An Error Probability Formula for M-ary DPSK in Fast Rician Fading and Gaussian Noise

A formula for the symbol error probability is derived which applies to differential detection ofM-ary phase-shift keying (MDPSK) in fast Rician fading and white Gaussiau noise. This formula is an extension of a result already known for MDPSK in Gaussian noise interference.     

The Distribution of Error Probability for Rayleigh Fading and Gaussian Noise

The distribution function of the probability of error in the presence of Rayleigh fading and Gaussian noise is determined for the basic binary modulation schemes of coherent frequencyshift keying (CFSK), noncoherent frequency-shift keying (NCFSK), differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), and coherent phase-shift keying (CPSK). General expressions for the distribution function of error probability are also derived when linear maximal-ratio diversity combining is employed. Results are given for various values of average error probability and various orders of diversity.     

Probability of Block Error for Very Slow Rayleigh Fading in Gaussian Noise

Expressions for probability of block error,P_{f}(M,N), the probability of more thanMerrors in a block ofNdigits, are derived for binary signaling over a channel with very slow nonselective Reyleigh fading and additive Gaussian noise. The analysis is applicable to noncoherent FSK, coherent FSK, and coherent PSK signaling. An asymptotic expression for the block error probability, suitable for high signal-to-noise ratio, is also derived. Computations ofP_{f}(0,N)are presented for a broad range of error probabilities and block sizes, and the characteristics of block error probabilities for the fading and nonfading cases are compared.     

Error Probability and SINR Analysis of Optimum Combining in Rician Fading

This paper considers the analysis of optimum combining systems in the presence of both co-channel interference and thermal noise. We address the cases where either the desired-user or the interferers undergo Rician fading. Exact expressions are derived for the moment generating function of the SINR which apply for arbitrary numbers of antennas and interferers. Based on these, we obtain expressions for the symbol error probability with M-PSK. For the case where the desireduser undergoes Rician fading, we also derive exact closed-form expressions for the moments of the SINR. We show that these moments are directly related to the corresponding moments of a Rayleigh system via a simple scaling parameter, which is investigated in detail. Numerical results are presented to validate the analysis and to examine the impact of Rician fading on performance.     

Block Error Probability for Noncoherent FSK with Diversity for Very Slow Rayleigh Fading in Gaussian Noise

Expressions are derived for the average probability of block errorP_{f}(M, N), i.e., the probability of more thanMerrors in a block ofNsymbols. The average is formed over the inatantaneous receiver signal-to-noise ratio after combining. Binary frequency-shift keying with noncoherent detection is transmitted over a very slow nonselective Rayleigh fading channel and received in additive Gaussian noise. Diversity is used and the branch fading is assumed independent. Formulas forP_{f}(M, N)are derived for both ideal selection combining and maximal ratio combining.     

Interference Cancellation in CDMA Systems Employing Complementary Codes Under Rician Fading Channels

The ideal correlation properties of single user code division multiple access (CDMA) systems with complementary codes (CC) are lost by multiple access interference and near–far effects in downlink frequency selective fading channels. This severity in interference has motivated to develop ways to overcome the threats with suitable suboptimal interference cancellation schemes. In this paper, we propose successive interference cancellation (SIC) for downlink CDMA systems with CC to improve the system capacity and reduce error rate under near–far situations. Theoretical study and extensive simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of proposed SIC under frequency selective Rician fading channels in achieving frequency diversity gain, close to theoretical lower bound in complementary coded CDMA (CC-CDMA) systems.     

Error Probability Distribution and Density Functions for Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channels with Diversity

This paper analyzes the distribution and density functions of the probability of error for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels with diversity. An expression for the signal-to-noise ratio is derived for an asynchronous CDMA (A-CDMA) system with diversity. The error probability distribution and density functions are derived and plotted for different mean energy-to-noise ratios.

瑞利衰落信道MDPSK相位比较解调性能

本文提出一种适合于瑞利衰落信道多进制差分相移键控系统相位比较解调的性能分析方法，推导出符号错误率解析表示式，考虑了瑞利衰落、时间选择性衰落和高斯白噪声对体制性能的影响，并针对衰落功率谱为高斯型和矩形分别对二进制、四进制和八进制情形进行了数值计算。     

Error Rates for Fading NCFSK Signals in an Additive Mixture of Impulsive and Gaussian Noise

The effects of slow and nonselective signal fading on the performance of multilevel noucoherent FSK (NCFSK) systems in an additive mixture of Gaussian and highly impulsive noise are analyzed. For binary systems the bit error rate is derived; forM-ary NCFSK systems upper and lower bounds of the character error probability are obtained. The analysis is performed considering the maximum likelihood receiver for additive white Gaussian noise.     

Effect of Microdiversity and Macrodiversity on Average Bit Error Probability in Gamma‐Shadowed Rician Fading Channels

In this letter, we analyze the error performance of a mobile communication system with microdiversity and macrodiversity reception in gamma‐shadowed Rician fading channels for a binary differential phase‐shift keying modulation scheme. Analytical expressions for the probability density function (PDF) and moment‐generating function (MGF) are derived. The average bit error probability can be calculated by averaging the conditional bit error probability over the PDF or using the MGF‐based approach. Numerical results are graphically presented to show the effects of macrodiversity, correlation, number of diversity branches, and severity of both fading and shadowing.     

在脉冲噪声环境中用于快衰信道估计的改进型算法

该文分析了在存在噪声干扰的情况下,进行估计快衰信道的方法。在无线通信系统中,快衰信道可以采用AR(Auto-Regressive)模型进行预测,而LS (Least Square)算法和自适应Kalman滤波器可以分别对AR模型的参数和信道的冲激响应进行估计,但是这两种算法对噪声干扰非常敏感。该文提出改进型的RLM算法和Kalman 滤波器,并在存在噪声的情况下,使用它们并行对AR参数和信道的冲激响应进行联合估计。仿真结果显示：相比于传统的算法,改进后的算法在联合估计信道时,提高了抵抗大脉冲干扰的能力,加快了待估的参数的收敛速度。     

An Upper Bound on the Error Probability for Differential Phase-Shift Keying in the Presence of Additive Gaussian White Noise and Peak-Limited Interference

A new upper bound on the error probability for differential phase-shift keyed transmission in the presence of additive Gaussian white noise (AGWN) and peak-limited interference is estimated using numerical techniques. An error probability expression is evaluated for various interference angles and the maximum value found is chosen as the upper bound. A simple approximation is presented and found to be close to the upper bound. This upper bound is shown to be a realistic bound, hence it could be useful for practical design purposes.     

Effect of Channel Estimation Error on Bit Error Probability in OFDM Systems over Rayleigh and Ricean Fading Channels

A characteristic function-based method is used to derive closed-form bit error probability (BEP) expressions for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in the presence of channel estimation error over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels and frequency-selective Ricean fading channels. Both single channel reception and diversity reception with maximal ratio combining (MRC) are examined. The BEP expressions are shown to be sums of several conditional probability functions which can be calculated by using proper complex Gaussian random variable theory and a characteristic function method. The closed-form BEP expressions can be used to accurately investigate the bit error rate performance degradation caused by channel estimation error under different wireless channel environment models. The performances of two interpolation methods, a sine interpolator with Hamming windowing and a Wiener interpolator, are compared.     

Error Probabilities for Orthogonal Multiplex Systems in the Presence of Intersymbol Interference and Gaussian Noise

The transmission model for anN-dimensional system is extended to handle additive noise and timing error. An orthogonal multiplex system operating in the presence of additive noise and channel introduced inter- and intra-symbol interference is analyzed. Error probabilities are derived and results are reported for carder sets comprising trigonometric product waveforms, Walsh functions, parabolic cylinder functions, and prolate spheroidal wave functions.     

Detection of Unknown Signals in a Fading Environment

In this letter we consider the effect of combined slow and fast fading on the energy detection. We model the received signal power distribution and propose a simplified approximation to this distribution. The approximation allows us to derive the distribution of the decision variable at the detector?s output in closed-form. By using the suggested distribution, we find that in the block fading channel the impact of slow fading is not significant. In the case of multiple independent fast fading realizations with common slow fading value we can show how the slow fading starts to dominate the detection performance.     

Performance of Coherent PSK and DSPK Systems in an Impulsive and Gaussian Noise Environment

General probability of error expressions of coherent PSK and differentially coherent DPSK systems in the presence of both impulsive and Gaussian noise are derived. The presented impulsive and Gaussian channel disturbance is a first-order approximation to operational multichannel satellite and terrestrial microwave systems in which in addition to front-end Gaussian noise, out-of-band intermodulation noise is also present. Our analysis contains an extension of the method developed by Bello and Esposito [1], [2] to include the Gaussian as well as the impulsive noise environment. Computed results are presented for a one-pole bandpass filter and a lognormal impulse amplitude distribution. The numerical results show that a welldefined threshold region exists, above which the effect of the impulsive noise on the system performance is predominant. A comparative study of system performance having integrate-sample-and-dump receivers with sample-only receivers is presented.     

On the Error Probability Evaluation in Lightwave Systems With Optical Amplification

We review the time domain, frequency domain, and Fourier series Karhunen-Loeve series expansion (KLSE) methods for exact BER evaluation in intensity- and phase-modulated direct-detection optically amplified systems. We compare their complexity and computational efficiency, and discuss the most relevant implementation issues. We show that the method based on a Fourier series expansion has the simplest implementation and requires the minimum number of eigenvalues to converge to the exact BER value for various kind of optical filters. For this method, we also introduce an equivalent form of the moment generating function, that avoids the singularity for eigenvalues equal to zero, and derive an alternative expansion where signal and noise are expanded on the same orthonormal basis.     

广义多径信道MDPSK相位比较解调性能

本文提出了一种适合于广义多径信道多进制差分相移键控信号相位比较解调的性能分析方法，推导出符合平均错误率积分表达式。该表达式考虑了信号幅度衰落，时间选择性衰落和高斯白噪声对体制性能的影响。并针对几种形式的衰落功率谱分别对二进制，四进制和八进制的符号平均错误率进行了数值计算，讨论了衰落功率谱的形式对ＭＤＰＳＫ信号性能的影响，并给出了ＭＤＰＳＫ信号的“不可克服符号错误率”与衰落功率谱归一化带宽的关系曲线     

New Simple and Efficient Bounds on the Probability of Error in the Presence of Interference and Gaussian Noise

The problem of determining or of bounding the probability of error in the presence of intersymbol interference and Gaussian noise is an important one in data communications. In this concise paper we describe new upper and lower bounds for the probability of error when the peak distortion is finite (in practice, when the eye is open) and the data are independent. Over a range ofS/Nof interest in data communications; these bounds compare favorably with previously published bounds of similar complexity, especially when the eye opening is small. They can be applied to multilevel AM and CPSK transmission.