鼠尾藻中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯提取工艺及纯化研究

研究利用热水浸提法,复合酶解法提取鼠尾藻中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的最佳工艺参数及纯化工艺.结果表明:在pH为6,时间为5 h,温度为98℃,料液比为15的条件下浸提,鼠尾藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯提取率为3.15%,总硫酸根质量分数为0.87%;采用复合酶解法提取岩藻聚糖硫酸酯最佳条件为:复合酶添加量为1.7%,pH为5.5,时间为1h,温度为45℃,在该条件下鼠尾藻中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯提取率为3.6%,总硫酸根质量分数为1.1%,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯经DEAE-52阴离子纤维素变换层析分级得到F1、F2,F3,F4,F5五个组分,硫酸根含量分别为0、3.94%、6.57%、12.60%、38.08%.将含有硫酸根的组分F2、F3、F4、F5分别经Sephadex G-200凝胶柱层析分级纯化后得到f1、f2、f3、f4、f5、f6六个级分,其中f2、f4为大分子质量凝聚体,f1、f3、f5、f6相对分子质量分别为:4.05×104、7.13×104、1.325×105、7.99×104.     

巴拉圭茶多酚体外抗氧化性能研究

通过与茶多酚（TP）、绿原酸（CA）的对比试验,研究巴拉圭茶多酚（IPP）的抗氧化能力。采用羟自由基（·OH）、二苯代苦味酰自由基（DPPH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2^-·）的清除率测定法及TBA法评价IPP清除自由基和阻止亚油酸过氧化的能力。结果表明：IPP对·OH的清除效果良好（IC50=0．021mg／mL）;对DPPH清除能力（IC50=0．0098mg／mL）强于CA弱于TP;对O2^-·的清除能力（IC50=0．033mg／mL）强于CA稍弱于TP;对亚油酸也有很好的抗氧化作用。体外试验证明：IPP具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯及其酶解产物对 D-半乳糖氧化损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用

本文利用岩藻聚糖硫酸酯降解酶（EQFF）对大分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯进行降解,进而得到低分子量的酶解产物,比较并分析了酶解前后岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对D-半乳糖氧化损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用。将SPF级昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组、酶解物组、阳性对照组,饲养42 d后处死,测定血清和肝脏组织的抗氧化指标。试验结果表明,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯及其酶解产物与模型组相比都具有显著的抗氧化活性。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯酶解物组小鼠抑制血清和肝脏组织的？OH的活性达到500.67±35.67 U/mL和1821.34±162.02 U/mgprot,T-SOD活力达到101.82±3.98 U/mL和3053.36±245.88 U/mgprot;同时,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯酶解物组小鼠的血清CAT活力达到4.05±0.56 U/mL,GSH-Px活力达到348.88±29.22 U,说明低分子量的酶解产物比高分子量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯有更显著的抗氧化作用,为岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的应用提供了依据。     

围氏马尾藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用

目的：研究不同分子质量围氏马尾藻（Sargassum wigtii）岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法：建立高脂血症小鼠模型,给小鼠灌胃中、低分子质量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯（MMWF1、MMWF2和LMWF1、LMWF2）,测定小鼠体质量和肝脏指数以及血清脂质指标总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）含量,测定肝脏脂质指标TC、TG含量,探索岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降脂效果。结果：灌胃4 种不同分子质量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对高脂血症小鼠的体质量增长无显著影响,高剂量的4 种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯可明显降低高脂血症小鼠的肝脏指数（P＜0.05）。4 种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有显著降低高脂血症小鼠血清和肝脏TG、TC、LDL-C含量（P＜0.05）,提高HDL-C含量（P＜0.05）的作用,对动脉粥样硬化指数（atherosclerosis index,AI）也有明显降低效果（P＜0.05）,具有预防动脉粥样硬化生成的作用。结论：4 种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能够有效降低高脂血症小鼠血清和肝脏TC、TG含量,调节脂质代谢,有效缓解高脂血症,高剂量组作用最显著,剂量依赖性较明显。     

海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯降解及基本结构分析

用离子交换色谱法对海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗糖进行分离纯化,然后采用铜-过氧化氢氧化降解法获得低分子量多糖,对降解条件和产物进行研究。得出结论:离子交换色谱中加入一定浓度氯化钠,可以获得高硫酸根和岩藻糖含量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯。红外光谱和核磁共振分析确定硫酸根的位置在C2或C3上,糖构型属于α-D-吡喃糖。研究表明自由基氧化降解海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解条件与其硫酸根和岩藻糖含量有关,硫酸根含量越高,多糖越难以降解。最优降解条件:60℃下,500μL 20mg/mL糖溶液,加入0.0267mol/L乙酸铜,F3、F4加10μL 15%H2O2,F5加50μL15%H2O2,反应4h。采用PAGE凝胶电泳方法可以很好的分析氧化降解产物的分子量分布。     

芝麻酚清除O2^-·自由基的活性研究

通过改良邻苯三酚自氧化法（简称325nm法）测定芝麻酚清除自由基能力。试验表明：在等质量浓度条件下,芝麻酚对超氧阴离子自由基（O2^-·）的清除效率高于BHT及VE,当芝麻酚的质量浓度为0．8g／L时,对O2^-·自由基的清除率达到80．68％,高于BHT的77．12％及VE的55．65％。因此,芝麻酚具有较强的清除O2^-·自由基的能力。     

马尾藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯纯化及降血脂功能研究

以亨氏马尾藻为原料,运用超声波浸提工艺提取得到的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(SPF),采用乙醇分级沉淀法纯化后经脱脂、脱蛋白得到初级纯化的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,喂食高血脂症的小鼠,探讨其降血脂的功能。结果表明:亨氏马尾藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯高、中、低3个剂量组的降血脂效果都优于药品对照脂必妥的降血脂效果,并且以高剂量的降血脂效果最佳,能够极显著(P0.01)的降低总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯的含量,能显著(P0.05)提高高密度脂蛋白的含量,且高于空白组;能显著降低动脉硬化指数,动脉粥样硬化指数AI1和AI2都有极显著影响(P0.01)。说明亨氏马尾藻初级岩藻聚糖硫酸酯多糖具有明显的降血脂功能。     

海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的:采用免疫学评价方法,研究海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法:以海带粗多糖为原料,采用酸提取、离子交换和自由基氧化降解法制备得到不同的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分。KM小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组和海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分F-2、Fa和Fb的低、中、高剂量组。除正常组外,其余皮下注射氢化可的松造成免疫低下模型后灌胃。海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯F-2、Fa和Fb组小鼠分别灌胃F-2、Fa和Fb不同剂量多糖溶液(分别为25、50、100mg/(kg.d)),阳性对照组灌胃盐酸左旋咪唑(20mg/(kg.d)),进行免疫指标的测定。结果:F-2、Fa和Fb组均能显著提高免疫低下小鼠的脾脏质量/体质量比值,提高血清溶血素含量和提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力,且F-2和Fa组能增强迟发型变态反应能力,但Fb组对迟发型变态反应能力无显著性影响。结论:海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对免疫低下小鼠具有较好的免疫调节作用,且中、低分子质量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对免疫低下小鼠的免疫调节作用没有显著性差异。     

岩藻低聚糖的酶法制备及活性分析

利用岩藻聚糖硫酸酯酶对岩藻聚糖硫酸酯进行降解,获得岩藻低聚糖。利用均匀设计和正交设计方法,设计122组试验,通过Matlab软件建立3层BP网络模型模拟酶解过程,运用遗传算法对上述网络进行寻优。并利用D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠模型,对岩藻低聚糖和岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的抗氧化活性进行对比研究。结果表明,在加酶量0～24U/mg、酶解温度20～40℃、酶解时间0～4h的酶解条件下,产物分子质量会发生显著性变化,选取上述范围作为寻优范围。遗传算法寻优结果表明,当加酶量20.7U/mg、酶解温度26℃、酶解时间2.3h时,能够获得最大抗氧化活性的岩藻低聚糖,该产物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率达到85.1%,分子质量为18.2kDa。体内动物实验结果表明,岩藻低聚糖较岩藻聚糖硫酸酯在羟自由基清除率、丙二醛活力及减少过氧化氢酶含量等抗氧化指标方面都有显著提高（P＜0.05）。本实验为工业化制备高抗氧化活性岩藻聚糖硫酸酯水解产物提供了一定实验支撑。     

厚叶海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯分离纯化及其体外肿瘤抑制活性研究

本研究以日本厚叶海带(Kjellmaniella crassifolia)中提取的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(Fuciodan)为原料,采用DEAESepharose Fast Flow弱阴离子交换柱层析分离纯化,通过苯酚-硫酸法和氯化钡-明胶法检测各组分中多糖及硫酸根(SO_4~2)含量,MTT法分析50、200、800μg/m L的日本厚叶海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗品(F)及分离组分对肝癌细胞Hep G2、肺癌细胞A549和结肠癌细胞HT-29细胞存活率影响。研究结果表明,DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow弱阴离子交换柱对粗品F的分离纯化效果良好,可以得到5个组分(F-0、F-1、F-2、F-3和F-4);组分F-4多糖与SO_4~(2-)含量最高,分别为64.25%和26.32%。MTT实验结果显示,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗品及各分离组分对三种肿瘤细胞均具有肿瘤抑制活性,不同组分对HepG2、A549、HT-29的最低细胞存活率分别为67.69%、56.03%和27.56%。基于以上研究结果,表明日本厚叶海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有很大的发展潜力,开发成为一种有效的天然抗肿瘤药物。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．