基于无线传感器网络的粮情监测系统

通过对粮库粮堆结构研究,设计了无线传感器网络模型;分析粮情要监测的信息,并对此设计开发了相应的粮情监测软件。给出了整个系统的架构,无线传感器节点平面布置方案,无线传感器节点立体布置方案,数据采集方案,数据处理方案,上位机系统的架构及功能开发。通过实际工程应用,系统运行可靠,实现了国家粮库粮堆的安全监测。     

天然姜黄素的纯化和分子与晶体结构研究

采用萃取法、柱层析法和重结晶法对产自四川省双流县的姜黄中的姜黄素进行了分离和纯化,利用IR,UV,MS,1HNMR,13CNMR和X-ray单晶衍射等测试手段对姜黄素的分子与晶体结构进行了表征,证实了姜黄素的晶体结构属于单斜晶系,P2/n空间群。晶胞参数为:a=1.2695(3)nm,b=0.72075(16)nm,c=1.9960(4)nm,α=90°,β=95.098°,γ=90°,每个晶胞中含有四个姜黄素的分子。姜黄素的分子为非线型结构,呈现出酮式-烯醇式互变异构现象。     

天然染料大黄防紫外性能的研究

就提纯的天然染料大黄染色性能以及大黄染色后织物的紫外吸收性能进行研究。实验表明大黄染色后的天然纤维织物有很好的防紫外特性 ,大黄的防紫外特性可能与它成分中具有蒽醌衍生物有关。     

Glucose Oxidase/Catalase Solution for On-board Control of Shrimp Microbial Spoilage: Model Studies

The potential of an immersion system of glucose oxidase (GOX, 1 unit/ml) and catalase (CAT) added to 4% w/v glucose in artificial seawater was determined for on-board shrimp preservation. Fresh shrimp were frozen, radiation-sterilized, thawed by adding artificial seawater and inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens (lo⁴ CFU/g shrimp). Samples were stored at 1°C and treated after 24 hr or left as controls. Changes in shrimp and solution were monitored by total plate counts, ammonia and total volatile nitrogen. Solution discoloration due to shrimp melanosis was followed spectrophotometrically. Microbial lag phase was extended 44 5 d and after 14 d, GOX/CAT had reduced browing by ～80% and inhibited ammonia and total volatile nitrogen production. Due to increase in nitrogen compounds, the enzyme solution should be replaced after 14 days.     

天然染料对真丝织物的抗菌性能研究

将黄芩提取液使用3种不同的方法处理真丝织物,对试样的抗菌性能进行了探讨。通过正交试验,确定了黄芩的提取工艺和最佳染色工艺。研究表明,黄芩在指定的条件下染丝绸,除可以获得实用的染色牢度外,还具有一定的抗菌功效,是一种值得开发的环保型功能染料。     

Nondestructive Monitoring of Oxygen Profiles in Packaged Foods Using Phase-Fluorimetric Oxygen Sensor

ABSTRACT: Nondestructive quantitation of oxygen in different types of packaged foods was performed using disposable phosphorescent oxygen sensor inserts placed in every individual sample and a fiber-optic phosphorescent phase detector. Oxygen levels and their changes over storage time are presented for vacuum-packed raw and cooked meat, smoked fish, and MAP sliced ham and bread. Damage to vacuum-packages was simulated by slitting the package film and monitoring the sensor response at different locations from the site of damage. The performance of the optical oxygen sensor in packaged foods was evaluated, and its usefulness for food research and industrial applications discussed.     

羟基蒽醌衍生物标签的制备与肉类变质监测性能研究

为了实时监测肉类新鲜度,通过烷基化反应分别合成含羧基和甲基的羟基蒽醌衍生物,负载在滤纸上并包覆醋酸纤维素制成pH比色响应标签.实验发现,不同的取代基会影响羟基蒽醌的pH变色域,1,4-二羟基-6-羧基蒽醌制成的标签相比其他羟基蒽醌物质对丁二胺有更高的响应灵敏度,包覆了醋酸纤维素的标签迁移量相比对照组可降低40.6％.室...     

Determination of Spoilage Microbiota of Pacific White Shrimp During Ambient and Cold Storage Using Next‐Generation Sequencing and Culture‐Dependent Method

This study was conducted to determine the initial and spoilage microbiota of Pacific white shrimp during ambient and cold storage using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and a culture‐dependent method. The quality changes were also evaluated by sensory analysis and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) values. After 1 d of storage, the psychrotrophic bacteria were only 5.97 log CFU/g, accounting for 1.1% of the mesophilic bacteria counts (7.94 log CFU/g). The psychrotrophic bacteria counts exceeded the counts of mesophilic bacteria for shrimp stored at 4 °C after 6 d of storage, indicating that psychrotrophic bacteria became predominant. The NGS was used to identify the bacterial species in samples stored at 25 and 4 °C. The results showed that the dominant microorganisms were Vibrio at 25 °C, and Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, and Shewanella at 4 °C. By the culture‐dependent method based on 16S rRNA gene and VITEK®2 CompactA system, it showed that the dominant microorganisms were Proteus spp. at 25 °C, and Shewanella putrefaciens, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Aeromonas sobria at 4 °C. In conclusion, differences in results of microbiota analyzed by culture dependent and independent approaches were observed. The combination of both methodologies may provide more comprehensive information about the dominant spoilage microbiota in Pacific white shrimp during ambient and cold storage.     

Using Multispectral Imaging for Spoilage Detection of Pork Meat

The quality of stored minced pork meat was monitored using a rapid multispectral imaging device to quantify the degree of spoilage. Bacterial counts of a total of 155 meat samples stored for up to 580 h have been measured using conventional laboratory methods. Meat samples were maintained under two different storage conditions: aerobic and modified atmosphere packages as well as under different temperatures. Besides bacterial counts, a sensory panel has judged the spoilage degree of all meat samples into one of three classes. Results showed that the multispectral imaging device was able to classify 76.13 % of the meat samples correctly according to the defined sensory scale. Furthermore, the multispectral camera device was able to predict total viable counts with a standard error of prediction of 7.47 %. It is concluded that there is a good possibility that a setup like the one investigated will be successful for the detection of spoilage degree in minced pork meat.     

天然植物染料槐米的染色性能研究

对槐米染料的提取条件，染色工艺进行了试验，并对槐米在真丝绸和棉布上的染色性能，湿牢度进行了比较。     

天然染料紫苏在大豆蛋白织物中染色性能研究

对紫苏染料在大豆蛋白纤维中的染色性能进行了分析探讨.实验结果表明：紫苏染料具有良好的染色性能,其最佳染色工艺条件为温度70～90℃、pH3.5～4.0、60min.     

Predictive Microbiology for Monitoring Spoilage of Dairy Products with Time-Temperature Integrators

Time/temperature integrators (TTI) have a potential for monitoring time-temperature history of perishable foods, including dairy products. To correlate the end of shelf life of dairy products with different TTI's, kinetic data for growth of a dairy spoilage microorganism was obtained. Both Arrhenius and square root equations were used to model the growth of Pseudomonas fragi. A significant negative history effect was observed for P. fragi growth rate whereas history effect was positive on the lag phase, under certain nonisothermal conditions. A correlation scheme of P. fragi growth was developed with the TTI response. The application of TTI's for dairy products is feasible despite the history effects.     

右旋龙脑促进姜黄素抑制A375黑色素瘤细胞增殖的研究

本文运用MTT实验考察姜黄素和右旋龙脑分别在单独作用和联合作用时对黑色素瘤细胞A375存活率的影响,并进一步运用流式细胞术分析右旋龙脑联合姜黄素抑制黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖的原因。结果表明,姜黄素单独作用对A375细胞增殖有显著的抑制效应,而右旋龙脑单独作用对A375细胞增殖没有表现出明显的抑制作用。当用40μg/m L右旋龙脑预处理3 h,再与20μmol/L姜黄素联合作用A375细胞72 h后,其细胞存活率达到最低为10.93%,这比20μmol/L姜黄素单独处理时细胞的存活率降低了18.27%。进一步的流式结果表明,相比单独姜黄素处理,右旋龙脑与姜黄素联合处理后能明显提高Sub G1峰和G2/M比例,右旋龙脑(40μg/m L)与姜黄素(20μmol/L)联合作用黑色素瘤细胞A375后,其Sub G1和G2/M的含量分别从对照组的2.0%和16.4%升高到16.8%和40.1%,表明右旋龙脑与姜黄素主要是通过诱导细胞凋亡和G2/M阻滞来抑制黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖。     

3种酶源助消化功能食品的开发与表征

为检测肉类腐败产生的H2S,制备银纳米颗粒混合双醛淀粉-壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇甘油凝胶。以木薯淀粉为原料,通过氧化反应,得到具有强还原基团的双醛淀粉。以壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇为交联剂,以甘油为溶剂,通过交联反应和原位还原反应,得到银纳米颗粒混合双醛淀粉-壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇甘油凝胶。所得银纳米颗粒混合凝胶具有较高的机械强度和形状稳定性,且对于硫化氢有快速高效的响应而出现明显的颜色变化,可用于智能包装材料监测鸡胸肉和猪里脊肉的品质。     

植物染料姜黄用于柞蚕丝织物染色性能的研究

采用姜黄提取液染柞蚕丝织物,通过正交实验、极差分析、方差分析及单因素分析确定了直接染色的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明天然植物染料姜黄可以直接上染柞蚕丝织物,并且具有较好的染色效果和染色牢度.     

Modulation of Marigold Based Lutein Dye and its Dyeing Behaviour Using UV Radiation

Application of natural dyes has increased interest in the past few years due to the eco-friendly behavior of these dyes. The present research is concerned with the effect of UV on dyeing behavior of cotton using marigold as source of natural Lutein dye. This is colorant lutein which imparts greenish yellow color to cotton fabric. The dye powder and cotton fabric were exposed to UV-radiation for different time intervals prior to dyeing and dyeing was performed at different dyeing variables. International Standard Organization (ISO) methods were employed to evaluate the color fastness properties, such as color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. It is found that 90 min exposure of UV radiations was the optimum condition for surface modification and dyeing of 70 min at 40°C give excellent results using 4 g/L salt to achieve maximum exhaustion. For improvement of color fastness, tannic acid (8%) as pre- and 6% as post-mordant is the best condition. It is found that UV ray treatment can be used to other fabrics followed by dyeing using extracts of dye yielding plants without any physical characteristics damage.     

储粮早期霉变监测方法测试研究

比较了粮库储粮早期霉变监测4种主要方法的特点,通过对各种方法特征的分析,将储粮早期霉变监测方法分为“粮食取样监测”和“粮堆可传导物监测”,前者适用于散粮或对粮堆表层特殊部位粮食的检测,后者更适合对整仓储粮进行监测。研究了各种方法监测储粮霉菌活动的敏感性,结果表明,在相同的储藏条件下,微生物活性检测至少可比平板菌落计数法提前3 d或更早了解储粮中霉菌危害活动的信息;粮堆中霉变原点二氧化碳监测比温度监测方法可提前10 d发现检测值的显著变化（P＜0.05）,并且二氧化碳气体在粮堆中的扩散速度明显高于温度在粮堆中的传导速度。     

Real-Time Monitoring of Organic Carrot (var. Romance) During Hot-Air Drying Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

The worldwide consumption of dried carrot (Daucus carota L.) is on a growing trend. Conventional methods for drying carrots include hot-water blanching followed by hot-air drying, which is usually uncontrolled and therefore prone to product quality deterioration. Thus, there is a need for innovative drying systems that yield high-value end products. In this study, the efficacy of NIR spectroscopy for the non-destructive monitoring of physicochemical changes and drying behaviour in organic carrot slices during 8-h hot-air drying at 40 °C was demonstrated using Partial least squares (PLS) regression and PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The impact of hot-water blanching pre-treatment (at 95 °C for 1.45 min) for enzyme inactivation on performances of both regression and classification models was also evaluated. PLS regression models were successfully developed to monitor changes in water activity (R ² = 0.91–0.96), moisture content (R ² = 0.97–0.98), total carotenoids content (R ² = 0.92–0.96), lightness for unblanched carrots (R ² = 0.80–0.83) and hue angle for blanched samples (R ² = 0.85–0.87). Soluble solids content prediction was poor for both treatments (RMSEP = 3.43–4.40). Classification models were developed to recognise dehydration phases of carrot slices on the basis of their NIR spectral profile using K-means and PLS-DA algorithms in sequence. The performance of each PLS-DA model was defined based on its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity rates. All of the selected models provided from good (> 0.85) to excellent (> 0.95) sensitivity and specificity for the predefined drying phases. Feature selection procedures yielded both regression and classification models with performances very similar to models computed from the full spectrum.     

水产品优势腐败菌及致腐潜能综述

水产品在贮藏期间呈特定的微生物演替规律,其中优势腐败菌在贮藏后期占据数量优势,且致腐败能力强,是导致水产品腐败变质的重要原因。本文在概述水产品贮藏期间微生物演替规律的基础上,介绍水产品中常见的优势腐败菌类型、生物膜形成及致腐机制,其中相关功能基因的表达、胞外酶的分泌是水产品中优势腐败菌的重要致腐要素。同时,本文从肌原纤维蛋白降解、核苷酸关联产物代谢、脂质氧化角度出发,阐述优势腐败菌的致腐败路径,提出未来可从分子水平、全基因组序列层面建立编码基因表达-优势腐败菌-水产品品质特性间的内在调控机制,特别是混合优势腐败菌的致腐机制。同时建议利用代谢组学技术构建优势腐败菌的代谢路径,关注不同代谢路径间的交互作用,为揭示水产品腐败机理、靶向抑制腐败菌以及采取有效的保鲜策略提供理论参考。     

天然植物染料西红花对真丝织物染色

对西红花色素的稳定性,以及西红花色素对真丝织物染色性能进行了分析、探讨,分别通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了直接染色和预媒染染色的工艺方案。实验结果表明,西红花色素对酸性环境和常见金属离子有较好的稳定性,对真丝织物染色具有较好的上染性能。