大口径厚壁管压扁试验和弯曲试验严格程度的比较

对电站锅炉用大口径厚壁管进行了压扁和弯曲对比试验,分析了试样受拉面塑性变形的差异,比较了两种试验的试样形状和合格判据要求的差异,讨论了锅炉常用ASME SA-335MP91/92钢管的压扁试验和弯曲试验在工程应用中的相关问题。结果表明:钢管弯曲试验的塑性变形明显大于压扁试验,对材料塑性要求更为严格;建议今后国内制定或修订相关标准时,进一步放宽大口径厚壁管弯曲试验替代压扁试验的限制。     

轴向冲击作用下泡沫铝填充圆管吸能特性研究

基于金属圆管移动塑性铰理论,建立一种考虑偏心率效应和相互作用效应的泡沫铝填充圆管轴向冲击移动塑性铰分析模型,利用LS-DYNA软件对填充结构进行冲击仿真试验.结果表明,移动塑性铰模型和静态塑性铰模型相比,移动塑性铰模型计算的理论结果与仿真结果具有更好的一致性.泡沫铝填充圆管的平均压溃载荷与偏心率m有关,m存在最优值,冲击速度越大,m的最优值也越大.受轴向冲击载荷压溃时,泡沫铝与圆管之间存在明显的相互作用效应,在分析吸能特性时应加以考虑.     

基于平衡向量的刚架结构极限承载力分析的广义塑性铰法

广义塑性铰法能够保持传统塑性铰的比例特性并据此高效求解杆系结构在多内力联合作用下的极限承载力,克服了传统塑性铰法和精细塑性铰法的局限性。但是由于未考虑前序塑性铰上轴力增量对结构平衡状态的影响,导致刚架结构在部分荷载工况下的计算结果出现较大误差。为此,该文通过建立平衡向量,提出了修正的广义塑性铰法计算格式,从而有效消除了塑性铰上轴力增量导致的不平衡状态及其对计算精度的影响。利用强度折减因子确定各构件在多内力组合作用下的修正截面强度,在此基础上利用齐次广义屈服函数定义单元承载比;根据最大单元承载比及其与外荷载之间的比例关系确定新增塑性铰的位置和荷载增量;进而利用广义屈服准则和转角位移方程建立了平衡向量,据此修正当前加载步的塑性铰位置和荷载增量,从而解决了广义塑性铰法不适用于部分荷载工况的问题;通过与不同方法对比分析,验证了该文方法具有更高的计算精度和计算效率。     

组合构件纤维模型的建模策略-单元划分和截面离散

为兼顾纤维模型的精度、效率和数值稳定性,对纤维模型用于组合构件非线性分析时的建模策略进行参数分析,重点研究了合理单元划分方式和高效截面离散模式。当采用一点积分的基于位移的标准有限单元纤维模型时,合理的单元网格尺寸建议选为跨中集中加载简支构件等效塑性铰长度的一半,从而可准确模拟塑性铰区的曲率突变特征,并有效克服应变软化导致的病态网格依赖问题。当采用纤维中点积分准则以及纤维均匀分布模式时,分别采用8根、24根、32根纤维离散组合梁、圆形钢管混凝土及矩形钢管混凝土截面,就能足够准确地模拟组合构件在复杂往复荷载作用下的滞回特性。     

薄壁扁球壳在撞击载荷下的动态响应和吸能特性研究

对薄壁扁球壳结构撞击刚性板的动态响应和吸能特性进行了研究。通过不同材料特性和撞击速度下半径R与厚度t比值较大（R／t〉250）的扁球壳与刚性板的撞击试验，分析了此类球壳结构的动态响应和吸能特性。以能量守恒为基础，结合大变形薄壳理论和塑性铰方法，建立了撞击力与变形关系、撞击初速度与最大压缩位移的理论分析模型。通过理论计算和试验结果的对比，验证了理论分析模型的正确性，可以满足工程分析的需要。     

天然气管道管弯曲试验代替压扁试验可行性研究

天然气管道管检验项目中压扁和弯曲试验的选用因各标准体系间的差异存在一定分歧,所以依据压扁和弯曲的试验方法,利用ANSYS有限元模拟软件对钢管的压扁和弯曲试验分别进行模拟,实现对压扁和弯曲试验整个过程的直观分析。通过对比压扁和弯曲试样变形部位残余应力场的分布和变化,分析认为弯曲试验的塑性变形程度大于压扁试验,使钢管更难通过弯曲试验。所以,弯曲试验可以代替压扁试验用以评价钢管塑性变形的能力。最后比较模拟结果与实测试验结果,取得较好的一致性。     

钢管压扁断裂原因分析

用带钢制成的钢管在压扁试验中出现断裂。采用扫描电镜、能谱和金相分析等方法,对断裂试样进行了夹杂物、晶粒度、显微组织、断口及氧含量的检验和分析。结果表明,钢中夹杂物多和氧含量偏高是导致压扁断裂的主要原因。     

海洋结构CFRP环向约束钢管混凝土柱在压弯扭荷载下的力学性能研究

为了研究CFRP环向约束钢管混凝土柱在压弯扭复合荷载下的力学性能,该文开展了4个CFRP环向约束钢管混凝土柱和2个钢管混凝土柱的拟静力试验,主要参数为CFRP层数和轴压比,得到了在弯扭、压弯扭两种荷载作用下柱的破坏模式和荷载-变形曲线。试验结果表明, CFRP环向约束钢管混凝土柱的破坏模式为弯型破坏,其破坏过程为:塑性铰区域钢管局部屈曲、CFRP形成环向裂纹,随后CFRP断裂、与钢管剥离,最后钢管局部屈曲部位开裂。轴力的存在会使得钢管更容易出现“象腿”破坏模式。在弯扭荷载下, CFRP环向约束对钢管混凝土的延性以及承载力提高不明显;在压弯扭荷载下, CFRP环向约束能有效提高钢管混凝土的延性及其耗能能力,减缓刚度退化,但对承载力的提高不明显。此外,增加CFRP层数能有效抑制钢管的局部屈曲,增强耗能能力。     

环口板加固T型方钢管节点在轴压作用下极限承载力研究

从理论分析、试验测试及有限元模拟三个方面对环口板加固T型方钢管节点的极限承载力进行了初步的研究工作。首先基于塑性铰线模型推导出了环口板加固T型方钢管节的极限承载力计算公式。然后对2 个环口板加固T型方钢管节点试件及2 个对应的未加固节点试件进行了在轴压作用下的承载力试验测试,结果表明环口板可以明显提高管节点的极限承载力。通过有限元法对试验试件进行了数值模拟,其结果与试验结果吻合较好,因而使用有限元法对9 个不同节点尺寸的加固模型及对应的9 个未加固节点模型进行了模拟,结果发现加固后节点的承载力均大于未加固节点的承载力。环口板加固T型方钢管节点的极限承载力计算公式在环口板有足够刚度,节点破坏模式为由局部屈曲导致形成塑性铰线破坏时可以获得较为精确的结果。     

钢框架-钢板墙和组合柱-钢梁框架振动台试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

为深入研究钢框架-钢板剪力墙和钢管混凝土柱-钢梁框架两种典型装配式结构体系的整体抗震性能和拓展其在高烈度区的应用,以甘肃省装配式示范工程中的两栋高层(10层)住宅建筑方案为原型,进行了1/8缩尺模型的地震模拟振动台试验。结果表明,钢框架-钢板剪力墙结构中的钢板剪力墙首先达到屈服状态,随后框架上出现塑性铰,塑性损伤主要集中在钢板墙及相邻梁端,个别1层柱脚出现损伤,体现了“多道抗震防线”的理念,巨震后(1.200g)结构的自振频率降幅约为19.5%(X向)和17.4%(Y向);钢管混凝土柱-钢梁框架结构的损伤主要在1层、4层及5层梁端,1层柱脚也出现少量塑性铰,体现了“强节点弱构件”的设计原则,巨震后结构的自振频率降幅约为19.5%(X向)和17.8%(Y向)。两类结构体系均能实现“小震不坏、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标,具有良好的抗震性能。此外,结构体系的侧向变形模式与整体结构的刚度分布密切相关,并且随着地震动峰值的增大愈加明显,钢框架-钢板剪力墙的抗侧刚度沿着高度呈降低趋势,整体呈现弯曲型的特征,钢管混凝土柱-钢梁框架(1层除外)抗侧刚度沿着高度分布较均匀,整体呈现剪切型的特征。     

The inextensional collapse of grooved thin-walled cylinders of PVC under axial loading

An inextensional collapse mechanism is considered for the crumpling of thin-walled, grooved tubes and tubes without any discontinuities (non-grooved), when subject to axial load.Shortening of the tube (or shell) height is achieved by folding in a non-aximmetric diamond mode about stationary circumferential and inclined plastic hinges; collapse is initiated at the thinnest section of the tube (groove) and spreads along the various rings and grooves of which the tube consists, by passage as a travelling hinge. Expressions for the mean collapse load when the shell material is rigid-perfectly plastic are developed.Predicted loads based on the collapse modes encountered, when compared with those obtained experimentally, using rigid PVC tubes of constant axial length and groove dimensions (depth and length), are found to be in good agreement.     

Static and dynamic axial crushing of spot-welded thin-walled composite steel–CFRP square tubes

Thin-walled metallic tubular components have long been adopted in the transportation industries, where the stable energy absorbing crushing process provides protection to occupants and cargo in the event of a collision. Fibre–epoxy tubes provide superior strength to weight ratios, however brittle failure modes may limit their energy absorbing capacity under large axial deformation. Composite steel–CFRP (carbon fibre-reinforced polymer) tubes are a recent advent, and combine the benefits of the stable, ductile plastic collapse mechanism of the steel and the high strength to weight ratio of the fibre/resin composite, to form a composite tube with high energy absorption capability. In this paper the applicability of steel–CFRP tubes to structures typical to the automotive industry is investigated. Thin-walled square tubes with width to thickness ratios up to 120 are cold-formed and spot-welded from high strength, low ductility steel, and subjected to static and dynamic axial compression. Four different steel tube geometries and two different carbon fibre matrix layouts are investigated, and comparisons are made between static and dynamic crushing, steel and composite steel–CFRP tubes, and regular and low ductility steels. It is shown that the crashworthiness properties of the steel–CFRP tubes exceed those of the steel tubes, however some issues particular to low ductility steels and such steels under impact conditions prove detrimental to the crashworthiness characteristics. Theoretical procedures are developed to design the crashworthiness characteristics of the composite tubes, and are shown to compare well with the experimental results.     

A novel method for producing of steel tubes with Al foam core

In this study, the aluminum foam filling steel tube was produced by powder metallurgy and cold welding process. By this method, Al powder mixed with 0.6 wt.% TiH₂ powder and then pressed into the steel tube. This filled tube was treated in temperature above aluminum melting point for releasing the hydrogen gas by decomposition of TiH₂ particles for providing of foam production conditions. For the first time, the steel tube with Al foam core produced by this method, without using of binder or fitting. Main advantage of these filled tubes is high energy absorption. Energy absorption is very useful in automobile and railway industry. Lightweight is another advantage of these tubes for these applications. It is found that the Al foam filling steel tubes absorb higher energy with respect to the sum of the energy absorptions of the steel tube and aluminum foam alone.     

高层斜交网格筒-核心筒结构抗震性能分析

摘　要：斜交网格筒新型结构体系具有较大的抗侧刚度,为建造高层、超高层结构提供了有利条件,目前已在国内外有多例成功实践,但相关抗震性能研究还很少。采用Perform-3D程序对典型钢管混凝土斜交网格筒-钢筋混凝土内筒结构进行了静力弹塑性分析。总结了体系塑性发展过程及构件屈服顺序,给出了斜交网格筒屈服路径,并从斜交网格筒作用力的变化阐述了内外筒间内力重分配的原因,明确了内外筒内力分配特点。基于内外筒抗侧刚度的发展过程,探讨了结构抗侧刚度退化的主要原因。     

钢管铅阻尼器构造优化及模拟分析

钢管铅阻尼器端部构造形式直接影响其破坏形式及力学性能。该文首先对钢管铅阻尼器钢管过渡段构造形式进行改进,提出一种新的构造形式;其次,建立钢管铅阻尼器的有限元模型,提出适合钢管铅阻尼器的金属材料随动强化混合模型参数的计算公式,开发了便于准确、快速建立钢管铅阻尼器有限元模型的参数化建模平台;再次,对比有限元分析与钢管铅阻尼器试验的结果,验证有限元模型的可靠性;最后,采用该有限元模型对改进的构造形式进行分析。研究结果表明:1）钢管铅阻尼器外钢管过渡段采用新的构造形式,能够增加过渡段强度,有效控制阻尼器塑性分布,使得阻尼器的变形和耗能集中在中部,防止阻尼器由于端部连接破坏而使阻尼器过早退出工作;2）采用该文提出的金属材料随动强化混合模型参数计算公式所建立的钢管铅阻尼器有限元模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;3）钢管铅阻尼器参数化建模平台可以准确、快速建立不同构造参数的钢管铅阻尼器有限元模型,为大批量参数分析提供高效、可靠的工具。     

爆炸压实工艺参数对钢管能量与变形的影响

为了指导研究爆炸压实工艺参数的选择,通过改变爆轰速度与装药厚度来改变爆炸冲击能,重点研究爆炸压实工艺参数对钢管能量与变形的影响.研究表明:当其他工艺因素相同、仅爆轰速度不同时,将导致爆轰压力、钢管壁速度、爆炸冲击能、粉末压实能等显著不同,但钢管的变形与能量却几乎不变;当采用爆轰速度极高的黑索今炸药时,由于爆轰压力与爆炸冲击能过高,导致钢管头部被切掉;对硝酸脲炸药而言,随着装药厚度与炸药/钢管质量比增加,钢管的能量与变形、爆炸冲击能与粉末压实能单调增加.     

玻璃钢包装筒结构设计及成形工艺

目的在不影响产品性能的情况下,减小产品质量,降低生产成本。方法将钢质包装筒改成玻璃钢包装筒,并进行了力学性能检测、防水性能检测和气密性能检测,并将2种包装筒的使用性能进行了对比。结果玻璃钢包装筒的表面质量、尺寸、力学性能、防水性能、气密性能等各方面性能,均满足产品使用要求。结论成功实现了用玻璃钢包装筒代替钢质包装筒的工艺技术改进,降低了产品的成本,获得了价格优势,增强了市场竞争力。     

Experimental investigation into the axial plastic collapse of steel thin-walled grooved tubes

Experimental investigations were conducted into the quasi-static collapse and energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled steel tubes containing a number of geometrical discontinuities in the form of grooves of constant depth and axial length. The failure modes and load-deflection characteristics are discussed and compared with the corresponding theoretical values. An inextensional collapse mechanism is used to describe a non-symmetrical diamond mode shell folding which takes into account the concept of stationary circumferential and inclinded travelling hinges.     

AZ31B镁合金挤压矩形管的轴向压溃试验与吸能特性分析

对AZ31B镁合金挤压矩形截面管进行准静态轴向压溃试验,研究其破坏模式和吸能特性,并探索管件长度、截面尺寸、倒角诱导因素等对吸能特性的影响。结果发现镁合金矩形管轴向压溃时存在两种破坏模式:整体破坏模式和渐进破坏模式,无倒角时管件发生整体破坏,而管端有倒角时主要从倒角端开始发生渐进破坏。渐进破坏模式有利于管件吸收能量。镁合金管件具有良好的吸能特性,其比吸能优于钢管、铝合金管和复合材料管。     

Energy Absorption Characteristics of Dual Phase Steel Tubes Under Static and Dynamic Loading

Abstract: Thin walled tubes are used as energy absorbing elements in automobile applications. The circular tube proves to be a popular energy absorber because it provides a reasonably constant operating force which is the prime characteristics of the energy absorber. Square and rectangular tubes are widely used in automobile structures as these cross sections are suitable for welding with other components in the structure and hence highly preferred. Advanced high strength steels can be utilised to absorb crash energy and minimise intrusion in the occupant zone. In this work circular, square and rectangular tubes made up of dual phase steel are tested in static and dynamic conditions. All the tubes are subjected to same amount of input impact energy but the specific energy absorption is higher in circular steel tubes. The results are compared with those for annealed tubes of same cross section. The effect of impact velocity is also studied by keeping the impact mass constant and varying the drop height. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results and good agreement is found.