基于同向滑杆支链并联机构的工作空间分析

目的 快递行业每天都需要耗费人工对中型件进行分拣、包装,而中型件需要并联机构有更大的工作空间,相较于旋转驱动,直线型驱动并联机构的工作空间更大,针对上述问题提出一种同向滑杆支链的3-PUPU并联机构.方法 以同向滑杆支链的3-PUPU并联机构为研究对象,首先根据并联机构的几何关系和运动学模型,利用矢量法建立并联机构的运动学求解方程;其次,对影响及约束同向滑杆支链的3-PUPU并联机构工作空间的运动副及运动支链约束条件进行分析;最后,采用三维边界搜索法通过并联机构的运动学方程对同向滑杆支链的3-PUPU并联机构的工作空间进行分析,并以工作空间的体积为目标,研究并联机构的万向铰运动转角及同向滑杆支链对工作空间的影响.结果 研究表明,该并联机构的工作空间具有对称性、内部无明显空洞、截面形状规整;同时,运动副约束与工作空间体积的影响曲线表明同向滑杆支链的移动距离对工作空间的体积影响最大.结论 通过添加可控程序以更大的工作空间来实现同向滑杆支链的3-PUPU并联机构对中型件分拣、包装,为该机构后续的理论研究和实际应用提供了可靠依据.     

含关节间隙的3-CPaRR解耦并联机构弹性动力学建模与分析

为研究关节间隙对柔性化条件下并联机构输出运动特性的影响,以3-CPaRR并联机构为研究对象。首先,根据该并联机构的空间位置关系,研究了该并联机构的运动学规律,表明该并联机构驱动圆柱副可等效分解为驱动移动副和被动转动副;其次,基于空间位置矢量模型,建立了含间隙转动关节径向和轴向的运动学模型,从而进一步建立各支链转动关节处含间隙的运动学模型;然后,基于Lankarani-Nikravesh接触力模型和Coulomb摩擦力模型建立各支链转动副处存在关节间隙时的法向、切向力学模型,并将各被动关节处由于间隙的存在而产生的力向驱动关节处进行转化,从而建立了含关节间隙的3-CPaRR并联机构弹性动力学模型,最后通过实例分析了不同的关节间隙对该并联机构运动特性的影响。结果表明:含有关节间隙的柔性支链对并联机构的输出运动特性产生了重要的影响,同时该研究也为其他的含关节间隙的多体系统弹性动力学建模提供了理论基础。     

含关节间隙的3-CP_aRR并联机构的运动学和动力学分析

为研究关节间隙对并联机构动态特性的影响,以3-CP_aRR并联机构为研究对象。基于该并联机构的运动学约束,研究了该并联机构的运动学规律,表明该并联机构驱动圆柱副可等效分解为驱动移动副和被动转动副;利用正态分布概率统计模型建立了含间隙转动关节径向和轴向的运动学模型,进而建立了含关节间隙的支链运动学模型;根据关节元素间接触运动学模型,基于Flores接触力模型和修正的Coulomb摩擦模型分别建立了转动关节的法向接触力和切向接触力模型,并基于非完整系统的Lagrange方程法建立了含关节间隙并联机构的动力学模型;通过实例计算详细分析了转动关节间隙对并联机构运动学特性和动态响应的影响;此外,通过与标准正态分布模型参数μ对比,分析了定义关节元素初始接触时的间隙量为μ值时的物理意义。该研究可为其他含关节间隙多体系统的研究提供新的研究方法和理论基础。     

一种含间隙解耦并联机构动力学分析与混沌现象辨识

以自主提出的一种两转动解耦并联机构为研究对象,阐述机构结构组成,并针对其运动副存在间隙状况,建立含间隙机构动力学模型;基于ADAMS软件进行动力学仿真,并分析在有无运动副间隙、不同间隙和驱动速度下,机构位移、速度、加速度以及运动副接触力的变化;借助Poincare截面映射法对解耦并联机构动力学行为中的混沌现象予以辨识,绘制Poincare映射图,揭示间隙对机构动力学特性的影响。研究结果表明含间隙解耦并联机构存在混沌运动现象,对其更进一步的非线性动力学研究有一定指导意义。     

考虑球面副间隙的并联机构动力学模型

基于连续接触模型研究空间球面副间隙对新型减振平台(4-SPS/CU并联机构)动力学性能影响。将4-SPS/CU并联机构中一条驱动支链与下平台相连球面副间隙视为一刚性无质量杆。建立球面副间隙数学模型及该并联机构含关节间隙的位置方程;利用达朗贝尔原理建立理想4-SPS/CU并联机构动态静力学平衡方程并导出该机构所有关节反力;将理想机构运动副反力位置角近似等于该机构球面副中无质量间隙杆方位角;通过对含关节间隙的驱动支链受力重新分析建立该机构含关节间隙的动力学模型。数值计算、对比分析该并联机构考虑关节间隙与理想关节条件下球面副关节反力随时间变化,分析关节间隙对该并联机构运动学特性及驱动力影响,为该并联机构间隙补偿与控制策略提供理论依据。     

面向大型构件印刷的并联驱动双向转动机械臂运动学分析

目的 为实现工作臂末端到达平面或曲面内特定位置,提出一种应用于大型构件印刷的2–UCU/U并联驱动双向转动机械臂。方法 应用螺旋理论分析2–UCU/U机构的约束螺旋系,得出该机构的自由度,验证输入选取的合理性。利用封闭矢量法,求解得出机构的位置反解,建立速度雅可比矩阵。使用搜索法,借助Matlab求得机构的工作空间,分析机构输入与输出运动关系。结果 求解得到2–UCU/U并联驱动双向转动机械臂的工作空间,其形状为球形曲面;分析表明,该机构的运动为俯仰和偏航2个方向的转动。结论 驱动副的同向运动实现工作臂的仰俯运动,驱动副的反向运动实现工作臂的偏航运动,因此可使工作臂末端到达工作面所需位置,最终可使连于工作臂末端的工具在特定位置工作。     

面向食品生产的高速自动分拣系统的研究

针对我国食品生产分级与分拣的实际情况,基于Delta并联机构和机器视觉技术,构建面向食品生产的高速自动分拣系统.充分考虑Delta并联机构的特殊几何特性以及运动约束条件,运用空间矢量代数的方法,建立Delta并联机构的简化运动学模型,解析求解并联机构的正解与逆解,求解过程简单、直观,正解求解结果唯一.     

Delta并联机器人的运动学分析及虚拟样机仿真

并联机器人具有高速高加速的优势,作为末端执行器极大提高了操作效率,在自动化生成线中具有广阔的应用前景。本文对典型的三自由度Delta并联机器人的结构进行了优化,建立了运动学反解模型,基于该模型对Delta机器人的工作空间进行了研究。此外,基于ADAMS搭建了虚拟仿真平台,对Delta并联机器人在作螺旋线运动时驱动臂的角速度、角加速度以及驱动电机的转矩和功率进行了研究,为电机选型和动力学优化提供了依据。     

基于旋量的风载作用3-RSR并联天线机构动力学建模

天线座架动力学问题关系到天线跟踪精度,同时外界风载对天线的影响不应忽视。以3-RSR(R为转动副,S为球面副)并联机构作为天线座架,分析少自由度并联天线机构动力学问题。首先描述并联机构起始位姿状态,通过指数积公式得到并联机构各杆件的位姿矩阵;然后通过运动副关节之间的约束关系,给出并联机构的约束矩阵,得到其雅克比矩阵和各杆件的速度旋量,通过推导约束矩阵的微分形式,获得并联机构各杆件的加速度旋量;其次根据各杆件力的平衡关系,推导并联天线机构的逆动力学模型。考虑风载荷作用提出并联天线机构动力学计算流程,分别运用MATLAB和ADAMS软件在俯仰和方位运动状态下对并联天线机构动力学模型进行仿真,对动力学模型进行求解与验证。研究工作对并联天线机构动力学性能提升及控制实现具有一定指导意义。     

含间隙RU-RPR解耦并联机构混沌与冲击现象

针对含间隙机构中的混沌与冲击现象,以自主提出的RU-RPR(R为转动副,U为虎克铰,P为移动副)两转动解耦并联机构为研究对象,考虑运动副间隙,结合Lankarani-Nikravesh接触力模型与拉格朗日方程建立间隙机构动力学模型,分析不同的驱动速度和摩擦因数对机构中混沌现象与冲击的影响,同时探讨机构的稳定性与冲击现象的关系,并分析增设弹簧对机构动力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,改变驱动速度与摩擦因数时,冲击现象仍然存在,而机构可以由混沌运动变为周期运动,稳定性增强;机构的稳定性与冲击现象并没有必然的联系,且增加弹簧可以显著的减弱机构中的冲击程度。     

基于螺旋理论的管道蠕动并联机构的奇异性研究

以3-(P)URU(P)并联机构为主体的管道蠕动机构通过交替移动动定平台及连接两平台的3条URU支链实现在管道内的蠕动,从而可以应用于工农业运输管道的监测和探伤等.机构的奇异性会影响其使用效率和工程质量等,因此提出了一种移动并联机构的奇异分析方法并对该机构进行奇异性研究.首先,根据螺旋理论并结合线几何法分析了支链奇异、...     

Dynamics of an elastic multibody chain: part a—body motion equations

In this paper—the first of a series describing the dynamics of an arbitrary multibody system—motion equations governing a set of individual bodies in a chain configuration are discussed. A chain consisting entirely of rigid bodies is considered first. Motion equations for a typical body of arbitrary shape and arbitrary mass distribution are then briefly summarized. Finally, the geometrical constraints necessary to connect the individual bodies into a chain are derived.

Large translational and rotational motions are permitted at the joints connecting contiguous bodies. In other words, both prismatic and revolute joints are included, alone and in combination. As well, the interbody force constraints required to ensure that equal but opposite forces and torques exist at each joint are developed. The resulting expressions are amenable to the introduction of constraint and control forces at the chain joints. This permits the number of actively controlled degrees of freedom at any specific joint to be arbitrarily specified. The equations are fully nonlinear in the 'rigid' velocities for all individual chain bodies.

The analysis is then extended to the case of a chain consisting of an arbitrary number of elastic bodies. Each elastic body is assumed to possess an arbitrary stiffness distribution, although structural deformations are assumed to be small.     

三自由度并联包装机构动力学建模与分析

目的为了提高一种三自由度并联包装机构动态性能,对其进行动力学建模与仿真研究。方法首先建立机构三维模型并进行位置反解计算,而后应用凯恩法列出动力学方程。在对支链模态分析基础上依托多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS与有限元软件Ansys,将各连接杆件由刚体转换为柔性体进行刚柔耦合动力学分析。结果通过动力学建模求得了驱动杆在广义坐标下的驱动力。由模态分析求得支链的第1阶到第6阶固有频率分别为88.656,108.95,119.96,125.33,131.07,138.77 Hz,以及机构在各个阶次下的振型。得到了机构动平台质心运动位移、速度、加速度,以及关节驱动力、力矩变化曲线。结论并联包装机构中刚度薄弱环节位于球铰连接两端,在各阶模态振型中,振动相对位移较大位置位于动平台和支链中部滑块;连接杆件会对动平台运动性能、关节驱动力产生一定的影响。分析结果为并联机构进一步优化提供了理论依据。     

A matrix formulation for the dynamic analysis of spatial mechanisms using point coordinates and velocity transformation

Summary. This paper presents a matrix formulation for the dynamic analysis of spatial mechanisms with common types of kinematic joints. The formulation is derived in two steps. Initially an equivalent constrained system of particles that replaces the rigid bodies is constructed and used to define the configuration of the mechanical system. This results in a simple and straightforward procedure for generating the equations of motion in terms of the rectangular Cartesian coordinates of the particles without introducing any rotational coordinates. The equations of motion are then derived in terms of relative joint coordinates through the use of a velocity transformation matrix. The velocity transformation matrix relates the relative joint velocities to the Cartesian velocities. For the open loop case, this process automatically eliminates all of the non-working constraint forces and leads to an efficient integration of the equations of motion. For the closed loop case, suitable joints should be cut and few cut-joints constraint equations should be included for each closed loop. An example is used to demonstrate the generality and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Efficient kinematic joint descriptions for flexible multibody systems experiencing linear and non‐linear deformations

Different finite‐element‐based strategies used to represent the components' flexibility in multibody systems lead to various sets of co‐ordinates. For systems in which the bodies only experience small elastic deformations it is common to use mode component synthesis to reduce the number of generalized elastic co‐ordinates and, consequently, the equations of motion are written in terms of modal co‐ordinates. However, when the system components experience non‐linear deformations the use of reduction methods is not possible, in general, and the finite element nodal co‐ordinates are the generalized co‐ordinates used. Furthermore, depending on the type of finite elements used to represent each flexible body, the nodal co‐ordinates may include all node rotations and translations or only some of each. Regardless of the type of generalized co‐ordinates adopted it is required that kinematic joints are defined. The complete set of joints available in a general‐purpose multibody code must include, for each particular type of joint, restrictions involving only rigid bodies, or only flexible bodies, or flexible and rigid bodies. Therefore, the effort put into the development and implementation of any joint is at least three times as much as the initial work done in the implementation of joints with rigid bodies only. The concept of virtual bodies provides a general framework to develop general kinematic joints for flexible multibody systems with minimal effort, regardless of the flexible co‐ordinates used. Initially, only a rigid constraint between the flexible and a massless rigid body is developed. Then, any kinematic joint that involves a flexible body is set with the massless rigid body instead, using the regular joint library of the multibody code. The major drawback is that for each kinematic joint involving a flexible body it is required to use six more co‐ordinates per virtual body and six more kinematic constraints. It is shown in this work that for small elastic deformations, for which the mode component synthesis is applied, the use of sparse matrix solvers can compensate for the computational overhead of involving more co‐ordinates and kinematic constraints in the system, due to the use of virtual bodies. For non‐linear deformations, where the generalized co‐ordinates are the global positions of the finite‐element nodes, the use of the virtual body concept does not require an increase in the number of system co‐ordinates or kinematic constraints. By introducing the rigid joint between the flexible body nodal co‐ordinates and the virtual body, with the use of Lagrange multipliers, and then solving the equations explicitly for these multipliers the resulting equations of motion for the subsystem have the same degrees of freedom as the original flexible body alone. The difference is that degrees of freedom associated to the virtual body are used as co‐ordinates of the subsystem instead of the nodal co‐ordinates of the nodes of the flexible body attached to the virtual body. Copyright ©2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

计及运动副间隙的双曲柄六杆压力机机构动力学仿真向量键合图法

针对计及运动副间隙的双曲柄六杆压力机机构动力学仿真问题,提出了相应的向量键合图法.基于修正非线性连续接触碰撞力的混合模型,推导出间隙运动副的相对碰撞速度向量方程.在此基础上,建立了可以更精确描述间隙运动副的向量键合图模型,具有通用性强、模块化的特点,便于嵌入到系统的向量键合图模型中.由机构运动副的约束关系,将各构件的向...     

Linear multipoint constraints applied via transformation as part of a direct stiffness assembly process

A procedure is presented for the application of linear multipoint constraints. The procedure employs the transformation approach for constraint application which reduces the number of equations to be solved by the number of constraints. However, the matrix operations implied by the approach are avoided by the proper construction of the constraint equations. A specific procedure for carrying out the constraint application process as part of the assembly of the global stiffness matrix is given.     

多臂机提综臂辅助旋铆并联机器人优化设计

提综臂是多臂机上实现凸轮开口运动的关键核心部件.为满足多臂机提综臂的自动化加工需求,设计了一种新型辅助旋铆并联机器人,以实现在提综臂旋铆加工过程中对零部件的高速、高精度抓取和摆放,显著提升生产效率和保证加工质量.首先,介绍了新型辅助旋铆并联机器人机构的拓扑结构特征,并结合旋量理论及修正的G-K(Grübler-Kutz...     

基于Pro/E模型的MATLAB/Simulink模型转换

Pro/E模型与MATLAB/Simulink模型表达方式的不一致直接影响了两者间进行联合仿真.从Pro/E装配模型到MATLAB/Simulink模型的转换分为装配模型信息的提取和接口信息转换两部分内容;前者采用的是基于特征设计技术和分层、分类的方法来提取信息的,而后者是把.xml作为中性文件将信息从Pro/E到MATLAB/Simulink间进行映射.其中后者还涉及Pro/E装配模型的约束关系到机构间运动副的转换,采用的是基于约束度的组合推理算法实现简单约束转运动副,并对螺旋法转运动副进行了理论研究.最后用转换挖掘机实例证实了上述研究方法的可行性,解决了利用 Pro/E 和 MATLAB/Simulink进行联合仿真所遇到的相关技术性问题.