芳纶浆粕/单甲基丙烯酸锌/炭黑并用增强氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的高温力学性能

将芳纶浆粕用炭黑隔离预处理后,与单甲基丙烯酸锌和炭黑共同作为增强剂制备了氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)复合材料。扫描电镜分析结果表明,经预处理的芳纶浆粕表面包裹着一层炭黑粒子且在橡胶基质中均匀分散。力学性能测试结果表明,芳纶浆粕的加入使得HNBR复合材料的硬度和扯断永久变形增大、扯断伸长率下降;温度升至70℃后复合材料的强度和扯断伸长率均大幅下降,5份(质量)以上用量的芳纶浆粕会明显提高复合材料的强度,且在高温下强度下降的趋势减缓。热重和差示扫描量热分析结果表明,随芳纶浆粕用量的增加,HNBR复合材料的玻璃化转变温度和耐热性能均先降低后升高。芳纶浆粕的加入使得HNBR复合材料的弹性降低、刚性增强,因此其用量不宜过多。     

对位芳纶短纤维/氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的制备及其结构性能

采用综合性能优异的氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)和耐高温对位芳纶短纤维复合,制备了高强度、高模量和耐高温的复合材料,比较了芳纶短纤维类型、纤维用量等对复合材料力学性能和流变行为的影响。结果表明,芳纶浆粕(PPTA-pulp)比芳纶短切纤维(DCF)对橡胶有更佳的增强效果,二者都能明显提高HNBR的高温强度,但PPTA-pulp的效果更为明显。PPTA-pulp增强橡胶复合材料的挤出物外观性能也较DCF增强橡胶复合材料好。     

芳纶浆粕对丁腈橡胶性能的影响

研究预处理芳纶浆粕对丁腈橡胶(NBR)性能的影响。结果表明:随着芳纶浆粕用量的增大,NBR胶料的焦烧时间呈缩短趋势,M H逐渐增大,硫化胶的硬度和50%定伸应力增大,拉断伸长率减小,撕裂强度先增大后减小,耐油性能提高,剪切储能模量增大;加入芳纶浆粕的硫化胶热稳定性优于未加芳纶浆粕的硫化胶;预处理芳纶浆粕在NBR中分散均匀。     

芳纶浆粕补强炭黑/氟醚橡胶复合材料的研究

研究芳纶浆粕对炭黑N990/氟醚橡胶复合材料的物理性能、微观结构和耐低温性能的影响，为高性能氟醚橡胶复合材料的开发提供参考。结果表明：添加1份未经热处理芳纶浆粕和热处理芳纶浆粕的氟醚橡胶复合材料的硫化特性和动态力学性能无明显变化，100%定伸应力、300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度提高；热处理芳纶浆粕在橡胶基体中的分散性和与橡胶基体的界面粘接性较好，对氟醚橡胶复合材料的补强效果更为显著；添加1份未经热处理芳纶浆粕和热处理芳纶浆粕对氟醚橡胶复合材料的耐低温性能影响较小，可在保持氟醚橡胶复合材料良好的耐低温性能的基础上提高其物理性能。     

针状硅酸盐/SBR复合材料的性能研究

对凹凸棒石进行表面改性得到预处理凹凸棒石（PAT），研究PAT／SBR复合材料的加工性能、物理性能及动态力学性能等。结果表明，PAT用量增大，PAT／SBR复合材料的门尼粘度先升后降，t10和t90缩短，邵尔A型硬度、定伸应力和拉伸强度提高，耐磨性能下降，压缩疲劳温升、永久变形和损耗因子tanδ值增大；PAT和预处理白炭黑（PWCB）用量相同时，PAT／SBR复合材料的门尼粘度、压缩疲劳温升和tanδ值小于、静压缩率和初动压缩率大于PWCB／SBR复合材料。     

硅酸盐纳米短纤维补强HNBR复合材料的性能研究

将原位改性针状硅酸盐（FS）与氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）机械共混制备FS／HNBR复合材料，研究FS的干燥、改性剂种类与用量对复合材料物理性能的影响。试验结果表明，改性FS在HNBR中分散良好，复合材料具有短纤维补强橡胶的应力-应变特性和明显的各向异性；FS的加入可显著提高复合材料的100％定伸应力、拉伸强度和压缩模量；当偶联剂KH-570用量为4～6份时，复合材料的物理性能最佳；干燥FS补强的复合材料具有更好的拉伸性能并可在高温下仍然保持良好的压缩性能。     

ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR的结构与性能

以甲基丙烯酸锌(ZDMA)/白炭黑填充氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR),研究ZDMA/白炭黑并用比、硫化剂DCP用量及硫化时间对HNBR硫化胶结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在填料总量不变的前提下,随着白炭黑用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶拉伸强度和压缩永久变形先减小后增大,填料分散性下降;随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶物理性能和动态性能提高,填料分散性变好。当ZDMA/白炭黑并用比为10/30、硫化剂DCP用量为5～6份、一段硫化条件为160℃×45min、二段硫化条件为150℃×(9～12)h时,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶综合性能较好。     

新型芳纶浆粕短纤维补强CR复合材料结构与性能的研究

采用芳纶浆粕预处理方法专利技术对芳纶浆粕超细短纤维表面进行改性处理，制备在橡胶基质中纤维分散性良好的芳纶浆粕预分散体。通过对未处理芳纶浆粕和芳纶浆粕预分散体补强CR复合材料宏观性能和微观结构形态关系的对比研究，证实该专利技术的可行性，同时探讨了纤维状硅酸盐作为填料对芳纶浆粕纤维和芳纶短纤维补强CR复合材料物理性能的影响。     

硅烷偶联剂原位改性白炭黑填充氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的性能研究

对比硅烷偶联剂常温处理和原位改性白炭黑填充氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)胶料的性能,并研究不同种类硅烷偶联剂原位改性白炭黑对HNBR胶料性能的影响。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂原位改性白炭黑填充HNBR胶料的门尼粘度降低,加工性能改善,Payne效应减弱,硫化胶的拉伸强度增大,压缩永久变形减小;采用硅烷偶联剂A151或WD70原位改性的HNBR胶料的加工性能和物理性能较好,压缩永久变形较小,改性效果较优。     

硅烷偶联剂KH-550对IIR/炭黑N220/白炭黑纳米复合材料性能的影响

研究硅烷偶联剂KH-550对IIR／炭黑N220/白炭黑纳米复合材料的硫化特性、物理性能、动态性能及压缩模量的影响。扫描电子显微镜照片显示，硅烷偶联剂KH-550能较好地增强白炭黑与橡胶大分子之间的键合。试验表明，硅烷偶联剂KH-550可使纳米复合材料的MH增大。t10缩短,t90延长；当用量为3份时。纳米复合材料的物理性能最佳。其tanδ值减小，E’和E^N增大；纳米复合材料的压缩模量随硅烷偶联剂KH550用量的增大而增大。     

Effects of Carbon Black on the Properties of HNBR Reinforced by in-situ Prepared ZDMA

Hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) filled with carbon black (CB) and in-situ prepared zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) was prepared by mechanical mixing method. The effects of carbon black on the vulcanization characteristics, physical and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal stability and the fracture surface morphologies of HNBR reinforced by in-situ prepared ZDMA (HNBR/ZDMA) were investigated. The results showed that, for given ZDMA loading (50 phr), with the increasing CB content, the scorch time extended, tensile strength, tear strength and elongation at break increased at first and then decreased, while the modulus at 100% and hardness increased. The comprehensive properties of the HNBR/ZDMA/CB was optimal, when the content of CB was 10 phr. DMA analysis showed that the addition of CB could enhance the storage modulus (E’) & loss modulus (E”), and decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of HNBR/ZDMA. TGA analysis revealed that the addition of CB could improve the thermal stability of HNBR/ZDMA. SEM analysis showed that the CB dispersed well in the HNBR/ZDMA, and the CB could improve the dispersion of ZDMA effectively.     

单甲基丙烯酸锌对HNBR复合材料的增强行为研究

以单甲基丙烯酸锌作为补强剂,采用机械混炼法制备了ZMMA/HNBR纳米复合材料,研究了单甲基丙烯酸锌对氢化丁腈橡胶的补强效果,用热失重分析(TG)、差失扫描热量分析(DSC)及材料拉力机等测试方法对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征测试。实验结果表明,随着ZMMA用量的增加,复合材料的焦烧时间和正硫化时间均呈减少趋势,橡胶复合材料的交联密度逐渐增加,与高分子拉伸取向行为关联不大100%定伸强度和撕裂强度均增加,扯断伸长率呈单调降低。当ZMMA用量为30 phr时,HNBR复合材料的拉伸强度出现最大值。同时,ZMMA聚合物的存在导致材料的最快分解温度和玻璃化转变温度向高温移动,提高了HNBR复合材料的热稳定性。     

交联密度对氢化丁腈橡胶热性能的影响

用核磁共振法(NMR)测定了氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)的横向弛豫时间(T21),用以反映硫化胶的交联密度,并研究了交联密度对硫化胶热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着硫化剂DCP用量的增多,胶料交联密度增大,玻璃化转变温度升高,耐热性提高,拉伸强度先增大后减小,拉断伸长率、永久变形和撕裂强度明显减小。     

Structure,morphology, and properties of HNBR filled with N550, SiO2, ZDMA,and two of three kinds of fillers

The vulcanization properties, mechanical properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) filled with carbon black (N550), zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA), SiO₂ independently and two of three kinds of fillers together were investigated, respectively. The filler‐dispersion was characterized by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic mechanical properties. The results showed that HNBR composite filled with SiO₂ or ZDMA displayed high tensile strength, elongation at break and compression set. The HNBR composite filled with N550 displayed low compression set, tensile strength and elongation at break. The dispersion of SiO₂ in HNBR compound was better than that in HNBR vulcanizates because of SiO₂ particles self‐aggregation in vulcanizing processing. ZDMA particles with micron rod‐like and silky shape in HNBR compounds changed into near‐spherical poly‐ZDMA particles with nano size in HNBR vulcanizates by in situ polymerization reaction. The N550 particles morphology exhibited no much change between HNBR compounds and vulcanizates. N550/ZDMA have the most effective reinforcement to HNBR and the appropriate amount of ZDMA is about 25% of total filler amount by weights. The theory prediction for Payne effect (dispersion of the filler) shown by the dynamic properties is identical with actual state observed by TEM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

HTBN/PTMG软段共混聚氨酯/芳纶浆粕纤维复合材料的制备与性能研究

以端羟基聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物（HTBN）、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、扩链剂3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺（DMTDA）为原料,芳纶浆粕纤维为填料制备聚氨酯脲（PUU）弹性体,并对其结构、性能进行了研究。结果表明：随着PTMG含量的增加,拉伸强度不断增加,撕裂强度先降低后升高;PTMG的加入使材料的耐温性提高,玻璃化转变温度（Tg）降低。     

Prepared hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR)/organo–montmorillonite nanocomposites by the melt intercalation method

The polymer, Hydrogenated Nitrile‐Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) was melt compounded with organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT). The dispersion of the OMMT in the HNBR matrix was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated that at the temperature of 100°C, the organoclay belong to the exfoliated and interlayer structure. The effect of sulfur on the dispersion of OMMT in the polymer matrix was also studied. The vulcanization changed the dispersion of OMMT in polymer matrix greatly and the basal spacing of clay layers is decreased after vulcanization. The mechanical properties, Akron abrasion and the crude oil medium aging‐resistant of HNBR nanocomposites were examined as a function of the OMMT content in the matrix of polymer. The results of the test show remarkable improvement in tensile strength, tear strength, aging‐resistant, and hardness of HNBR nanocomposites than that of unfilled HNBR. It is obvious that the 10 phr of OMMT filled nanocomposites have the best mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

漆酶和木聚糖酶预处理对麦草浆漂白性能的影响

生物漂白主要目的在于通过对纸浆预处理,减少后续漂白时漂剂用量,降低漂白废水对环境污染,同时改善纸浆性能。通过漆酶/木聚糖酶体系(LXS)和重组木聚糖酶(X)对麦草浆预处理,比较它们对浆料脱木素能力和漂白性能的影响。结果表明:麦草浆经过两种酶预处理后,都能降低浆料卡伯值,而漆酶处理后降低的幅度更大,与原浆和木聚糖酶处理浆相比分别降低32.64%和6.47%,但是在木聚糖酶处理液中能检测到更多的还原糖;两种酶处理浆在后续漂白中漂白至与对照浆相近白度时均能节省50%漂剂用量,且能改善浆料物理强度;比较两种酶对浆料漂白性能的影响,则是在相同漂剂用量时木聚糖酶漂白浆的白度稍高,而浆料得率和强度稍低;两种酶处理浆料的纤维素结晶度测定表明酶处理前后浆料的纤维素的结晶结构没有明显的变化,而且纤维素的结晶度都有不同程度的提高。通过扫描电镜观察以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,从理论上说明两者脱木素的差异。     

纳米填料填充氢化丁腈橡胶的性能及压缩形态特征

研究了不同的炭黑( N 330,N 550,N 770,N 990) 、甲基丙烯酸锌及炭黑N 770 与甲基丙烯酸锌并用填充氢化丁腈橡胶( HNBR) 的性能,用橡胶加工分析仪和透射电镜分析了填料的分散性、形态变化及其与胶料压缩永久变形的关系。结果表明,随炭黑粒径增大,胶料的力学性能有所降低,Payne 效应减小( 即炭黑的分散性变好) ,压缩永久变形减小。炭黑填充胶料具有较好的耐热老化和耐油性能,相比较而言,炭黑N 770 填充胶料的综合性能最好。在填充30 份( 质量) 炭黑N 770 的HNBR 中并用适量的甲基丙烯酸锌,随其用量增加胶料的强度和扯断伸长率明显增大,压缩永久变形增大,Payne 效应变化不大。透射电镜分析结果表明,高温下长时间压缩后,炭黑粒子间的距离缩短,粒子有聚集现象,但粒子本身未发生变形。这表明炭黑填充胶料的压缩永久变形主要源于橡胶分子结构的变化、炭黑粒子的聚集及分布状态的变化。聚甲基丙烯酸锌在HNBR 中的纳米分散性优异。由于压缩后该离聚体粒子易产生滑移、变形和明显的聚集现象,对大分子网络弹性恢复的阻碍作用远高于炭黑,因而胶料的压缩永久变形比炭黑填充者要大得多。     

Mechanical properties,flame retardancy,hot‐air ageing,and hot‐oil ageing resistance of ethylene‐vinyl acetate rubber/hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber/magnesium hydroxide composites

The mechanical properties, flame retardancy, hot‐air ageing, and hot‐oil ageing resistance of ethylene‐vinyl acetate rubber (EVM)/hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR)/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites were studied. With increasing HNBR fraction, elongation at break and tear strength of the EVM/HNBR/MH composites increased, whereas the limited oxygen index and Shore A hardness decreased slightly. Hot‐air ageing resistance and hot‐oil ageing resistance of the composites became better with increasing HNBR fraction. Thermal gravimetric analysis results demonstrated that the presence of MH and low HNBR fraction could improve the thermal stability of the composites. Differential scanning calorimeter revealed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the composites shifted toward low temperatures with increasing HNBR fraction, which was also confirmed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Atomic force microscope images showed MH has a small particle size and good dispersion in the composites with high HNBR fraction. The flame retardancy, extremely good hot‐oil ageing, and hot‐air ageing resistance combined with good mechanical properties performance in a wide temperature range (?30°C to 150°C) make the EVM/HNBR/MH composites ideal for cables application. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

HNBR4种补强填充体系的研究

分别研究了炭黑N330,炭黑N550,炭黑N660和炭黑N774对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）硫化特性和力学性能的影响,并考察了4种炭黑在HNBR中的分散度和Payne效应。结果表明,炭黑N550的胶料焦烧时间和正硫化时间均最长,分散度最好。随着炭黑粒径的逐渐增大,硫化胶拉伸强度、定伸应力和硬度均逐渐减小,拉断伸长率却逐渐增大。4种炭黑胶料的Payne效应强弱顺序为炭黑N330〉炭黑N550〉炭黑N660〉炭黑N774。