UML活动图的评价和扩展

作为统一的标准建模语言,UML应支持企业建模。文章首先从过程工程的角度分析UML1．3中活动图的企业建模能力,并指出了利用活动图进行企业建模的不足之处,然后详细讨论如何对活动图进行扩充才能使其从过程、基础设施、协同、行为以及信息等五个侧面全面描述一个企业,并完成了经扩展后活动图中的原语和语法。最后指出了为更好地支持企业建模,UML今后应进一步努力的方向。     

面向协同电子商务报价系统的研究与设计

协同电子商务报价系统是在协同电子商务环境下,以更加有效、快速和准确的产品报价为主要目的,为协作制造环境中企业参与采购销售活动提供有效手段,从而增强企业的竞争能力和经济效益。文中在分析协同电子商务报价特点的基础上,提出适合于协同电子商务的产品报价系统的模式;通过对报价系统涉及的成本、技术、财务和商务报价等诸多因素的分析,研究了协同电子商务中制造业产品报价系统的功能。最后给出了产品报价系统在不同需求情况下的流程。实现了企业内部各部门之间的协作报价,并在此基础之上实现了企业之间供销活动的协作。     

基于业务行为与业务对象约束的业务规则研究

研究了一类基于业务行为与业务对象约束的业务规则。从业务需求的复杂业务规则出发，探讨了这类复杂业务规则的含义，以及业务行为和业务对象、业务约束的关系。在此基础上，对此类业务规则提出了一种形式化描述。提出了此类业务规则驱动的面向对象建模方法。实例表明，该方法较好地解决了由于类之间关系改变使得应用程序频繁变化的问题。     

支持脚本嵌入的Web工作流的研究与实现

分析了预编译工作流与Web表单工作流模型的优缺点,提出了两者相结合的支持在活动中嵌入解释性脚本的Web工作流模型,实现了活动业务逻辑与工作流系统的分离,使用户可以在不修改工作流基础设施的情况下,实现对流程活动的用户界面、业务逻辑及活动流向的完全自定义。实践证明,该模型具有较高的可扩展性和可重用性。     

业务活动驱动系统体系结构执行研究

针对可执行体系结构研究中难以将业务体系结构的执行对应到系统体系结构的执行,并最终形成内在一致的执行体,提出了业务活动驱动系统体系结构执行的方法。该方法根据DoDAF中业务活动与系统功能多对多的关系,将业务活动用更详细的业务过程模型进行描述,并将过程模型中的行为单元对应到系统功能并触发该功能的执行。系统功能的执行将相应地触发一系列系统功能的执行,系统功能之间的系统数据交换将通过系统通信描述（SV-2）中的连接来实现,这样就建立起业务体系结构与系统体系结构之间的联系,并最终形成整个体系结构内在一致的执行体。该方法有效地解决了业务活动与系统功能之间多对多,无法形成内在一致的执行体问题,为体系结构的执行提供了一个明确、具体的可实施方案。     

Adaptive integration activity management for on demand business process collaboration

Today businesses are interacting and collaborating more often in the context of a business value chain involving a variety of partners to deliver products and services. Business to business (B2B) connectivity, Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) and general business collaboration processes are becoming more critical in operating and managing efficient enterprises. The required level of inter and intra enterprise integration is generally a large undertaking and involves substantial development and customization efforts. In this paper, we propose an adaptive integration activity management approach based on web services technologies to reduce code changes associated with business process integration in a distributed collaboration environment. Specifically, we present a concept of activity chain to capture non-deterministic process flows as well as deterministic process flows in a uniform manner. Then an Activity Ontology is introduced to capture the integration requirements that include adaptation behaviors, action properties, business rules, and access control policy references. The unique ontology representation and management of the integration activities provides a uniform way to integrate additional internal and external business applications to reduce the need for pre-defined and hard-wired integration methods and to minimize code changes to existing components in an existing business collaboration and integration (B2B/EAI) infrastructure. In addition, a Petri-Net modeling exercise of the proposed integration activity management is performed to help better understand the actual system and improve the system design beforehand.     

ERP财务信息集成与相关业务系统解决方案

ERP模式下财务信息与相关业务信息的集成实现了企业资金流、业务流、信息流的统一。文中讨论了财务信息集成对企业信息化建设带来的新挑战,分析了相关业务系统的接口需求,给出了企业综合业务信息系统解决方案。设计了专用API用以实现财务对相关业务系统的信息集成,使企业业务系统在原有功能的基础上通过API自动实现为财务系统提供符合会计核算要求的信息源,既保证了财务系统和各业务系统的独立性,又使企业经营活动在财务数据中得到及时反映,实现了基于ERP财务信息集成的企业信息一体化。     

A fact-oriented ontological approach to human process modeling for knowledge-intensive business services

Modern business environment emphasizes the role of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). As well as the enterprises in any other kinds of industries, business process management (BPM) can be a source of core competency for the enterprises in KIBS industry. However, most of the business processes in KIBS are human processes which are collaborative, innovative, and dynamic, which cannot be supported well by current BPM technologies. Human interaction management (HIM) has emerged as an alternative theory to deal with human processes in KIBS. But, the current ways of process modeling and management in HIM have a problem of complexity, especially in terms of realizing its principle of ‘supportive activity management’. This research adopts fact-oriented ontological approach to address this problem. Based on fact-oriented approach, human-friendly condition modeling and state management during supportive activity management can be achieved.     

基于UML的业务流程模型分析方法研究

基于UML的业务流程建模方法是业务流程建模领域中的一种重要方法,该文对基于UML的业务流程建模方法中的重要工具活动图进行形式化定义,给出了基于活动图的业务流程模型与工作流网之间的规范化转换方法,从而可以分析和检验基于UML的业务流程模型的静态和动态属性。     

三峡生态与环境信息系统业务流程建模研究

三峡工程生态与环境信息系统具有多学科、多层次、综合性特点,业务流程建模是建设这种大型复杂系统的有效手段。在分析三峡监测系统管理现状及业务构成的基础上,将三峡信息系统中业务划分为两大类,并采用两种不同的方法实现了系统的业务流程建模。对于管理型业务流程应用RATIONAL ROSE的UML的活动框图建模。针对系统中复杂生态环境业务流程,通过综合常用建模方法的优势,改进了通用业务流程描述元素,形成了一种新的业务流程建模方法,该方法运用面向对象的设计思想,采用逐层细化的策略,从数据、过程、功能与信息表达等方面对业务模型进行定义和描述,对专业人员来讲操作方便、简单。文中还给出了两种方法的建模过程、实例,以及系统相应的实现界面。实验证明,该方法在三峡工程生态与环境信息系统的业务流程分析中都得到了较好的应用效果。     

Requirements engineering for e-business advantage

As a means of contributing to the achievement of business advantage for companies engaging in e-business, we propose a requirements engineering framework that incorporates a business strategy dimension. We employ Jackson’s Problem Frames approach, goal modeling, and business process modeling (BPM) to achieve this. Jackson’s context diagrams, used to represent business model context, are integrated with goal models to describe the requirements of the business strategy. We leverage the paradigm of projection in both approaches as a means of simultaneously decomposing both the requirement and context parts, from an abstract business level to concrete system requirements. Our approach maintains traceability to high-level business objectives via contribution relationship links in the goal model. We integrate use of role activity diagrams to describe business processes in detail where needed. The feasibility of our approach is shown by a well-known case study taken from the literature.     

Modeling and designing processes in e-commerce applications

State-of-the-art Web applications include both navigational elements and business processes, but most Web application design methods treat business processes as just another kind of navigation. The authors' extensions to the object-oriented hypermedia design method (OOHDM) aim to remedy this situation. Rather than using navigation to emulate business processes, their new mechanisms allow developers to specify and implement processes explicitly by dealing with activity semantics and states. We describe proposed extensions to OOHDM and explore their use at an online retail store.     

A scenario-based verification technique to assess the compatibility of collaborative business processes

Successful E-Business is based on seamless collaborative business processes. Each partner in the collaboration specifies its own rules and interaction preconditions. The verification of the compatibility of collaborative business processes, based on local and global views, is a complex task, which is critical for the success of the cooperation. The verification of process compatibility should be a key element in the design of new business alliances, which makes this verification essential in inter-organizational business process design. The advent of Web Services and Service Oriented Architectures stresses the need to solve complex business cooperations under the pressure of reduced costs and risks, combined with shorter time to market. At the same time, the message-based paradigm results in large and complex processes which makes the verification process quite hard.First the use of an atomic business activity based interaction paradigm is proposed to reduce the complexity of collaborative process models. Next, formal compatibility criteria for business processes are developed. The key construction is the notion of semantic compatibility, which can be used to assess the compatibility of the publicly exposed behavior (a.k.a. business interfaces) between business partners in joint business processes. The formal nature of this compatibility allows to give a precise indication of the degree of compatibility between cooperating business partners. It enables exhaustive lists of incompatible (i.e. unsupported scenarios) business cooperations, which is more comprehensive and complete than the typical compatible or incompatible answer to this question. Finally, complex multiple party interactions can be examined in terms of the safety of the interaction protocols.     

基于UML的销售系统业务流程分析与仿真

以销售业务流程为例,借鉴面向对象的系统分析方法,结合流程重组理论,对基于UML的业务流程分析方法进行研究。首先通过用例图来描述系统功能,给出系统总体框架;然后运用状态图、活动图和顺序图详细描述系统的动态行为以及对象间的交互关系,通过分析业务流程的合理性,可得到有效的系统流程重组方案。最后通过SIMPROCESS仿真工具模拟重组前后的业务流程,通过对仿真结果的分析,表明该方法有助于业务的优化和运作效率的提高。     

电子商务研究中的机遇与挑战

电子商务在当今商业活动中已变得越来越重要,它不仅是一种新的商业手段,也是一种新的商业活动形式。必将对未来的社会、经济、人们日常生活产生极大的冲击和影响。文章在阐述了电子商务的基本概念的基础上,概述了电子商务的现状与发展,着重分析了在电子商务研究领域里需要解决的关键技术问题。     

A formal representation for context-aware business processes

A business process is a set of activities performed in a coordinated manner within an organizational and technical environment that is aimed toward a business goal. The flexibility of a process is related to an understanding of the unexpected events that occur when people, systems and resources interact and require adjustments. Thus, business processes must be designed to respond to information about different events and their specificity. This information defines what the literature calls “context”. To broaden the perception of context in the case of a business process, this work proposes an approach to characterize the context of a business process activity in a given domain through conceptual models structured in layers. A case study was conducted to evaluate the proposal, which provided evidence of the applicability of the model.     

Planning and Executing IT Strategy

Planning leads to effective execution of any activity, whether it's IT or any business function. Planning ensures that technology efforts are business driven, aligned with business strategies, and coordinated across the company as opposed to being done in silos (each business unit acting in a compartmentalized manner). Planning can save money by taking advantage of corporate policies and standards across the enterprise. It can also eliminate the duplication of efforts by using shared services, implementing architectural principles, and using single research groups within a firm. Further benefits of planning include directing investments in technology and people toward improving the bottom line, serving customers better, and outperforming the competition. Planning and executing IT programs requires understanding how IT functions. In this article the author show i) how leaders can align IT within the business environment ii) how easy it is to understand technology operations within a business environment, and iii) how to capitalize on the use of technology through effective planning.     

Flexible support for business processes: extending cooperative hypermedia with process support

In this paper, we present a cooperative hypermedia-based process support system focusing on flexible business processes. An analysis of the communication, coordination and cooperation requirements of business processes reveals a gap in current computer support. We propose to address these requirements by extending a cooperative hypermedia system with process support. The resulting system, called CHIPS, uses hypermedia-based activity spaces to model the structural, relational, and computational semantics of both individual tasks and processes. Application examples demonstrate that the CHIPS system retains the intuitive usability of hypertext and can support a wide range of business processes.     

基于多色集合的电子病历互访模型

随着医疗数据信息化的发展,电子病历在异地就诊以及医学研究方面的作用越来越大.为解决异地就医时电子病历的交互问题,拟提出一个跨组织的多医院间电子病历交互平台;根据平台的业务流程,提取各个组织的活动和资源元素;针对交互过程中各组织的活动和资源之间的关系,结合多色集合和围道矩阵分别从不同组织的不同视角提取各组织的外部交互活动和交互资源;同时,对业务流程进行研究并提出相应的形式化描述模型.     

一种基于改进的业务活动算法实时监控平台研究*

研究业务活动监控平台设计问题。针对目前企业业务活动实时监控系统中存在的不足,提出了一种新的基于业务活动实时监控平台系统。该平台利用事件体系结构构建整个系统,通过事件服务器实现了被监控服务与监控平台的松散耦合;利用规则引擎分离业务逻辑规则实现了企业业务逻辑规则的灵活可配置;采用实时预警信息实现了错误信息可追踪;通过分角色多视图定制KPI的方式保护了企业关键业务信息。整个平台具有实时性、可扩展性、可靠性和安全性的特点。