液氨爆破对稻草秸秆稀硫酸降解工艺影响

为给制取生物质乙醇提供参考,该实验对木质纤维原料进行液氨爆破预处理后稀硫酸降解工艺进行研究。以农产秸秆为原料,自制爆破装置,采用化学分析与扫描电镜、X射线衍射相结合方法,分别研究液氨爆破在温度60℃～80℃、维压时间10～30 min、压力1.0～4.0 MPa条件下,液氨爆破预处理对秸秆主要成分与稀硫酸水解还原糖得率影响。结果表明,当液氨爆破条件为温度70℃、时间20 min、压力2.5 MPa时,处理后物料纤维素含量35.99%、半纤维素含量16.71%、稀硫酸水解还原糖得率最高达38.83%;SEM与XRD显示,液氨爆破后稻草秸秆纤维形态结构受到不同程度破坏,表面断裂、空隙增加、纤维素结晶度降低,有利于稀酸水解作用。     

制取可降解纤维地膜的秸秆纤维特性研究

原料的特性在很大程度上决定了产品的特性及加工工艺,因此对制成可降解纤维地膜的原料秸秆纤维进行物理化学及机械打浆特性研究具有重要意义。本研究采用Leica显微镜测定秸秆纤维形态,SPSS17．0统计分析纤维长宽比,Design-expert6．0．10区组对比分析两种秸秆、纤维间理化及机械打浆特性差异和经机械加工后纤维成...     

阻燃聚酯纤维的制取方法

半工业生产条件下制取阻燃聚酯纤维是采用含溴添加物作为阻燃剂的.当纤维中添加剂分布均匀和氧指数高达31时,纤维仍具有使人满意的物理机械指标.在保持纤维全部物理机械指标和满足对纺织材料所要求性质的情况下,制取阻燃纤维是     

非麻类韧皮纤维的研究与开发利用

介绍了非麻类韧皮纤维的开发利用现状,以及该类纤维的制取方法、结构性能及应用领域,总结了现阶段该类纤维开发所面临的问题,展望其发展前景.     

玉米秸秆不同部位纤维组成和结构的研究

将玉米秸秆分成叶、髓、外皮三个部位,对三个部位的纤维组成和结构进行了测定分析。结果表明:玉米秸秆中,各部位的纤维素、半纤维含量相近,叶子和髓的木质素含量低,结构疏松,秸秆外皮的木质素含量高,结构紧密,衍射峰较高。从纤维组成和结构看,玉米秸秆的叶和髓非常适合饲料化利用。     

稻秸秆纤维的性能与结构分析

为了研究稻秸秆纤维的基本性能,对稻秸秆纤维及几种天然纤维的基本性能进行了测试分析,并分析了稻秸秆纤维的微观形态。通过对各种性能及结构分析得出稻秸秆工艺纤维长度在6-9cm、细度在2.6-3.9tex;纤维断裂强度大,可挠度较大;纤维摩擦系数较大,回潮率较大;稻秸秆纤维是由多根单纤维连在一起组成的工艺纤维,单纤维表面纵向有明显的沟槽。     

香蕉茎纤维的现状与开发应用前景

介绍了香蕉茎纤维的发展历史、开发现状及其纤维的制取方法、微细结构、化学组成和物理机械性能等。我国是香蕉生产大国,香蕉茎纤维原料来源丰富,经加工后的茎纤维具有强度高、伸长小、质量轻、吸水性高、吸湿放湿快、易降解等优点。香蕉茎纤维的物理机械性能能满足纺织加工的要求,经纯纺或混纺后的织物服用性能好,因此香蕉茎纤维在传统的纺织等领域内将有极大的发展潜力。     

食品成型机械中加压推料螺杆的设计计算

<正> 加压推料螺杆多用于食品成型机械的供料,它的结构和尺寸直接影响机械的生产率和食品物料的质构变化。我们以通心粉机的挤压螺杆为例,说明这类零件的设计方法。面团作用在螺杆     

新型手摇式横机的编织密度调整装置

介绍了现有手摇式横机密度调整装置存在的问题和解决方法的不足.针对缺陷,设计了一种用一套螺杆螺母装置来取代现有压板推移限位器的新型密度三角调整装置--螺旋推移限位器.阐述了其结构组成、微调密度显示、螺旋推移方式和安装方式,其中重点说明了螺旋推移方式:螺杆直接推移密度三角调整块(指针)和螺母直接推移密度三角调整块.总结了新型手摇式横机密度调整装置的优点.     

聚丁烯-1纤维的拉伸工艺与其性能的研究

聚丁烯-1具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐环境应力开裂等优异性能。通过控制加工温度、螺杆转速以及拉伸倍数得到了不同的纤维。测试了纤维的力学性能,并通过XRD、SEM对纤维进行了结构表征,分析不同拉伸倍数对纤维性能的影响。结果表明:当纺丝温度为220℃、螺杆转速为1 r/s、拉伸倍数为5时,纤维各项性能较好。     

Structure–Property Relationships in Natural Cellulosic Fibres. Part I: Characterisation

This is the first of a series of research papers featuring structure-property relationships in UK-grown natural cellulosic fibres, a renewable resource which may be extracted from the stems of plant fibres. They are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, together with other constituents, and, unlike seed hairs, have structures which make the plant stems strong and stiff. In the last few decades, fibres from agricultural crops have been replaced by synthetic fibres. In particular, this has resulted in under-utilisation of flax and hemp fibres, both of which may be grown in the UK. Although many studies have been carried out on bast fibres, and considerable information can be found in the literature, much of the information is of academic interest only, and the instances of verification through commercial use are rare. The driving force behind the current work was the EC strategy to improve self sufficiency in fibres, in order to reduce imports, and to find a substitute for jute and coir in industrial applications. The present study was mainly focused on flax fibres of different origins, particularly the straw waste product from linseed oil production. Until recently, this straw was burnt as a disposal route. The aim of the present investigation was to understand the effect of the chemical composition of different flax fibres on various physical properties, and, to compare them with those of other natural cellulosic fibres. It was concluded that seed flax, i.e. the fibre from straw left after harvesting linseed, has good potential for use in technical textiles.     

采用挤压——扩散置换设备组合提高麦草浆黑液提取率的探讨

介绍了我国麦草浆黑液提取设备发展、使用情况及存在的问题。指出挤浆机与鼓式或带式洗浆机组的组合,两类设备优势互补,是提高麦草浆黑液提取率的一种有效途径。     

Effects of two contrasting dietary fibres on starch digestion,short‐chain fatty acid production and transit time in rats

Dietary fibres may cause dietary starch to escape digestion in the small intestine and enter the large intestine. If this results from the dietary fibres reducing the gastrointestinal transit time, those dietary fibres that reduce this the most would be expected to cause the most starch to escape digestion. We tested in rats the relative abilities of two contrasting dietary fibres, apple pectin (a soluble dietary fibre) and wheat straw (an insoluble, lignified dietary fibre), to reduce the whole gut transit time and to cause dietary starch to escape digestion. We provided male Wistar rats with a control, modified AIN‐76™ diet containing 20% fat but no dietary fibre, and with this diet containing 10% dietary fibre; the dietary fibre replaced the equivalent weight of starch in the control diet. Both dietary fibres, but particularly wheat straw, reduced the transit time compared with the fibre‐free control diet. Pectin, but not wheat straw, resulted in substantial amounts of starch in the caecal contents. This effect may result from the pectin increasing the viscosity of the digesta or causing it to gel. Large amounts of short‐chain fatty acids were found only in the caeca of rats provided with pectin. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

圆网浓缩机在文化纸机打浆配料系统中的应用

介绍了圆网浓缩机在文化纸机打浆配料系统中对自制草浆进行二次洗浆中的应用。采用圆网浓缩机洗浆处理后,造纸机湿部系统Zeta电位趋于平衡,有效解决造纸机生产障碍,提高化工辅料使用效率。     

Friction spinning machine variable and yarn structure: Configuration of fibres in yarn in relation to machine variables

This article reports detailed study on the impact of some DREF-III machine variables (i.e. opening roller speed, suction air pressure and difference in drum speed) and sliver feeding positions on configuration of fibres in the yarn. It has been observed that percentages of leading and trailing hooks are significantly influenced by the feeding position of sliver. The machine variables also found to have significant influence on fibre configuration in most of the cases. The configuration of fibres is found to be controlled by air flow characteristics inside the duct and by landing behaviour of fibres on the spinning drums. In addition, it has been found that the machine variables have least impact on configuration of core fibres.     

非木材纤维中浓打浆效果及机理分析

对几种非木材纤维原料包括麦草浆、竹浆、蔗渣浆进行中浓打浆试验,研究了中浓打浆过程中的纤维特性、纸张物理性能和打浆能耗,并与低浓打浆进行比较。结果表明,与低浓打浆相比,中浓打浆有效保留了纤维长度,减少了对纤维的切断,增强了细纤维化作用,有利于改善纸张物理性能和降低打浆能耗。对中浓打浆的机理进行探讨认为,中浓打浆对通过磨区纤维的打浆强度较低而纤维之间的摩擦作用较强,有利于非木材纤维的打浆,这可能是中浓打浆具有较佳打浆效果的原因。     

The use of non‐food crops in the UK construction industry

The use of non‐food crops in construction has a long history. In addition to the use of wood as a mainstay in building housing, until recently the uses were limited to the inclusion of fibres such as wool in plasters and renders, the use of straw in ‘wattle and daub’ walling and, of course, the use of reed and straw in thatching. During the last 15 years the move toward sustainable buildings has led to a renewed interest in the use of non‐food crops, particularly straw bale construction, the use of fibres in walls and boards and the development of insulation products from wool. This review covers the development of these materials in the UK as well as looking at the demand for more traditional uses such as thatch. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Advanced Decortication Technology for Unretted Bast Fibres

Abstract

Advanced decortication technology is based on a simple mechanical process, in which bast fibres are decorticated by impact stress. Hemp, flax and linseed are processed with the same technology that is suitable for both unretted and retted plants. The process includes all stages from the reception of the straw bales to the separate final products, which are fibres and shives.

The industrial requirements of technical fibres regarding fibre yield, fibre length, fineness and cleanness, are met.

The possibility of processing unretted bast fibres without any negative influence on the fibre qualities is advantageous. Harvesting of unretted fibre plants saves expenditure on the field and reduces the weather risk.     

刀辊式切草机及其潜能开发

简述了切草机的工作原理,依据生产实践经验总结出影响切草机性能的因素,并且进行了对比和分析,为切草机的使用起到一定指导作用。     

9LRZ-80型秸秆揉切机关键工作部件的设计研究

秸秆加工机械的发展有利于秸秆资源饲料化的充分利用和畜牧业的发展。通过对9LRZ-80秸秆揉切机的关键工作部件——切碎器的分析研究,重点是刀具的排列、动平衡的分析研究,完成了切碎器刀具的排列设计;利用ANSYS对刀具进行有限元分析,可知设计的刀具有足够的稳定性及强度。选用青、黄玉米秸秆作为加工物料进行试验,结果表明该机设计合理,工作可靠,可较好地应用于生产实践。