SRV模拟试验与Mack T-9台架试验的相关性研究

柴油发动机新技术使润滑油中烟炱的含量大大增加,Mack T-9发动机台架试验是ASTM标准中用来评价烟炱对发动机造成的磨损,但其评价时间超过500 h,不利于柴油机油的快速筛选。为了提高新开发柴油机油的筛选效率,利用SRV模拟试验评定Mack T-9台架试验柴油机油的抗磨性能,对两者之间的相关性进行研究。试验结果表明:选取与烟炱碳质结构相似的炭黑,SRV润滑油极压试验NB/SH/T 0882-2014与Mack T-9发动机台架试验表现出较好的关联性,该方法可以在一定程度上预测油样的Mack T-9柴油发动机台架试验结果。     

高温热降解提高乙丙共聚物黏度指数改进剂性能的试验研究

采用J0010乙丙共聚物制备黏度指数改进剂,通过高温试验、曲轴箱模拟试验和行车试验,研究高温热降解对J0010型乙丙共聚物黏度指数改进剂黏度保持性能的影响。试验结果表明:J0010黏度指数改进剂高温下黏度下降的主要原因为其在高温条件下的热降解;曲轴箱长时间的高温试验结果与行车试验相关性不大;高温降解后的黏指剂在低温性能、高温黏度保持性能上均有提升,黏指剂的高温降解速度较行车试验更快。     

乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂对润滑油黏度下降影响的试验研究

采用J0010乙丙共聚物制备黏度指数改进剂,通过高温试验、曲轴箱模拟试验和行车试验,研究高温热降解对J0010型乙丙共聚物黏度指数改进剂黏度保持性能的影响。试验结果表明：J0010黏度指数改进剂高温下黏度下降的主要原因为其在高温条件下的热降解;曲轴箱长时间的高温试验结果与行车试验相关性不大;高温降解后的黏指剂在低温性能、高温黏度保持性能上均有提升,黏指剂的高温降解速度较行车试验更快。     

低黏度润滑油对涡轮增压发动机影响的试验研究

为了探究低黏度润滑油对涡轮增压发动机的影响,选用3种低黏度测试油0W20和参比油5W30进行台架试验,包括发动机机械损失试验和发动机万有特性试验。其中测试油0W20-1和0W20-2中添加了不同量的含钼摩擦改进剂,测试油0W20-3中添加了脂肪酸酯摩擦改进剂,且测试油0W20-1的黏度最低。选用黏度最低的测试油0W20-1进行发动机耐久试验。结果表明：在节气门全开和节气门全关2种工况下,含钼摩擦改进剂含量较高的测试油0W20-2摩擦力矩最小,相比参比油5W30分别可以降低发动机机械摩擦损失34.4%和19.3%;发动机的机械摩擦损失与摩擦改进剂的种类和添加量有关,相比脂肪酸酯摩擦改进剂,含钼摩擦改进剂更适应涡轮增压发动机工况,减少摩擦功的效果更好;低黏度润滑油能够提高车辆的燃油经济性,并且发动机关键摩擦副磨损量较小,满足发动机耐久性要求。     

低黏度柴油发动机润滑油性能研究

根据国六排放法规对柴油发动机的发展和润滑油的性能要求开发了低黏度柴油发动机润滑油。选用10W40和5W30柴机油进行发动机台架试验,并通过发动机台架试验和整车道路试验重点考察了5W30对发动机节能和整车耐久性的影响。试验结果表明:采用低黏度柴油发动机润滑油可以提高柴油发动机的燃油经济性。     

NEDC工况下润滑油对整车油耗的影响研究

在NEDC工况下,通过试验比较目标车在相同实验条件下使用不同润滑油的市区、郊区和综合油耗,分析润滑油性能对整车油耗的影响。试验结果表明：整个NEDC工况下,发动机油温在25~100 ℃之间,其中市区工况下在25~80 ℃之间,郊区工况下在80~100 ℃之间;使用低黏度润滑油可以有效降低油耗,但是黏度过低会增加郊区工况的燃油消耗;添加黏指改进剂和摩擦改进剂均能有效地降低油耗。      

NEDC工况下润滑油对整车油耗的影响

在NEDC工况下,通过试验比较目标车在相同实验条件下使用不同润滑油的市区、郊区和综合油耗,分析润滑油性能对整车油耗的影响。试验结果表明:整个NEDC工况下,发动机油温在25~100℃之间,其中市区工况下在25~80℃之间,郊区工况下在80~100℃之间;使用低黏度润滑油可以有效降低油耗,但是黏度过低会增加郊区工况的燃油消耗;添加黏指改进剂和摩擦改进剂均能有效地降低油耗。     

涡轮增压发动机用0W-20润滑油减摩性能研究

为研究低黏度润滑油对涡轮增压发动机燃油经济性的影响,配制5种不同的0W-20全配方润滑油。使用真实活塞环-缸套摩擦副试样,选取涡轮增压发动机关键工况,通过往复摩擦模拟试验测试各油样的减摩效果。通过控制整车WLTC油耗测试精度,比较各油样的燃油经济性提升效果。结果表明：降低润滑油黏度和添加摩擦改进剂均可以改善燃油经济性,但是后者的效果更为显著;摩擦改进剂MoDTC的加剂量越高,减摩效果越好;硼酸盐清净剂可以增强MoDTC的减摩效果。比较摩擦模拟试验和整车油耗试验发现,使用真实的环套摩擦副组件并设定合适工况的摩擦模拟试验,可以快速区分润滑油的减摩效果,但是无法反映真实的燃油经济性的提升程度。     

甲醇发动机机油特性研究

甲醇汽车发动机在台架试验过程容易出现如发动机冷启动困难、零部件磨损异常、橡胶件溶胀以及润滑油 乳化、结焦、油泥等问题。基于甲醇燃料的特性及对发动机润滑油的影响,采用发动机台架试验研究使用不同润滑油时 甲醇发动机的磨损和润滑油理化性质变化情况。研究结果表明,通过调整润滑油添加剂和润滑油黏度等级可以有效缓解 甲醇发动机的磨损、结焦等问题。     

甲醇发动机润滑油特性研究

甲醇汽车发动机在台架试验过程容易出现如发动机冷启动困难、零部件磨损异常、橡胶件溶胀以及润滑油乳化、结焦、油泥等问题。基于甲醇燃料的特性及对发动机润滑油的影响,采用发动机台架试验研究使用不同润滑油时甲醇发动机的磨损和润滑油理化性质变化情况。研究结果表明,通过调整润滑油添加剂和润滑油黏度等级可以有效缓解甲醇发动机的磨损、结焦等问题。     

柴油机油烟炱分散性能模拟评定方法的探讨

柴油机油产品的不断升级换代对烟炱处理能力提出越来越高的要求，本文介绍了几种烟炱分散性能的模拟评定方法及其特点，并讨论了旋转流变学方法在含烟炱油粘度测定上的应用。     

Laboratory evaluation of the dispersancy power of a gasoline engine oil and its relationship with sequence VE test results

The evaluation of the dispersancy power of a gasoline engine oil is included among such international specifications as those of the Committee of Common Market Automobile Constructors (CCMC) and the American Petroleum Institute (API). Such an evaluation is carried out by means of long, severe, and expensive engine bench tests, the engines used being Mercedes M102E (CCMC G4 and G5 levels) or the Ford Pinto 2.3 (API SG and SH levels). The cost of these tests necessitates pre-selection of oils by laboratory tests and these need to be a reliable indicator of bench test performance. The present study proposes two new laboratory methods, the OXYDISP and the POTDISP tests, which associate artificial ageing of the lubricants with modified blotter spots tests. These tests showed excellent correlation with Sequence VE engine test results. They were also capable of distinguishing oils of different API standards. They therefore provide an effective tool for preselection of lubricants, without pretending to be a replacement of or substitute for Sequence VE or other engine bench tests.     

The decomposition products of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an engine and their interaction with diesel soot

Japanese valve train wear engine tests were carried out using oils containing a common zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP). The ZnDTP decomposition products formed in the oils during the engine tests were analysed. It was found that the ZnDTP decomposition results in the formation of zinccontaining compounds and phosphorus-containing intermediate products such as tetraalkylthioperoxidiphosphate. During an engine test, the ZnDTP decomposes rather quickly, whereas the phosphorus-containing intermediate products were detected over a long period. The adsorption test results indicate that diesel soot adsorbs the zinc compounds but that the soot adsorbs little of the phosphorus compounds. From the valve train wear test results and four-ball wear test results it was found that the oils tested in the engine keep their antiwear performance after the ZnDTP has decomposed and that this performance is mainly attributable to the phosphorus-containing compounds.     

工程机械混合动力系统实验台测控系统

为了研究工程机械混合动力系统的机电耦合特性和轴系的振动特性,研制了由柴油机、电动机和液压泵共轴连接组成的工程机械混合动力系统实验台.设计了由工控机、PCI总线控制卡和组态软件组成的实验台测控系统,分析测控系统输入信号和控制信号的数量与类型,确定测控系统控制策略的设计原则和开发过程.通过在柴油机输出轴的端面布置3个加速度传感器实现柴油机工作时曲轴的振动特性,对不同负载功率下柴油机曲轴的振动特性进行试验测试.测试结果表明,柴油机曲轴的振动能量集中在径向,轴向的振动能量可忽略不计;设计的测控系统能实现混合动力系统轴系振动性能测试.     

高负荷增压柴油机油清净分散性的研究

通过正交实验设计方法,全面分析了柴油机油添加剂间的复合规律,重点研究了添加剂加量对油品清净分散性的影响,依据试验结果对15W／40 CE级高负荷增压柴油机油的配方进行优化。结果表明：用该配方调制出的柴油机油具有良好的高温清净分散性和较高的应用价值。     

Laser particle sizing of diesel soots in two formulated oils after different engine tests

Soots of four types were extracted from two different formulated diesel oils, namely oil ‘A’, a 15W40, and oil ‘B’, a 20W40, after engine (50 h) and tribological (20 h + 20 h) tests. The soots were dispersed into four different model solvents and base oils, and analysed by Photon Correlation Technique. In a first study, soot particle size measurements were conducted after dilution in n-heptane, Kerdane solvent, 60N and 130N base oils. The influences of engine running-time and solvent nature have been particularly considered. The second study has been devoted to the aggregation kinetic of soots in these solvents. These data are important for a better understanding of soot dispersion stability and the rheology of used oils in diesel engines.     

一种新型船用柴油机油的研制

根据船用柴油机油的性能要求,通过开展基础油及各功能添加剂等对油品抗水、分水性能的影响研究,以及清净分散剂、抗氧抗磨剂等添加剂对油品高温清净性、烟炱分散性、抗磨损性及抗氧抗腐蚀性的影响研究,提出一种新型船用柴油机油配方方案。综合评定试验结果表明,研制的船用柴油机油具有优异的理化性能和良好的分散性、抗氧抗腐蚀性、抗磨性能和清净性能,并通过了FZG齿轮试验机试验和发动机台架试验。     

Characteristics of diesel engine soot that lead to excessive oil thickening

This is a study of soot from a heavy duty diesel (HDD) engine test designed to evaluate the soot handling ability of a lubricant. This study aims to understand what properties of diesel soot produced under certain conditions contribute to loss of viscosity control through examination of the morphology, nanostructure and oxygen functionalization of particulates obtained from two heavy duty diesel engine tests with different levels of EGR. Particulate samples obtained from the used engine oil that lost viscosity control at relatively low soot levels showed that the soot in this case was more graphitic and had lower oxygen functionalization.     

Development of a high performance railroad diesel engine oil for improved oil consumption control

High output railroad diesel engines today require high-performance crankcase lubricants, not only for extending drain intervals, but also for economising by lowering oil consumption. Although the importance of engine design in controlling oil consumption has been recognised for quite some time by the oil and railroad industries, another approach has been to reduce oil consumption by effective design of crankcase lubricants. This paper reports the development of a high-performance railroad diesel engine oil with superior detergency, dispersancy, oxidation and thermal stability characteristics vis-à-vis oils formulated with the latest generation packages. The same oil has also given reduced oil consumption in the Petter AV-1 performance engine test. Multigrading this formulation has resulted in further reduction in oil consumption.