基于形态Haar小波的SAR图像斑点噪声抑制方法

针对现有相干斑抑制算法不能在去除斑点噪声和保持图像边缘、细节信息之间做到很好的折中,提出了一种新的基于形态Haar小波变换的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像斑点噪声抑制方法。该方法首先对SAR图像进行二维形态Haar小波分解,图像的边缘、细节和纹理信息在低频子带中得到了更好的保留,噪声主要分布在高频子带;然后,根据各高频子带噪声的特点,分别对高频子带进行均值和中值滤波达到去除斑点噪声的目的;最后,再对低频子带和处理后的高频子带进行形态Haar小波精确重构得到去斑图像。实验证明:该算法不仅大大改善了原始SAR图像的画面质量,同时很好地保持了原始SAR图像的纹理特性和细节信息;该算法去斑性能指标总体优于传统的Lee滤波、Frost滤波、Kuan滤波和小波软阈值法。     

基于Contourlet域的SAR图像去噪算法

从SAR图像斑点噪声特性和Contourlet变换系数的统计特点出发,将Contourlet变换与二元收缩去噪模型相结合,提出一种新的基于Contourlet变换的SAR图像去噪方法。对于高分辨率SAR 图像,该算法能更有效地去除SAR图像上的斑点噪声。     

基于冗余小波变换的医学超声图像去斑噪算法

医学超声图像中固有的斑点噪声严重降低了图像的可解译程度,影响了后续的图像分析和诊断。提出了一种基于冗余小波变换的超声图像去斑算法,首先对含斑图像进行对数变换,将乘性噪声变成加性噪声;再对转换后图像做冗余小波分解;在小波系数服从广义高斯分布的前提下,计算每个小波高频子带的贝叶斯萎缩阈值,利用软阈值方法修正小波系数。实验结果表明,该算法去斑性能优于传统的空间域滤波和正交小波阈值去噪方法。     

SAR图像的NSCT域自适应收缩相干斑抑制

提出了一种基于Nonsubsampled Contourlet（NSCT）变换域自适应收缩的SAR图像相干斑抑制算法。首先将SAR图像分解至NSCT域,其次对NSCT系数进行Pizurica自适应收缩。利用NSCT变换的良好的方向选择性及平移不变性,同时结合Pizurica自适应收缩的方向空间相关性及其局部噪声度量,自适应地得到各方向的高频子带系数对应的收缩因子,修正NSCT系数,最终将修正后的子带系数通过NSCT逆变换获得经过斑点噪声抑制的图像。实验结果表明,与小波域软阈值和Contourlet域软阈值算法相比,该算法在有效抑制SAR图像斑点噪声的同时能更好、更清晰地保持图像的边缘细节特征。     

基于小波变换的SAR与可见光图像融合算法*

提出了一种基于小波变换的SAR图像与可见光图像的融合算法。为抑制斑点噪声,对SAR图像作平滑滤波。图像经小波变换后,计算不同分解层高频图像对应区域的均值与标准差,采用区域统计特性量测的融合规则;低频图像直接采用SAR图像的小波低频系数作为融合后的低频系数,对得到的融合低、高频图像作小波反变换。     

基于NSCT域邻域收缩的SAR图像去噪

针对合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）图像受到相干斑噪声的干扰,严重影响了SAR图像的后续处理的问题,提出一种在非下采样轮廓变换（Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform,NSCT）域将中值滤波和邻域收缩法相结合的SAR图像去噪算法。该算法对原始SAR图像进行NSCT分解,得到低频子带和高频子带图像,对低频子带使用中值滤波处理以去除低频子带中的低频噪声,利用NSCT分解系数之间的相关性,使用邻域收缩法对子带图的系数进行收缩,以消除高频子带中的高频噪声。实验证明,该算法与小波域邻域收缩去噪算法和NSCT硬阈值去噪算法相比,在去噪性能和视觉效果方面均有所提高,在消除噪声同时可以较好地保护纹理细节信息。     

基于静态小波分解的多尺度SAR图象滤波

由于雷达回波的相干性 ,合成孔径雷达 (SAR)图象上存在着斑点噪声 ,因此 ,为消除这种噪声 ,提出了一种基于静态小波分解的硬阈值滤波方法 ,该方法首先将 SAR图象分解至静态小波域 ,然后在静态小波域中将噪声的小波系数收缩至零 .将此算法应用于 ERS- 1SAR图象斑点噪声滤波 ,并与基于 Mallat分解的滤波算法和另外 3种典型的 SAR图象滤波算法进行比较 ,结果表明 ,该方法不仅可以有效地去除斑点噪声 ,并且可以保持 SAR图象的精细纹理结构     

基于惩罚系数自适应修正的SAR图像滤波新算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像存在较强的相干斑点噪声,严重地影响了地物信息的提取与SAR图像的应用效果。提出了一种新的SAR图像斑点噪声滤波算法,该算法以一种基于膜模型的M arkov随机场的近似最优迭代滤波算法(TSPR)为基础,考虑了邻域空间关系对势能函数的影响,并通过在迭代过程中自适应修正惩罚系数,来达到更好的斑点噪声滤波效果。通过对含不同强度斑点噪声的退化图像的对比试验结果来看,该算法在提高处理后图像的信噪比方面,能够取得较TSPR算法更佳的效果。     

基于静态小波分解的多尺度SAR图像滤波

由于雷达回波的相干性，合成孔径雷达（SAR）图象上存在着斑点噪声，因此，为消除这种噪声，提出了一种基于静态小波分解的硬阈值滤波方法，该方法首先将SAR图象分解至静态小波域，然后在静态小波域中将噪声的小波系数收缩至零，将此算法应用于ERS－1 SAR图象斑点噪声滤波，并与基于Mallat分解的滤波算法和另外3种典型的SAR图象滤波算法进行比较，结果表明，该方法不仅可以有效地去除斑点噪声,并且可以保持SAR图象的精细纹理结构。     

基于小波变换的SAR图像斑点噪声降噪研究

SAR图像上周期性出现斑点噪声,影响图像的解译。小波变换具有多分辨分析特点。在分析SAR斑点噪声模型的基础上．利用小波变换方法对SAR图像斑点噪声进行抑制,同时给出噪声去除性能评价。实验结果表明,小波变换方法具有较好的斑点噪声去除性能。     

λ-WMAP: a statistical speckle filter operating in the wavelet domain

In this paper we introduce the Γ-WMAP filter, a wavelet based equivalent to the classical Γ-MAP filter. We model speckle as additive signal-dependent noise, and propose to use the normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution as a statistical model for the wavelet coefficients of both the reflectance image and the noise image. A method for estimating the parameters of the proposed statistical models is presented, and we show that the NIG distribution makes excellent fits to the distributions of the wavelet coefficients of single-look synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The performance of the Γ-WMAP filter is tested on three single-look SAR images. We find that when the filter is used in a global mode it may severely blur the image. However, when applied in a local, adaptive mode the new algorithm has excellent de-speckling performance. Visual comparisons with the Γ-MAP filter show that Γ-WMAP tends to give better de-speckling. Quantitative comparisons in homogeneous regions using both the equivalent number of looks and the log standard deviation as measures definitely show that the Γ-WMAP gives better speckle filtering.     

SAR图像MAP降噪的精细研究

本文推导出基于最大后验概率(MAP)滤波的一般形式,给出不同噪声分布和真实图像先验分布条件下的MAP滤波方程.从滤波方程在特定区间上解的分布情况以及区域统计特性分类两方面分析了MAP降噪性能,由此给出了MAP滤波的阈值表达形式.最后给出合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的MAP降噪试验以及噪声滤除能力的量化指标.为了消除噪声强度对试验结果的影响,全面反映MAP降噪性能,本文给出了降噪能力随噪声大小的动态变化关系.结果表明,真实图像的先验分布对MAP滤波性能有着直接的影响,不合理的先验分布假定会严重降低MAP滤波的降噪能力.     

自适应超完备字典学习的SAR图像降噪

提出一种基于自适应超完备字典学习的SAR图像降噪。该算法建立在超完备字典稀疏表示基础上,具有较强的数据稀疏性和稳健的建模假设。算法依据相干斑噪声统计特性,通过分步优化字典原子和变换系数自适应构造超完备字典,利用获得的超完备字典将图像局部信息投影到高维空间中,实现图像的稀疏表示,运用正则化方法建立多目标优化模型。最后通过对优化问题的求解重建SAR图像场景分辨单元的平均强度,实现SAR图像的降噪。实验结果表明,该算法对相干斑噪声有很好的抑制效果,并且具有保持图像细节信息的优点。     

Suppression of speckle in synthetic aperture radar images using wavelet

A filter for suppressing speckle in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images utilizing wavelet is proposed. The filter suppresses speckle by reducing the amplitude of the detail images in wavelet subspaces, while preserving edges by releasing the amplitude reduction around edges; information on edges, contained in the detail images, is utilized for edge detection. Simulations and application to SAR images have shown that the performance of the filter is satisfactory in both smoothing and edge preservation, and in generating visually-natural images as well.     

基于Contourlet变换的多波段SAR图像伪彩色融合

针对多波段SAR图像融合问题, 提出了一种基于contourlet变换的伪彩色图像融合方法. 该方法首先利用contourlet变换多尺度, 多方向以及各向异性的良好特性对不同波段SAR图像进行多尺度分解, 采用边缘信息量测因子策略融合方向高频子带, 加权平均策略融合低通子带. 然后对灰度融合图像利用混合高频提升滤波方法得到RGB彩色空间的三个颜色通道, 并在RGB空间量化显示,把人眼难以分辨的灰度信息转化为可分辨的色彩, 保持SAR图像的空间分辨率的同时增强了光谱分辨率. 采用Ku和L波段SAR图像进行融合实验, 并用客观评价因子对融合质量进行评价, 结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

改进的基于非局部均值的极化SAR相干斑抑制

贝叶斯形式的非局部均值模型在极化SAR图像相干斑抑制中有良好的应用,在实现抑制相干斑的同时较好地保持了边缘细节和点目标.通过分析合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像多视数据的空间统计分布,结合贝叶斯形式的非局部均值模型,得出在该模型下多视与单视SAR图像中像素间相似性度量函数一致性的结论,并对该相似性度量函数进行了修正,使之满足对称性;最后针对算法全局使用一个固定滤波参数影响滤波效果的问题,提出一种根据像素间相似程度自适应选取滤波参数的方法.实验结果验证了本文算法的有效性.     

Speckle filtering in satellite SAR change detection imagery

Repeat-pass Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is useful for change detection. A disadvantage of SAR is the system-inherent speckle noise. This can be reduced by filtering. Various filter types and methods are described in the literature, but not one fits the speckle noise in change detection imagery. A new method is therefore developed in this paper. The new method is based on filtering the logarithmic-scaled ratio of SAR images. Logarithmic scaling changes the multiplicative speckle noise in the ratio-image into additive noise and alters the distribution, which simplifies and optimizes the subsequent filter process. The filter in the new method consists of an additive LLMMSE filter (Kuan et al. 1985), preceded by a structure detection stage for a better contour preserving performance. Testing the new method on a repeat-pass satellite SAR image-set gave an accurate overview of changes compared to a colour-composite of both images, other optical remote sensing images and maps of the same area.     

Application of special-purpose artificial neural networks for speckle reduction in SAR images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is used extensively for remote-sensing applications due to its ability to operate under all weather conditions and provide high-resolution images. However, high-resolution images constructed from SAR data often suffer from speckle, which makes identification and classification of edges/boundaries a difficult task. Speckle noise is multiplicative in nature and is a result of constructive and destructive interference of signals from randomly distributed scatterers in a resolution cell illuminated by a coherent signal. Usually, speckle is reduced by incoherent averaging of high-resolution image pixels that degrade resolution. The principal goal in all speckle-reduction algorithms is to reduce speckle with minimum loss of resolution. In this investigation, we used specially trained and validated artificial neural networks (ANNs) for speckle reduction in images generated with a radar-depth sounder/imager and compared their performance to the conventional adaptive filtering and Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) algorithm. We show that by training different ANNs to reduce speckle noise at different levels of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), rather than training one ANN to operate at all levels of SNR, improved performance in speckle reduction can be obtained. Real SAR images and synthetic noise are used in this research to compare the performance of the proposed ANN-based approaches with that obtained from conventional methods. This investigation shows that on combining the results from a set of properly trained and validated neural networks, the SNRs of the output images improve beyond those obtained from conventional approaches when the input SNRs are greater than or equal to 4 dB. For input SNRs greater than 0 dB, however, the ANNs provide better performance in edge preservation compared with conventional methods. We also found that once a set of ANNs is properly trained to reduce speckle from an image, these ANNs can be used in de-speckling other images without any further training. The merits and demerits of different configurations of the ANNs are studied to find useful speckle noise-tolerant ANN architectures.