断模型的准确率,提高模型的学习能力和泛化能力,有效对吊舱的故障进行定量和定位诊断。     

基于SSA-AdaBoost-SVM的变压器故障诊断

针对支持向量机(SVM)诊断变压器故障的效果不稳定的问题,利用Ada Boost集成算法对其强化,得到的AdaBoost-SVM模型诊断结果比较稳定,但准确度依然有待提高。因此,提出利用麻雀搜索算法(SSA)对Ada Boost-SVM模型进行优化,指定其弱分类器权重αt、SVM惩罚因子c和核参数g的寻优范围,使用SSA对三种参数在指定的寻优范围内寻优,提高模型的准确率。将提出的SSA-AdaBoost-SVM变压器故障诊断模型与PSO-SVM、SSA-SVM、AdaBoost-SVM、AdaBoost-SSA-SVM和PSO-AdaBoost-SVM五种模型对比,提出的模型具有更高的准确率和稳定性,平均准确率可达91.58%。实验结果表明,提出的SSA-AdaBoost-SVM变压器故障诊断模型具有更好的表现。     

改进AFSA算法优化SVM的变压器故障诊断

提出一种基于改进人工鱼群算法优化支持向量机（SVM）的变压器故障诊断方法。首先对基本人工鱼群算法进行改进,引入柯西变异优化觅食行为,并在算法的迭代过程中利用鱼群搜索到的信息和[t]分布变异的特点,对劣质个体鱼进行消亡与重生,提高鱼群算法的寻优效率和求解精度。然后,利用改进的人工鱼群算法优化SVM的核函数参数及惩罚系数,使SVM分类器获得最佳的分类精度。最后采用决策导向无环图（DDAG）方法建立变压器故障诊断SVM多分类决策模型。通过仿真实验将提出的方法与网格搜索法Grid-SVM、GA-SVM、PSO-SVM比较,所建模型具有更高的诊断正确率。     

基于改进粒子群优化的SVM故障诊断方法

针对支持向量机(SVM)分类模型参数选取困难的问题,提出基于遗传免疫的改进粒子群优化算法,克服传统粒子群算法前期收敛快、后期易陷入局部最优的缺陷。将该算法与优化支持向量机分类模型相结合,建立基于遗传免疫粒子群和支持向量机的诊断模型,并用于轴承故障诊断中。结果表明,基于遗传免疫粒子群算法优化的SVM可实现对SVM分类模型参数的自动优化,并能提高SVM分类模型的故障诊断精度,对分散程度较大、聚类性较差的故障样本分类有较强的适用性。     

基于改进模糊聚类和支持向量机的模拟电路故障诊断

为解决神经网络训练需要大量的样本,且容易陷入局部最优,收敛速度慢等缺点,采用改进模糊聚类(IFC)和支持向量机(SVM)相结合的模拟电路故障诊断方法.利用小波分解技术提取待诊断电路的测试信息作为故障特征,在模糊聚类算法中为消除孤立点和噪声的影响,对不同样本点引入权值以提高聚类效果,结合改进的模糊聚类算法进一步降低故障特征的维数,将其作为支持向量机的输入量,进行模型训练并预测模拟电路的故障.仿真结果表明,此方法应用于电路故障诊断有效削减计算复杂度并提高了诊断精度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.