间热式大面积六硼化镧中空阴极

介绍了适用于强流离子源的间热式大面积六硼化镧中空阴极。在１５ｃｍ双潘宁离子湖泊 上放电特性研究表明，该阴极性能良好，能可靠工作，使用过程中多次暴露于大气中，发射性能并未变坏，加热功率为１．４５ｋＷ，ＬａＢ６发射电流密度为２０Ａ／ｃｍ＾２，放电电流４００Ａ，脉冲宽度３０ｍｓ，放电波形重复性很好。使用１００ｈ后，发射体尺寸无明显变化。     

真空弧离子源脉冲工作瞬间的放电行为

采用高速摄影和光谱诊断的方法研究了真空弧离子源脉冲工作瞬间的放电行为。拍摄了离子源放电瞬间吸氢电极上阴极斑的形成过程，分析了不同放电电流时阴极斑的发射光谱。实验结果表明，当脉冲工作电流为10^1—10^2A时，真空弧离子源放电区一般只有单个阴极斑，阴极斑的位置在同一次放电中的变化很小；较大的脉冲工作电流有利于提高阴极斑的温度，并最终导致氢离子浓度的增加，但也会使阴极材料的溅射更加严重，造成离子源等离子体品质下降。     

阴极测试电子枪结构的设计、试验及改进

阴极测试方法对阴极发射性能评价有着较大影响.本文介绍了一种热阴极性能的电子枪结构测试方法.我们自主设计研制了阴极测试电子枪结构,并采用该测试系统对几种覆膜浸渍钡钨阴极(M型阴极)的电子发射性能进行了初步测试.试验结果表明采用这种阴极性能评价系统是十分有利的.同时根据初步试验的问题,以及对测试结果的分析,对该电子枪结构作进一步的设计改进.     

掺镧抑制氟化钡晶体闪烁光慢成分的机理研究

运用局域密度近似的Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｃｋ－Ｓｌａｔｅｒ理论和嵌入分子集团的方法分别对氟化钡（ＢａＦ２）和掺镧氟化钡（ＢａＦ２：Ｌａ＾３＋）的能级结构进行了计算，发现掺Ｌａ对抑制ＢａＦ２晶体闪烁光慢成分的直接原因可能并非Ｌａ本身，而是由它所引入的填隙氟离子（Ｆ＾－１）。     

双钙钛矿氧化物中B位掺杂对固体氧化物燃料电池性能的影响

作为氢燃料利用的核心器件，固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,SOFC)可以高效地将燃料气转化为电能。燃料电池中的阴极作为氧还原反应的发生场所，不仅对性能输出占有重要的影响，而且还是燃料电池的稳定性和寿命的关键决定因素。针对阴极材料的研究在推动燃料电池技术发展及产业化进程中具有重要意义。为了提升阴极的电化学性能，本文对双钙钛矿结构氧化物Pr Ba_0.8Ca_0.2Co₂O_5+δ(PBCC)中的钴元素进行掺杂调控，研究掺杂元素的种类、浓度对材料电化学性能的影响，通过电化学性能测试确定了最优的掺杂元素类型和含量。当使用掺杂5 mol%铁元素的PBCC材料作为阴极时，燃料电池在700℃的最大功率达到了1 259 m W·cm^-2，远优于未掺杂时的988 m W·cm^-2。对掺杂元素含量和种类的优化有助于提升固体氧化物燃料电池的电化学性能。     

10cm×10cmCSC模型室的测试系统软件

阴极条读出探测器（ＣＳＣ）具有特点使其成为美国ＳＳＣ实验室ＧＥＭ合作中μ探测器的被选对象。本文介绍高能物理所研制的ＣＳＣ１０ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ模型的性能测量所应用的软件。     

阴极端面旋转弧根的数值分析

辅助电弧的阴极弧根在管状钨阴极端面旋转时，随着阴极弧根旋转频率的增加，在阴极端面形成一圈温度较高的区域；区域中各点的温度（除弧根处温度）趋于均匀，从而为主电弧的阴极弧根在这个区域中分裂成多弧根或形成扩散型弧根模式提供了必要的温度条件；弧根处的阴极端面温度随旋转频率的增加而下降并趋于一个稳定的值。本文利用三维热传导方程对此进行了分析。     

聚变中子的γ光子转换

用离散纵标法求解中子－γ光子联合输运方程，以选择实现聚变中子高效转换成γ光子的工作物质。结果表明：核＾９６Ｍｏ的转换效果最好；若能对聚变中子源适当慢化，则＾１５１Ｅｕ，＾１５３Ｅｕ和＾９６Ｍｏ的转换效率都很高，其中Ｅｕ所需材料最小，而Ｍｏ转换的γ能量较高。     

用于DC-SC光阴极微波电子枪中的Cs2Te光阴极研制

文章介绍DC-SC光阴极微波电子枪中的关键部件——Cs2Te光阴极的研制。采用两种方法制得了高量子效率要求的Cs2Te光阴极，并实验比较了两种制备方法的效果。针对制备中的超高真空、精确控制Cs原子流量和阴极温度等关键问题，设计了用于DC-SC光阴极微波电子枪中的光阴极制备室。     

Pierce型六硼化镧阴极脉冲电子枪

文章对使用平面LaB_6阴极Pierce型脉冲电子枪进行了研究。这种Φ16×3 mm的阴极具有发射性能稳定、抗中毒、易于激活及较低真空条件等优点。在阳极脉冲电压80kV和阴极温度1360℃时,获得630mA脉冲聚焦电子束流。文中也给出电子枪的某些实验结果。     

911A型中空阴极离子源的改进

对从丹麦进口的９１１Ａ型中空阴极离子源进行了重新设计，经多次出束调试及改进，离子源部件已基本国产化。气体束可达到１０＾－５Ａ；固体束最大可达到１０＾－６Ａ，一次填料可持续稳定地工作５ｈ左右。     

六硼化镧阴极在双等离子体离子源中的应用

一、引言早在50年代初,J.M.Lafferty就研究了六硼化镧阴极的电子发射特性。70年代中期以后,六硼化镧阴极广泛地应用于现代技术的许多领域。例如,等离子体发生器、强流离子源(包括用于聚变研究中的中性束注入源)、电子显微镜、质谱仪和一些电子器件(真空规管,热电离变换器等)。     

Impact of exterior electron emission on the self-sustaining margin of hollow cathode discharge

Hollow cathode researches used to focus on the inner cavity or downstream plume, however,rarely on the gap between the throttling orifice plate and the keeper plate(T-K gap), which was found to impact the self-sustaining margin of hollow cathode discharge in this paper. Near the lower margin, the main power deposition and electron emission and ionization regions would migrate from inner cavity and downstream plume to the T-K gap, in which case, the source and destination of each m A current therein matter for the self-sustaining capability. Changing the metal surfaces in the T-K gap with emissive materials proved effective in lowering the lower margin by supplementing auxiliary thermionic emission, compensating electron loss on cold absorbing walls and suppressing discharge oscillations. By doing so, the lower margin of a 4 A hollow cathode was lowered from 1 to 0.1-0.2 A, enabling it to couple with low power Hall thruster without extra keeper current.     

Preliminary investigation of possible low-temperature fusion

Preliminary tests have been made with electrolytic cells utilizing 0.2N LiOD in D₂O as the electrolyte and a palladium cathode surrounded by a wire-wound platinum anode operating at cathode current densities of 100–400 mA/cm². The cathodes were swaged to diameters of 2.8 or 5.5 mm with 8.5 cm of active length. The electrolyte temperature was controlled, heat was removed by flowing water in a cooling jacket, and the cell was insulated. Cooling water and electrolyte temperatures were measured by thermocouples, and neutron and gamma-ray spectra were recorded. The electrolyte level was periodically monitored and replenished with D₂O. Tests up to 2 weeks in duration were made with no sustained release of energy in excess of the electrical power input, although there was one period of 12 h when an unaccountable heat excess was observed. In another test, an anomalous neutron flux was measured during the first few hours that was 3.5 standard deviations above the background.     

Ir—Ce合金阴极及其应用研究

重点研究了粉末冶金法制备Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ（铱－铈）合金阴极过程中压制压力和烧结温度对发射性能的影响，建立起了一套稳定的制备工艺。试验得到Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ掺Ｗ阴极在１７５３Ｋ时的发射电流密度达１２．４Ａ／ｃｍ２，电流密度保持为１．７Ａ／ｃｍ２，发射试验稳定达１５０ｈ。从机理上验证了它是一种高温大发射电流的发射体。试验还表明Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ阴极具有良好的抗中毒能力。作为应用研究，测量了该阴极在热阴极微波电子枪中的发射性能，微波腔场强约１０ＭＶ／ｍ，工作温度１９１３Ｋ，零场发射电流密度为１０Ａ／ｃｍ２，最大发射电流密度达２１Ａ／ｃｍ２，在２０２０Ｋ时计算零场发射电流密度可达４２Ａ／ｃｍ２。     

低能高束流氩离子源的结构及性能

离子源技术是等离子体研究中的一项重要内容,而低能大束流源则是离子源技术研究中的一个重要方向,因为这样的源在离子束刻蚀、离子束溅射镀膜以及荷能粒子与物质相互作用方面都有广泛的应用;本文采用空心阴极空心阳极结构,用热阴极电子发射弧放电驱动并用磁场约束产生等离子体,用曲面发射引出离子束,研制成了氩气放电溅射离子源;研究了灯丝加热电流、弧压对弧流的影响和弧流与工作气体压力对离子束引出的影响规律.离子源的引出电压在0-4.0 kV之间连续可调,最大引出束流为100 mA,束斑面积为φ6.0 cm,以Ti为溅射靶时的最大溅射沉积率为0.45 nm/s,离子源可连续工作160 h.     

Plasma characteristics in the discharge region of a 20A emission current hollow cathode

Numerical calculation and fluid simulation methods were used to obtain the plasma characteristics in the discharge region of the LIPS-300 ion thruster’s 20 A emission current hollow cathode and to verify the structural design of the emitter.The results of the two methods indicated that the highest plasma density and electron temperature,which improved significantly in the orifice region,were located in the discharge region of the hollow cathode.The magnitude of plasma density was about 10~(21)m~(-3)in the emitter and orifice regions,as obtained by numerical calculations,but decreased exponentially in the plume region with the distance from the orifice exit.Meanwhile,compared to the emitter region,the electron temperature and current improved by about 36%in the orifice region.The hollow cathode performance test results were in good agreement with the numerical calculation results,which proved that that the structural design of the emitter and the orifice met the requirements of a 20 A emission current.The numerical calculation method can be used to estimate plasma characteristics in the preliminary design stage of hollow cathodes.     

Development and experimental study of large size composite plasma immersion ion implantation device

Plasma immersion ion implantation(PⅢ) overcomes the direct exposure limit of traditional beamline ion implantation, and is suitable for the treatment of complex work-piece with large size. PⅢ technology is often used for surface modification of metal, plastics and ceramics. Based on the requirement of surface modification of large size insulating material, a composite full-directional PⅢ device based on RF plasma source and metal plasma source is developed in this paper. This device can not only realize gas ion implantation, but also can realize metal ion implantation, and can also realize gas ion mixing with metal ions injection. This device has two metal plasma sources and each metal source contains three cathodes. Under the condition of keeping the vacuum unchanged, the cathode can be switched freely. The volume of the vacuum chamber is about 0.94 m~3, and maximum vacuum degree is about 5?×?10~(-4) Pa. The density of RF plasma in homogeneous region is about 10~9 cm~(-3), and plasma density in the ion implantation region is about 10~(10) cm~(-3). This device can be used for large-size sample material PⅢ treatment, the maximum size of the sample diameter up to 400 mm. The experimental results show that the plasma discharge in the device is stable and can run for a long time. It is suitable for surface treatment of insulating materials.     

阴极有半圆柱形凹槽的非对称磁控管型H~-离子源的试验研究

一、前言国内唯一的一台标准磁控管型H~-离子源已在1983年完成了桌上试验研究,达到了预期的指标。试验中发现,该源按弧功率估算应能引出更多的H~-束流(>50mA),H~-束流的引出除受该装置引出电压(<18kV)的限制外,阴极表面利用系数低也限制了H~-束流的引出,为提高源的效率,引用了阴极-阳极引出狭缝形状聚焦技术,试制了一个带半圆     

Development of a new X-ray source using backscattered X-ray with the use of a cold cathode

The development of an intense X-ray source using backscattered X-ray produced using an advanced electrode configuration is described. The electrodes were composed of field emitters deposited on a wire mounted on a perforated plate as the cathode and a copper plate as the anode. Electrons from these emitters collided with the copper plate and X-ray was generated at collision points. The backscattered X-ray in the direction normal to the electron trajectory through a hole in the anode escaped from the vacuum chamber through a beryllium window. Continuous and characteristic X-rays were detected at an applied voltage lower than that of a conventional X-ray source from 3.0 to 9.4 kV, respectively. Moreover, the X-ray dosage measured with a survey meter reached 0.95 mSv/h at 5.0 kV of applied voltage. The transmission images of three types of material used as an X-ray source for the X-ray imaging system indicate three advantages; low power consumption, focal point controllable by adjusting applied voltage, and photographable motion picture of X-ray transmission.