碲镉汞p-on-n长波异质结探测器材料的制备研究

报道了碲镉汞p+-on-n长波双层异质结材料和异质结台面器件的研究结果,重点研究了p+-on-n型双层异质结材料制备技术。通过水平滑舟富碲液相外延生长的方法在碲锌镉衬底上原位生长In掺杂碲镉汞n型吸收层材料,然后再采用富汞垂直液相外延技术制备p型As原位掺杂的碲镉汞cap层材料,从而获得p+-on-n型双层异质结材料,并通过湿法腐蚀、台面刻蚀以及钝化等工艺得到碲镉汞 p+-on-n长波异质结台面型器件。p+-on-n异质结器件结构可以有效克服少子寿命偏低等问题,在长波及甚长波波段具有更低的暗电流和更高的R0A值,这对于解决目前长波碲镉汞红外探测器暗电流大、结阻抗低的问题,提高长波及甚长波波段碲镉汞红外焦平面器件的性能具有重要的意义。     

微电子学、集成电路

TN42005040348碲镉汞p+-on-n长波异质结探测器的研究/叶振华,吴俊,胡晓宁,巫艳,王建新,李言谨,何力(中国科学院上海技术物理研究所材料器件中心)//红外与毫米波学报.―2004,23(6).―423～426.报道了HgCdTe p+-on-n长波异质结焦平面器件的研究结果.采用由分子束外延(MBE)和原位掺杂技术生长的P+-on-n异质结材料,通过湿法腐蚀、台面钝化、台面金属化、铟柱制备和互连等工艺,得到了HgCdTe p+-on-n长波异质结焦平面器件.根据,I-V实验结果和暗电流理论,拟合计算和分析了各种暗电流机制对器件性能的影响.且获得了器件的响应光谱和探测率。图…     

低暗电流高温工作碲镉汞红外探测器制备技术

报道了与传统的n-on-p结构相比具有更低暗电流的p+-on-n型碲镉汞红外探测器的研究进展。通过水平滑舟富碲液相外延生长的方法在碲锌镉衬底上原位生长In掺杂碲镉汞n型吸收层材料,然后再分别采用As离子注入技术和富汞垂直液相外延技生长技术实现了P型As外掺杂的p+-on-n型平面型和双层异质结台面型两种结构的芯片制备。碲镉汞探测器的主要缺点是需要低温制冷,期望碲镉汞探测器在不降低性能的前提下具有更高的工作温度(High Operating Temperature,HOT),成为红外探测器技术发展的主要方向。本文对基于标准的n-on-p(Hg空位)掺杂工艺及新研制的p-on-n型As离子注入及异质结制备技术的探测器进行了高温性能测试,测试结果表明采用p-on-n型的碲镉汞探测器能够实现更高的工作温度。     

分子束外延碲镉汞探测器的变结面积I-V测试研究

碲镉汞红外探测器的表面钝化处理对器件暗电流有较大影响,决定了器件的探测性能。为了研究表面钝化层不同生长方式对暗电流的抑制效果,使用分子束外延(Molecular Beam Epitaxy, MBE)系统在Si基衬底上生长碲镉汞材料,分别通过磁控溅射和原位钝化方法生长CdTe/ZnS钝化膜层。采用半导体工艺在碲镉汞材料上制备了变面积光伏探测器。通过测试不同钝化膜层器件的暗电流,分析零偏电阻和面积乘积(R₀A)与周长面积之比(p/A)的关系。结果表明,磁控溅射生长钝化层的Si基碲镉汞器件存在较大的隧穿电流,而原位钝化生长钝化层的Si基碲镉汞器件能更有效地抑制表面漏电流。拟合器件R₀A因子随PN结面积的变化,得出原位生长钝化层的器件具有更好的钝化效果。变面积器件的制备和测试能够有效且直观地反映器件性能。     

软脆碲锌镉衬底的新型化学抛光技术研究

碲锌镉(CdZnTe)是液相外延碲镉汞(HgCdTe)薄膜的最佳衬底材料。获得高质量的CdZnTe衬底表面对于提升红外探测器的性能有着十分重大的意义。针对CdZnTe表面加工技术进行了研究,开发出一种新的化学抛光技术,使得抛光后的CdZnTe表面粗糙度Ra可达0.3 nm。     

CdZnTe(211)B衬底对MBE外延碲镉汞材料的影响分析

碲锌镉 CdZnTe（211）B 衬底广泛应用于碲镉汞（HgCdTe）分子束外延生长,其性能参数在很大程度上决定了碲镉汞分子束外延材料的质量。主要讨论了 CdZnTe（211）B 衬底几个关键性能参数对碲镉汞外延材料的影响,包括 Zn 组分及均匀性、缺陷（位错、孪晶及晶界和碲沉淀）以及表面状态（粗糙度和化学组成）,并且分析了对 CdZnTe（211）B 衬底进行筛分时各性能参数的评价方法和指标。     

大面阵短波碲镉汞红外焦平面器件研究

随着红外焦平面技术的发展,大面阵红外焦平面器件在遥感、气象、资源普查和高分辨对地观测卫星上得到了广泛应用。因此,基于第三代红外焦平面技术的超大规模焦平面器件成为国内外研究热点。文中介绍了昆明物理研究所采用n-on-p技术路线成功研制的短波（Short Wave, SW） 2 k×2 k（18 μm,像元中心距）碲镉汞红外焦平面器件。短波2 k×2 k碲镉汞红外焦平面器件突破了大尺寸碲锌镉（CdZnTe）衬底制备和大面积液相外延薄膜材料生长技术,衬底尺寸由Φ75 mm增加到Φ90 mm,获得了高度均匀的大面积碲镉汞（HgCdTe）薄膜材料。通过大面阵器件工艺、大面阵倒装互连等技术攻关,最终获得了有效像元率大于99.9%、平均峰值探测率(D*)大于4×1012 (cm·Hz1/2)/W、暗电流密度在1 nA/cm2的高性能短波2 k×2 k（18 μm）碲镉汞红外焦平面器件。     

HgCdTe/CdZnTe晶格失配与X光衍射貌相的关系研究

文章采用富Te水平推舟液相外延工艺在CdZnTe衬底上生长了HgCdTe外延薄膜.研究了外延薄膜/衬底晶格失配度、X光衍射貌相、红外焦平面器件探测率三者之间的关系.对于HgCdTe外延层的X光衍射貌相我们将其大致分为五类,分别是Crosshatch貌相、混合貌相、均匀背景貌相、Mosaic貌相以及由衬底质量问题引起的沟壑状貌相,采用Crosshatch貌相和混合貌相材料所制备的红外焦平面器件,平均来说其探测率(D*)较高.X射线双轴衍射的实验结果表明,当外延层与衬底的晶格失配度为～0.03%时,外延层会呈现明显的Crosshatch貌相;而当失配度减小时,会逐渐呈现出混合貌相、均匀背景貌相、直至失配度为负值时呈现Mosaic貌相.因此,对于特定截止波长的HgCdTe焦平面器件,可以通过控制HgCdTe/CdZnTe之间的失配,生长出符合我们要求的貌相的碲镉汞外延材料,从而来提高焦平面器件的性能.     

基于三代红外探测器的一种新型材料——硒镉汞

介绍了一种新型的红外探测器材料硒镉汞(HgCdSe)的最新研究进展,以及其所使用的衬底材料ZnTe/Si(211)和GaSb(211)的最新研究情况.通过与碲镉汞(HgCdTe)材料的对比可看出,硒镉汞材料的性能优良,比碲镉汞性能更稳定、更易生长,并且有较为成熟的衬底材料,辅以在同是汞基材料-碲镉汞上面所取得的生长经验,有望成为替代碲镉汞的下一代红外探测材料,极具应用前景.     

不同结构的碲镉汞长波光伏探测器的暗电流研究

摘要对B^ 注入的n-on-p平面结和分子束外延(MBE)技术原位铟掺杂的n-on-p台面异质结的碲镉汞(HgCdTe)长波光伏探测器暗电流进行了对比分析．与n-on-p平面结器件相比，原位掺杂的n-on-p台面异质结器件得到较高的零偏动态阻抗一面积值(RoA)．通过与实验数据拟合，从理论上计算了这两种结构的器件在不同温度下的RoA和在不同偏压下的暗电流，得到一些相关的材料和器件性能参数．     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first