Structure and Function of the Catalyst and the Promoter in Co—Mo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

Simply stated, a membrane is a barrier which is capable of redistributing components in a fluid stream through a driving force such as the difference in pressure, concentration, or electrical potential. When a concentration or electrical potential gradient provides the necessary driving force, this barrier separation process is called dialysis or electrodialysis. Most of the membrane processes are based on an applied pressure difference across the membranes.     

Study of Mn-based Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene

The gas-phase oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of cyclohexane to cyclohexene in the presence of molecular oxygen has been studied over various Mn-based catalysts. It is found that LiCl/MnO_x/PC (Portland cement) catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic performance, and a 42.8% cyclohexane conversion, 58.8% cyclohexene selectivity and 25.2% cyclohexene yield can be achieved under 600 °C, 20,000 h⁻¹ and C₆H₁₂/O₂/N₂=14/7/79. There are good correlations between the selectivities to cyclohexene and the electrical conductivities of Li doped Mn-based catalysts, from which it is deduced that the non-fully reduced oxygen species (O₂⁻, O₂²⁻, O⁻) involved in a new phase of LiMn₂O₄ might be responsible for the high selectivity toward cyclohexene, whereas the Mn₂O₃ crystal phase results in the CO_x formation. The selectivity to cyclohexene increases with increasing molar ratio of Li to Mn in LiCl/MnO_x/PC.     

环己烷气相氧化脱氢催化剂的研究进展

为了尽可能多地获得环己烯和充分利用苯选择加氢反应的副产物环己烷,环己烷氧化脱氢反应在近 20 年内得到迅速发展.环己烷氧化脱氢反应催化剂体系的选择对于获得较高的环己烯产率和选择性、较低的氧化脱氢反应温度以及最优的反应路径尤为重要.详细阐述了阳离子沸石催化剂、复合金属氧化物催化剂以及贵金属丝网催化剂等在环己烷氧化脱氢制取...     

Surface Properties and Reactivity of Al2O3-Supported MoO3 Catalysts in Ethane Oxidative Dehydrogenation

The effect of MoO₃ loading on the properties and the catalytic performance of a series of alumina-supported molybdena catalysts (0–30 wt% MoO₃) was investigated in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. The molybdena species on alumina were found to be amorphous at submonolayer coverages. At higher loadings, the formation of Al₂(MoO₄)₃ crystallites was detected by XRD. XPS revealed the existence of both Mo(VI) and Mo(V) sites on the catalyst surface, the concentration of which depends on the MoO₃ loading. In terms of catalytic performance, the activity increases with increasing loading in the submonolayer regime, decreasing for higher loadings. High selectivity to ethene is obtained even at relatively high conversion levels for catalysts exceeding monolayer coverage.     

V-Mg-O催化剂上丁烷氧化脱氢动力学研究

制备了V－Mg-O催化剂,并测定了在该催化剂上进行丁烷氧化脱氢的反应动力学。应用BET和X射线衍射技术对催化剂进行了表征,在反应温度793－873K范围内,改变接触时间（W／F）和丁烷与氧气的分压进行了动力学实验。在所有的实验条件下,产物主要有脱氢产物（丁烯、丁二烯）、CO和CO2。提出了一个包括C4烯烃、COx生成反应的反应网络;从所测量的动力学数据中得到了合适的幂率型动力学方程。因为氧化脱氧反应的表观活化能比深度氧化反应的表观活化能大,在相同转化率时,C4烯烃选择性随着反应温度的提高而增加。     

改性VOx/MSU-1催化剂上CO2氧化异丁烷脱氢反应

以MSU-1为载体制备了一系列改性的VOx/MSU-1催化剂,并在CO2氧化异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯的反应中评价了催化剂的性能,发现稀土元素La、Ce的加入能提高催化剂的活性。采用XRD、H2-TPR及NH3-TPD方法对催化剂La2O3-VOx/MSU-1进行了深入的表征,发现La2O3的加入提高了载体MSU-1上活性组分VOx的分散度,同时也改善了催化剂表面的酸碱性,更加有利于异丁烷氧化脱氢反应的进行。优化了反应条件,在最佳反应条件下,异丁烷的转化率为63.6%,异丁烯的产率为52.3%。最后,通过8 h的稳定性实验,发现与VOx/MSU-1相比,催化剂La2O3-VOx/MSU-1具有更好的催化稳定性。     

Characterization and Catalytic Behavior of VO x -CeO2 Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

A series of ceria-supported vanadium catalysts was prepared via impregnation of the support with an ammonium metavanadate solution. The 723 K calcined samples were tested for propane oxydehydrogenation (ODH) activity and selectivity. The sample exhibiting the highest propane conversion was found to be the ceria support material itself, although this showed essentially no selectivity towards propene. An optimum propene yield of 4.2% was obtained at 673 K for the 6 wt% V₂O₅-CeO₂ sample. Conversion decreased with increasing V loading which was attributed to the formation of cerium vanadate (CeVO₄). This phase was found in all samples after calcination, its abundance rising in proportion to the V loading. In the 6 wt% V₂O₅ catalyst hydrated surface VO_x species were present, although they underwent conversion to CeVO₄ at temperatures above 573 K. The low reducibility of these surface vanadates was linked to the oxidation activity. It is inferred that surface polyvanadate species are responsible for the selective ODH of propane with V-O-V and/or V-O-Ce being the active oxygen species.     

铁酸盐系列丁烯氧化脱氢催化剂研究进展

综述了铁酸盐系列催化剂(Fe系催化剂)在丁烯氧化脱氢反应中的应用研究进展,介绍了Fe系催化剂的活性中心和氧化脱氢机理,分析了催化剂的失活原因,详述了助剂对Fe系催化剂催化性能的影响,并对Fe系催化剂的发展方向进行了展望。开发出高反应活性、高选择性和高强度的新一代Fe系丁烯氧化脱氢制丁二烯的高效催化剂,是今后的主要研究方向,同时,开发资源利用率高、低投资、低生产成本和废水量少的丁烯氧化脱氢工艺也非常关键。     

非晶态合金催化剂用于二乙醇胺脱氢氧化制备亚氨基二乙酸的研究

用自制的非晶态合金催化剂一步催化脱氢氧化二乙醇胺合成亚氨基二乙酸 ,考察了催化剂与二乙醇胺的质量比、反应温度、时间、压力和pH值对亚氨基二乙酸转化率的影响 ,并与其它RaneyCu类催化剂进行了对比。结果表明 ,使用CSGZ - 0 4非晶态合金催化剂进行二乙醇胺脱氢氧化 ,当反应温度为 16 0～ 180℃、压力为 12～ 18MPa、pH值为 12 6 8、催化剂与二乙醇胺质量比为 16 5∶10 0、反应时间为 2 5～ 3h时 ,亚氨基二乙酸的收率≥ 98% ,CSGZ - 0 4催化剂重复使用2 4次时 ,亚氨基二乙酸的收率≥ 95 %     

Evaluating the Catalytic Performances of SAPO-34 Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

Acid silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34 catalysts with a chabasite-related (CHA) structure were tested for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane in the temperature range 550-700 °C achieving very interesting catalytic performances (about 70% C₂H₄ selectivity at 45% ethane conversion) which were related to both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, as found by a NH₃-TPD study.     

丙烷在La_2O_3－V_2O_5及La_2O_3－MoO_3催化剂上的氧化脱氢

研究了Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３－Ｖ_２Ｏ_５及Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３－ＭＯＯ_３两个催化体系对丙烷氧化脱氢反应的活性以及反应体系中加入ＣＯ_２对Ｃ_３Ｈ_６选择性及其产率的影响；并对这二个催化体系进行了比较。     

乙苯氧化脱氢制苯乙烯催化机理及催化过程分析

采用乙苯氧化脱氢过程不仅可以突破热力学平衡的限制, 并且降低了生产过程的能耗。该过程的关键是开发出高活性及高选择性的催化剂。以V-Mg-O为代表的金属氧化物型催化剂遵循典型的Redox机理。影响催化剂性能的主要因素有催化剂的晶相组成、表面电子特性和表面酸行, 同时工艺条件诸如反应温度、O₂浓度、EB空速及水蒸汽用量等也影响着催化剂的性能, 其中催化剂的晶相组成起着决定性作用。     

A Critical Assessment of Li/MgO-Based Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Li/MgO is one of the most frequently investigated catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane. Besides catalytic testing, it is also a suitable system to perform surface science experiments and quantum chemical calculations, which is not possible for many other active catalysts. However, the real structure of Li/MgO, the nature of the active center and the structure - activity relationship remain unclear, despite all the research that has been done. The aim of this review is to summarize the available knowledge on Li/MgO to structure and accelerate and improve the ongoing work on this catalytic system.     

Nanostructured Oxide Catalysts for Oxidative Activation of Alkanes

The valorization of light alkanes via catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) and selective oxidation is, with a few exemptions, still not solved. Oxide catalysts play a foremost role in these reactions. The control of the nanostructure brings new ways to tune their catalytic properties, but to date this has been little explored for alkane activation. This paper offers an overview of the applications of nanostructured oxide catalysts to oxidative activation of alkanes. Relevant examples of their unusual performance, the improvement of activity and selectivity attained by these oxides, and the new features brought by ordered mesoporous oxides, are discussed. Application of nanotechnology to oxides brings both new challenges and opportunities for catalytic applications. To make the most of it, a broad multidisciplinary approach, and bridging the lack of communication among the various research areas (electronics, materials, catalysis) involved, are needed. Dedicated to the founders and the members of Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, on the 40th anniversary of its foundation.     

Na-W-Mn-Zr-S-P/SiO_2催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢反应

研究了甲烷氧化偶联六组分Na-W-Mn-Zr-S-P/SiO_2催化剂对乙烷氧化脱氢反应的催化性能.考察了不同原料气配比、温度和空速等条件下的催化剂活性.讨论了催化剂中S或P组分的含量对催化活性的影响.实验结果表明,S和P元素的加入可以提高催化剂的活性.660℃时六组分催化剂上乙烷的转化率为65.2%,乙烯的选择性为83.2%,此时得到的乙烯收率最高.乙烷与氧气比的增加有利于提高乙烯的选择性.较低反应温度时,空速的增加可以抑制碳氧化物(CO,CO_2)的生成,提高乙烯选择性.     

丁烯氧化脱氢制丁二烯的反应器

就Ⅷ族变价催化剂丁烯氧化氢制丁二烯的多旋档板流化床进行了较铨面的描述，并与国外的绝热固定床和列管式恒温固定床进行了对比，说明了各自的利弊。指出：现有催化剂，如果采列管式恒温固定床反应器，将会使丁二烯收率（单程）由６２．２％（目前国内和世界水平）提高到７８．７％（单程），这将是丁烯氧哗脱氢制丁二烯工艺的一个重大进步。     

Ozonated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Highly Active and Selective Catalyst in the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethyl Benzene to Styrene

Purification and ozonation protocols for the functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were developed to modify the surface with respect to increasing the catalytic activity of the samples in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene (ODEB) to styrene. The modification processes drastically enhance the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area and the number of oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of the nanotubes. The modified MWCNT exhibit significantly improved conversion and styrene selectivity in the ODEB reaction. For instance, ozonation led to MWCNT‐based catalysts revealing conversion and selectivity values of 80 % and 92 %, respectively. An increase in surface oxygen accompanied by high catalytic activity observed on the catalysts suggests that oxygen‐containing groups are the dominant active sites for the reaction.     

锂对二氧化碳气氛下乙苯脱氢催化剂铁(Fe)/活性炭(AC)的促进作用

研究了助剂Li对CO2气氛下活性炭负载的Fe氧化物(Fe/AC)催化剂上的乙苯脱氢性能的影响和CO2的作用。助剂Li的添加提高了Fe/AC催化剂在CO2气氛下的乙苯脱氢活性和稳定性;CO2气氛下的苯乙烯收率明显高于N2气氛下,表明CO2显著促进了乙苯脱氢反应。     

Highly Selective Supported Alkali Chloride Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

Binary, ternary and quaternary molten eutectic alkali chloride catalysts, supported on mildly redox active oxides, were investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. The influence of different support oxides, on the catalytic performance, as well as that of different anions (bromide vs. chloride) and cations in a chloride eutectic system were studied. Metal oxides which react with chlorides are not suitable and lead to substantial deactivation. Especially supports forming volatile chlorides induce irreversible chloride depletion. Bromides catalyze oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane with higher rates, but lower olefin selectivities, highlighting the similarities and differences of Cl^? and Br^? in the redox cycle. Two catalysts were identified having olefin selectivities up to 98 % at 70 % ethane conversion, which ranges among the highest selectivities reported for ethane ODH.