模块化Prolog的研究与实现

为使系自行研制的Prolog解释系统GKD-Prolog能够支持大型知识系统的开发,我们设计并实现了一个模块化Prolog系统——GKD—Modlog,同时引入了模块和执行环境的概念。这些概念不仅丰富了Prolog语言本身,而且使Prolog更适于知识的表示和操作。本文描述了该系统中与模块化机制相关的概念,系统的组织与设计,主要实现技术和相关模块操作原语。     

支持智能体的通讯原语库系统GKD－APS的设计与实现

ＧＫＤ－ＡＰＳ是我们基于面向智能体程序设计范例，设计并实现的一个支持智能体相关概念及智能体间消息通讯的Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ解释器。它同时引入了智能体、精神状态、知识、信念、承诺、能力及智能体间的消息通讯等概念，并提供了对这些概念的直接支持。ＣＫＤ－ＡＰＳ为实现多智能体间的知识通讯和合作运行，构造多智能体系统提供了基础，有效地支持了分布式知识系统的研究和开发。本文首先介绍了当前国际上关于智能体及面向智能体范例的研究进展，其次描述了ＧＫＤ－ＡＰＳ所涉及的基本概念及所实现的通讯原语的操作语义，然后给出了系统的构成及主要实现技术，最后介绍了ＧＫＤ－ＡＰＳ所提供的智能体操作原语。     

支持智能体的通信原语库系统的研究与实现

ＧＫＤ－ＡＰＳ是我们基于面向智能体程序高度范例设计并实现的一个支持智能体相关概念及智能体间消息通信的Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ解释器。它同时引入了智能体，精神状态，知识，信念，承诺，能力及智能体阐的消息通信等要概念，并提供了对这些概念直接支持。ＧＫＤ－ＡＰＳ为实现体间的知识通信和合作运行，构造多智能体系系统提供了基础，有效地支持了分布式系统的研究和开发。     

分层模块化设计在劳保系统中的应用

分层模块化设计思想被广泛应用但缺少标准模式。本文从模块化概念的新近演变入手，运用分层模块化思想对劳动保障监察系统进行分层模块划分，并就模块结构树中的“长枝”、“短枝”问题，提出三种解决方案，其中第三种方法是最灵活和标准的方法。     

α—β剪枝算法在优化模型PROLOG推理过程中的应用

本文首先介绍了一个模糊ＰＲＯＬＯＧ系统Ｆｕｚｚｙ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ的推理机制，然后提出以α－β剪枝算法来优化Ｆｕｚｚｙ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ的推理过程，并详细描述了所实现的α－β剪枝算法。     

面向对象的PROLOG程序测试工具的研究与实现

本首先对Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ程序中的错误进行了系统的分类，并对各类错误提出了相应的测试算法，接着介绍了一个面向对象的Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ程序测试工具的设计与实现。     

α－β剪枝算法在优化模糊PROLOG推理过程中的应用

本文首先介绍了一个模糊ＰＲＯＬＯＧ系统Ｆｕｚｚｇ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ的推理机制，然后提出以α－β剪枝算法来优化Ｆｕｚｚｙ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ的推理过程，并详细描述了所实现的α－β剪枝算法。     

格式转换在基于仿人摘要系统中的应用

该文的主要内容是描述如何实现～个PDF格式转换模块，并添加到一个通用文档预处理模块结构中来增强系统功能。本预处理模块目前应用于一个新闻自动摘要系统。该系统采用了仿人算法，模拟人在处理摘要时候的思维模式，实现了一系列算法，最终生成了主题明确，反映中心，语句连贯的摘要。而PDF模块的加人，使得整个文档预处理模块的功能大大增强，能够处理文档的范围更加广泛，为进一步的文档信息处理打下了牢固的基础。该文详细分析了该格式的特点和数据存储方式，并提出了合适的解析算法。最后文章还讨论了如何利用设计模式来实现系统的无缝集成以及功能模块的动态添加，使得软件的模块化和可维护性得到了质的飞跃。     

信息安全风险模块化层次评估方法研究

信息系统广泛应用于各行各业，其安全性已经引起人们的密切关注。信息系统风险评估是分析信息系统的安全现状和潜在风险，从而为安全策略的设计实现提供依据和指导的过程，是规划、建设和维护信息系统安全结构的一项重要而且不可缺少的工作。本文根据信息系统功能模块化强的特点，采用系统聚类法建立了信息安全风险模块化层次结构评估模型，将一个完整的信息系统分为“管理模块”、“核心模块”、“分布层模块”、“服务器模块”、“边缘分布模块”、“外网接入模块”以及“外部环境模块”7个模块，并对模块化评估模型聚类方法和评估实施步骤作了详细的介绍。     

合一和回溯智能加速部件的设计与实现

本文设计了一个高效的合一和回溯智能加速部件，在实现时我们运用了自己提出的优化线性合一算法超前检查智能回溯策略。经测试和分析表明，采用该加速部件的Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ实现系统的效率要比软件实现提高十倍以上。     

Some Issues in Analysis and Specialization of Modular Ciao-Prolog Programs

Separating programs into modules is a well-known technique which has proven very useful in program development and maintenance. Starting by introducing a number of possible scenarios, in this paper we study different issues which appear when developing analysis and specialization techniques for modular logic programming. We discuss a number of design alternatives and their consequences for the different scenarios considered and describe where applicable the decisions made in the Ciao system analyzer and specializer. In our discussion we use the module system of Ciao Prolog. This is both for concreteness and because Ciao Prolog is a second-generation Prolog system which has been designed with global analysis and specialization in mind, and which has a strict module system. The aim of this work is not to provide a theoretical basis on modular analysis and specialization, but rather to discuss some interesting practical issues.The authors would like to thank Francisco Bueno for many interesting discussions on analysis of modular programs, and the anonymous referees for their constructive comments. This work was funded in part by Spanish CICYT projects TIC99-1151 EDIPIA and TIC97-1640-CE.     

Frame-based system for image interpretation

This paper describes a frame-based computer vision system named FABIUS implemented in Prolog. Advantages of using frames for computer vision are that they are modular and understandable; structural, decomposable objects can be described by part frame hierarchies, and specialization frame hierarchies enable property inheritance and flexible, efficient object classification. Image processing operations, written in C, are triggered as demons when specific slots in a frame are accessed. Prolog provides the problem solving facilities of backtracking and pattern matching. The system is shown to be well suited to rapid development of applications and alternative interpretation strategies, and its operation is illustrated when applied to the task of identifying vehicles in cluttered real-world scenes.     

PARLOG and its applications

The key concepts of the parallel logic programming language PARLOG are introduced by comparing the language with Prolog. Some familiarity with Prolog and with the concepts of logic programming is assumed. Two major application areas of PARLOG, systems programming and object-oriented programming, are illustrated. Other applications are briefly surveyed     

A polymorphic type system for prolog

We describe a polymorphic type scheme for Prolog which makes static type checking possible. Polymorphism gives a good degree of flexibility to the type system, and makes it intrude very little on a user's programming style. The only additions to the language are type declarations, which an interpreter can ignore if it so desires, with the guarantee that a well-typed program will behave identically with or without type checking. Our implementation is discussed and we observe that the type resolution problem for a Prolog program is another Prolog (meta)program.     

Translational Semantics for a Conceptual Level Query Language

A conceptual level database language for the entity relationship (ER) model implicitly contains integrities basic to ER concepts and special retrieval semantics for inheritances of attributes and relationships.Prolog,which belongs to the logical and physical level,cannot be used as a foundation to directly define the database language.It is shown how Prolog can be enhanced to understand the concepts of entities,relationships,attributes and is-a relationships.The enhanced Prolog is then used as a foundation to define the semantics of a database query language for the ER model.The three basic functions of model specification,updates and retrievals are defined.     

The Ciao Module System: A New Module System for Prolog

It is now widely accepted that separating programs into modules has proven very useful in program development and maintenance. While many Prolog implementations include useful module systems, we feel that these systems can be improved in a number of ways, such as, for example, being more amenable to effective global analysis and transformation and allowing separate compilation or sensible creation of standalone executables. We discuss a number of issues related to the design of such an improved module system for Prolog. Based on this, we present the choices made in the Ciao module system, which has been designed to meet a number of objectives: allowing separate compilation, extensibility in features and in syntax, amenability to modular global analysis and transformation, etc.     

An explanation shell for expert systems

We describe a shell for expert systems written in Prolog. The shell provides a consultation environment and a range of explanation capabilities. The design of the shell is modular, making it very easy to extend the shell with extra features required by a particular expert system. The novelty of the shell is twofold. Firstly, it has a uniform design consisting of an integrated collection of meta-interpreters. Secondly, there is a new approach for explaining 'why not,' when a query to the system fails.     

基于混合推理的知识库的构建及其应用研究

该文提出了基于OWL本体与Prolog规则的平面几何知识库的构建方法,从而可形式化地表示平面几何中丰富的语义信息.一方面,用类型、定义域、值域、分类、属性、实例等本体描述来表达结构化的知识,为领域内概念与概念之间关系的描述提供形式化的语义;另一方面,用Prolog规则来解决本体不能有效表达的诸如属性之间的关系和操作等问题,从而支持复杂关系间的推理.在此基础上,用Protégé和Prolog构建了一个基于本体和规则的平面几何知识库.实验证明:此知识库可实现知识和语义层次上的信息查询,还可进行复杂问题求解,其丰富的语义描述和混合推理能力弥补了传统知识库的不足.     

模糊Prolog系统

模糊Prolog系统将不确定性引入到传统的Prolog系统中,对现实应用具有很大的意义。文中首先介绍了模糊系统和Prolog系统,然后讨论了实现模糊Prolog系统的两种方法,并给出了一些典型的模糊Prolog模型。最后重点讨论了在Prolog系统中实现模糊集合的几种方法,因而对于不同的应用要求可以选择不同类型的模糊Prolog系统。