超高压对草莓果肉饮料的杀菌效果与品质影响

研究不同超高压条件(压力600MPa,保压时间分别为0、2、4、6、8、10min)对草莓果肉饮料的杀菌效果及600MPa、4min超高压处理前后草莓果肉饮料理化品质的变化。结果表明：在600MPa、4min的超高压条件下,草莓果肉饮料中的细菌、霉菌和酵母可全部被杀死,并且该处理前后草莓果肉饮料中的可溶性固形物、pH值、可滴定酸、颜色、总酚含量及抗氧化性均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但VC含量损失9.2%、花青素含量损失20.6%;超高压处理后草莓果肉饮料中部分酯类成分损失,醇类物质种类及数量增加(P＜0.05),但仍保持草莓原有的特征风味。     

Enzyme Inactivation in Food Processing using High Pressure Carbon Dioxide Technology

High pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) is an effective non-thermal processing technique for inactivating deleterious enzymes in liquid and solid food systems. This processing method avoids high temperatures and exerts a minimal impact on the nutritional and sensory properties of foods, but extends shelf life by inhibiting or killing microorganisms and enzymes. Indigenous enzymes in food such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), pectin methylesterase (PME), and lypoxygenase (LOX) may cause undesirable chemical changes in food attributes, showing the loss in color, texture, and flavor. For more than two decades, HPCD has proved its effectiveness in inactivating these enzymes. The HPCD-induced inactivation of some microbial enzymes responsible for microbial metabolism is also included. This review presents a survey of the published knowledge regarding the use of HPCD for the inactivation of these enzymes, and analyzes the factors controlling the efficiency of HPCD and speculates on the underlying mechanism that leads to enzyme inactivation.     

超高压处理对橙囊胞香气成分的影响

为了了解橙囊胞经超高压处理后香气成分产生的变化及其原因,采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析法检测分析其中的香气成分。结果表明:橙囊胞的主要香气成分为柠檬烯、凡伦橘烯、人参烯、丁酸乙酯、葵醛、香芹酮、芳樟醇和松油醇,其中柠檬烯占62.68%,是最主要的香气成分。超高压处理后,香气成分发生变化,醇类质量分数变化相对较少,烯类和酯类的种类和数量都明显减少,其中柠檬烯经500 MPa高压处理5 min后质量分数下降了89.8%,而醛酮类则都增加,其中香芹酮经300 MPa处理15 min后质量分数增加了13倍,上述影响作用跟高压造成的温度升高有关,同时结果也表明,300 MPa超高压处理5 min的样品更接近对照样品的风味。     

High Hydrostatic Pressure as a Hurdle for Zygosaccharomyces bailii Inactivation

The combined effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 172, 345, 517 or 689 MPa), duration of HHP treatment (0, 2, 4, or 10 min), water activity (a_w 0.98 or 0.95), and potassium sorbate (PS) concentration (0 or 1000 ppm) on Zygosaccharomyces bailii inactivation were evaluated at pH 3.5 and 21°C in laboratory model systems. Inactivation of the initial inoculum (? 1.0 times; 10⁵ CFU/mL) occurred when the pressure was 689 MPa regardless of a_w PS or duration of treatment. Lower pressure was required for Z. bailii inactivation in the presence of PS.     

高静压对桃汁杀菌、钝化酶活性的效果

研究在不同处理压力和时间条件下,高静压加工技术对桃汁中微生物(细菌总数、霉菌、酵母菌、大肠菌群)以及酶(多酚氧化酶、果胶甲基酯酶、脂肪氧化酶)的影响。结果表明:经400MPa、5min高静压处理即可完全杀灭桃汁中的微生物;在400MPa和500MPa条件下,桃汁中的多酚氧化酶和脂肪氧化酶的活性出现了不同程度的激活现象,但在600MPa时,随着处理时间的延长,其活性逐渐降低,经30min处理后,分别被钝化了0.7662和0.641。而果胶甲基酯酶在400、500、600MPa条件下,出现了不规律的激活或钝化现象。另外,研究表明在高静压加工前增加漂烫工艺,可以有效杀灭桃汁中的微生物及钝化酶活性。     

高静压技术对豆浆中脂肪氧合酶的钝化效果及其动力学分析

研究了高静压技术(HHP)对豆浆中脂肪氧合酶(LOX)活性的钝化作用,并进行失活动力学分析。结果表明:HHP处理能显著钝化豆浆中LOX活性。用300～600MPa压力处理5～20min,对LOX活性有显著的钝化效果(P<0.05),并且随处理压力和处理时间的增加,酶的失活率提高。当压力500MPa,保压时间0min时也有一定的钝化LOX效果;当压力600MPa处理10min以上,豆浆LOX活性被完全抑制。用500MPa处理5min,可以达到与传统巴氏杀菌相同的钝酶效果(P>0.05)。HHP技术钝化豆浆LOX的过程可用一级动力学模型拟合(R2>0.900)。随着压力的升高和处理时间的延长,k值逐渐升高,D值逐渐减小;动力学参数ZP和Va分别为125.94MPa和-45.290cm3/mol。HHP技术在钝化豆浆中脂肪氧合酶活性方面比传统巴氏杀菌彻底,效果更好。其在改善豆浆品质方面具有良好的应用前景。     

High Pressure Inactivation Kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ascospores in Orange and Apple Juices

High pressure inactivation kinetics (D and z values) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospores were determined in fruit juices and a model juice buffer at pH 3.5 to 5.0. Approximately 0.5 to 1.0 × 10⁶ ascospores/mL were pressurized at 300 to 500 MPa in juice or buffer. D-values ranged from 8 sec to 10.8 min at 500 and 300 MPa, respectively. The range for z-values was 115 to 121 MPa. No differences (P≥0.05) in D (at constant pressure) or z-values among buffers or juices at any pH were determined, indicating little influence of pH in this range and absence of protective or detrimental effects of juice constituents.     

Kinetics of Tomato Pectin Methylesterase Inactivation by Temperature and High Pressure

ABSTRACT: In this study we investigated the inactivation of endogenous pectin methylesterase (PME) in tomato juice during combined high-hydrostatic pressure (ambient to 800 MPa) and moderate temperature (60 to 75 °C) treatments under isobaric and isothermal processing conditions. PME inactivation rates increased with increasing processing temperature, with the highest rate obtained during processing at 75 °C and ambient pressure. Inactivation rates were dramatically reduced as soon as processing pressure was raised. High inactivation rates were again attained when processing pressure exceeded a value of about 700 MPa. Such a behavior was described by considering two parallel mechanisms of inactivation, each one following first order kinetics with its own kinetic parameters.     

超高压对泡萝卜的杀菌效果及其动力学研究

研究300～600 MPa超高压条件下处理四川泡萝卜5～25 min,对其细菌总数的影响、对霉菌、酵母菌及大肠菌群的杀灭效果的影响。并采用3 种模型对不同压力条件下杀菌动力学过程进行分析比较。结果表明：随处理压力和时间的增加,超高压对泡萝卜的杀菌效果增强;霉菌和酵母菌对压力较为敏感,500 MPa处理5 min可被全部杀死;Weibull模型能很好地拟合泡萝卜超高压杀菌的动力学过程（决定系数R2＞0.99）,且相较Log-logistic模型更简洁、灵活实用。尺度参数b随处理压力的增加而增大,形状参数n则随压力的增加而减小。     

超高压处理对脐橙汁中香气成分柠檬烯的影响

以脐橙汁为对象,采用Box-behnken 响应曲面设计,研究超高压处理对橙汁中柠檬烯香气成分的影响,实验参数选择压力(100～500MPa)、温度(20～40℃)、处理时间(10～20min),建立超高压处理下柠檬烯含量变化的二次多项数学模型。结果表明：模型的确定系数R2=0.9938,调整确定系数RAdj=0.9858,方差分析表明模型极度显著(P ＜ 0.0001),该模型可用于超高压处理橙汁中柠檬烯含量变化的分析与预测。     

超高压和高温短时杀菌对NFC橙汁品质的影响

本文对比了超高压(Ultral high pressure processing,HPP,600 MPa,1 min)和高温短时(High temperature short time,HTST,110 ℃,8.6 s)杀菌处理对非浓缩还原(Not from concentrate,NFC)橙汁处理前后及4 ℃、25 ...     

High Hydrostatic Pressure Effects on the Texture of Meat and Meat Products

ABSTRACT:  High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment can influence meat protein conformation and induce protein denaturation, aggregation, or gelation. The means whereby HHP treatment exerts effects on meat protein structure change are due to the rupture of noncovalent interactions within protein molecules, and to the subsequent re-formation of intra- and inter-molecular bonds within or among protein molecules. Depending upon the meat protein system, the pressure, the temperature, and the duration of the pressure treatment, meat can be either tenderized or toughened. Muscle texture variation induced by heat treatment is due to breakage of hydrogen bonds, whereas changes from high pressure treatment are due to the rupture of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Pressure treatment has little effect on the toughness of connective tissue. Juiciness, springiness, and chewiness are increased upon HHP treatment. Prerigor HHP treatment tenderizes meat, whereas tenderizing effects of postrigor HHP treatment are only measureable if pressure and heat treatment are combined. The limitations and future applications of high pressure technology are also discussed.     

Inactivation Kinetics of Food Poisoning Microorganisms by Carbon Dioxide and High Hydrostatic Pressure

The inactivation kinetics of food poisoning microorganisms using a combined treatment of carbon dioxide (CO₂) with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium sporotrichioides were totally inactivated by a combined treatment of carbonation and HHP at 500 MP_a. Bacillus subtilis, a spore forming bacteria, were not completely inactivated after the combined treatment. The microorganisms treated by carbonation and HHP were exponentially reduced in a pressure range and the D_p ‐value, the Z^p‐value, and the activation volume were determined. UV absorbing materials leaked from injured cells. Morphological changes of the cells were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.     

高静压加工优化食品酶催化体系:现状与趋势

作为新兴的非热加工前沿技术,超高压食品加工已成为现代健康食品制造领域的研究热点.将其应用于优化食品酶催化体系,对指导现代食品生物加工具有重要意义.基于高静压加工优化食品酶催化体系研究已有几十年,将其成果加以总结,并分析存在的问题,有利于更好地促进现代食品加工的发展.本文综述了高静压加工优化食品酶催化体系的发展现状,分析提炼了科学问题,在此基础上提出本领域若干研究方向,期望能对相关领域研究者有所启发.     

High Pressure Inactivation of Polyphenoloxidases

Pressure stabilities of polyphenoloxidases (PPO) from apples, avocados, grapes, pears and plums were determined at pH 6-7. These PPOs differed in pressure stability, but all were rather pressure-stable. Inactivation of PPO from apple, grape, avocado and pear at room temperature (25°C) became noticeable at 600, 700, 800 and 900 MPa respectively, and followed first-order kinetics. Plum PPO was not inactivated at room temperature by pressures up to 900 MPa. For the two most pressure-stable PPOs, we investigated whether pressure stability would be reduced by the simultaneous application of mild heat. In case of plum PPO, activity reduction was detectable at 900 MPa and 50°C. Further temperature increase resulted in increase of the inactivation rate constant (E_a 63 kJ/mol). In case of pear PPO, temperature increase up to 35°C resulted in a 3-fold reduction of the inactivation rate constant. Only at higher temperatures, increase of the inactivation rate constant with increasing temperature was noted (Ea 120 kJ/mol).     

Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Hen Egg Compounds and Egg Products

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), used alone or with other processes, is an emerging technology increasingly used in the food industry to improve microbial safety, and the functionality and bioactive properties of food products. HHP provides a way to reduce energy requirements for food processing and may contribute to improved energy efficiency in the food industry. Hen egg is used by the food industry to formulate many food products. To improve the microbiological safety of egg and egg‐derived products, HHP processing is an attractive alternative to heat‐ pasteurization and a potential technology. However, HHP treatment induces structural modifications of egg components (such as proteins) which could positively or negatively affect the physicochemical and functional properties of egg‐derived products. Improving our knowledge regarding the potential of HHP in the egg industry will add value to the final food products and increase profitability for egg producers and the food industry.     

Enzyme Activity and Nutritional Quality of Peach (Prunus persica) Juice: Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure

The inactivation of polyphenol oxidase and pectin methylesterase in peach juice was investigated after high hydrostatic pressure processing at 400–600 MPa and 25°C for 5–25 min, respectively. At 400 MPa, polyphenol oxidase and pectin methylesterase were activated by 7.3 and 2.6%. At 500 and 600 MPa, polyphenol oxidase and pectin methylesterase were inactivated significantly with increasing the pressure and time, and the inactivation kinetics was fitted by the first order model. Moreover, some physio-chemical properties were studied. The results revealed that high hydrostatic pressure treatment preserved more L-ascorbic acid and maintained the color and sensory quality better than thermal treatment.     

外界因子对超高压杀灭枯草芽孢杆菌效果的影响

超高压是一种有效的灭菌消毒技术。本研究通过鉴别设计(scfeening design)法对影响超高压杀菌效果的外界因子，如：压力、温度、保压时间、升压速度、卸压速度进行了关键因子考察与评价，试验结果表明：温度、压力、保压时间对灭活枯草芽孢杆菌影响显著，升压速度和卸压速度对灭活枯草芽孢杆菌影响不显著。     

外界因子对超高压杀灭大肠杆菌效果的影响

通过鉴别设计法对影响超高压杀菌效果的外界因子,如压力、温度、保压时间、升压速度及卸压速度等关键因子进行考察与评价.结果表明:温度、压力和保压时间对灭活大肠杆菌影响显著,升压速度和卸压速度对灭活大肠杆菌影响不显著.     

高静压对桃汁的杀菌效果及动力学模型

为了描述及预测高静压对桃汁的杀菌效果,研究了压力300,400,500,600MPa条件下保压3,5,10,15,20,25min的高压处理对桃汁中菌落总数、霉菌、酵母数的影响,并对不同压力条件下的杀菌效果进行动力学分析。研究结果表明,压力越高,保压时间越长,杀菌效果越好。霉菌、酵母对压力较为敏感,500 MPa以上的压力即可将其完全杀灭。Weibull模型在压力300～600 MPa时具有很好的拟合性(相关系数R~2>0.9)。尺度参数b随压力增大而增大,形状参数n则随压力的增大而减小。