生物活性炭技术在污水处理中的应用及发展

在总结生物活性炭(BAC)工艺处理污水的机理及应用研究现状基础上,介绍了国内外生物活性炭技术的典型处理工艺及其设计要点,指出生物活性炭技术作为固定化技术的一种,在污水的深度处理中有着很好的优势.     

纤维活性炭在水处理中的应用

纤维活性炭(Activated Carbon Fiber,简称ACF)是有机炭纤维,经活化处理后形成的一种新型吸附材料,它具有发达的微孔结构及各种官能团,吸附性能明显优于常规的粉末或颗粒活性炭。迄今,国外在采用ACF进行溶剂回收、气体净化等方面已取得显著的成就。在水处理行业,ACF有可能取代普通活性炭而发挥积极作用。     

活性炭在微污染水源水处理中的应用综述

介绍了活性炭在微污染水源水处理中的应用情况,包括活性炭吸附、生物活性炭、臭氧活性炭技术等的对水源中有机物的去除效果和工艺特点,指出活性炭对去除水中微量有机物污染方面是其他水处理单元难以取代的,在微污染水源水处理中有较广泛的应用.     

活性炭吸附法在农用水处理中的应用

目前水污染问题已经成为全世界关注的热点,水体的严重污染将会影响人们的健康并破坏人类的生存环境。故对污水的处理成为人们的重点研究对象。本文概述了活性炭的性质及特点,简要分析了其吸附机理,综述了活性炭在水处理方面的应用。     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用进展

1　 ＭＢＲ应用情况目前 ,越来越多的国家将ＭＢＲ用于生活污水和工业废水的处理。表 1中列出了一些发达国家近年来ＭＢＲ的应用情况。表 1　ＭＢＲ的应用情况国家应用单位 膜供应商处理水量(ｍ3 ｄ) 处理对象荷兰[1 ] Ｂｅｖｅｒｗｉｊｋ污水处理厂 2 4 0生活污水荷兰 Ｖａｒｓｓｅｖｅｌｄ污水处理厂 180 0 0生活污水英国[2 ]Ｐｏｒｌｏｃｋ污水处理厂Ｋｕｂｏｔａ 190 0生活污水英国Ｓｗａｎａｇｅ污水处理厂 Ｋｕｂｏｔａ 130 0 0生活污水英国Ｄａｌｄｏｗｉｅ污水处理厂Ｋｕｂｏｔａ 10 80 0生活污水英国Ｗｒａｘａｌｌ污水处理厂Ｋｕ…     

活性炭海绵动态膜生物反应器用于污水处理提标改造中试研究

自行设计研发了以活性炭海绵作为膜基材的动态膜生物反应器,为污水处理的提标排放及资源化利用提供了科学依据及实际参考价值。详细考察了该反应器对污染物的去除效果和运行特性,通过和现有污水处理厂处理效果比较,探索活性炭海绵基材动态膜生物反应器用于城市污水提标改造的可行性。结果表明,在水力停留时间8h、污泥浓度8 000mg/L的条件下,活性炭海绵动态膜生物反应器出水COD、NH3-N、TN和TP浓度分别≤35.0mg/L、≤1.4mg/L、≤10.2mg/L和≤0.3mg/L,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB18918 2002一级A标准。活性炭的吸附性能和海绵的空间结构特征协同作用强化了系统对污染物的去除效果,活性炭海绵动态膜生物反应器可完全取代现有污水厂深度处理工艺应用于提标改造。曝气反冲洗可有效减缓出水通量下降,使系统出水通量稳定在30L/(m2·h)左右。     

生物絮凝吸附强化处理工艺在城市污水处理中的应用

本文阐述了城市污水生物絮凝吸附强化一级处理工艺去除污染物的效能和机理。实践证明该工艺在去除城市污水中的有机物和氮污染物方面具有一定的优越性。     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展

介绍了2004年6月在韩国汉城召开的“水环境一膜技术国际会议”(1wA Specialty Conferenee on Water Environment-Membrane Technology)情况及膜生物反应器在污水处理中的大规模应用，详述了膜污染防治和膜通量维持的措施以及膜污染的原因等，总结了近年来膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展。     

膜蒸馏技术在炼化污水处理中的应用

介绍膜蒸馏的技术原理、膜组件类型、常见的直接接触式膜蒸馏（ＤＣＭＤ）、气隙式膜蒸馏（ＡＧＭＤ）、气扫式膜蒸馏（ＳＧＭＤ）、真空膜蒸馏（ＶＭＤ）、渗透膜蒸馏（ＯＭＤ）以及新型的多效膜蒸馏（ＭＥＭＤ）、气提升式减压膜蒸馏（ＡＬＶＭＤ）、鼓气减压膜蒸馏（ＡＶＭＤ）、膜蒸馏反应器（ＭＤＢＲ）、液隙式膜蒸馏（ＬＧＭＤ）等多种膜蒸馏技术在炼化污水处理中的研究进展。结合炼化企业污水水质以及针对石油石化行业污水所开展的模拟实验研究,进一步探索炼化企业与膜蒸馏技术结合的发展方向。     

TiO2光催化氧化技术在污水处理应用中的新进展

综合介绍了目前国内外对光催化技术研究的最新动态和光催化技术在污水处理方面应用进展。特别对TiO2光催化氧化法在日光下降解污水的可能性进行了综述。     

膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用及前景展望

介绍了膜生物反应器的发展历程,对膜生物反应器的分类以及工艺特点作了阐述,并讨论了膜生物反应器在生活污水、工业废水中的应用,对其发展前景进行了展望.     

PVC卷材在屋面翻新中的应用

PVC防水卷材在单层柔性轻钢屋面、传统钢结构屋面以及混凝土屋面等三类防水失效屋面的翻新工程中都得到了应用。文章指出,各类做法虽各有特点,但都需要对设计、选材、安装、维护全过程的质量加以控制,才能实现预期的屋面防水目标。     

膜生物反应器处理造纸废水研究

为了确定针对造纸废水处理的外置式膜生物反应器的最佳运行条件,采用中试膜生物反应器系统处理实际造纸废水,试验对COD和色度的平均去除率分别为93.7%和79.2%,并确定膜组件清洗周期为150 d。     

Identification and characterization of bacterial activities involved in wastewater treatment by aerobic fixed-bed reactor

Bacterial colonization of an aerobic fixed bed reactor was studied as a function of reactor height and time during three days. After the colonization, the evolution of the quantity of fixed biomass, their hydrolytical activities and the influence of periodic backwashing were measured, weekly. Approximatively 100 bacteria were identified and classified in different metabolic groups. A decreasing gradient of biomass from top to bottom of the reactor was observed. Backwashing operation permitted the removal of 48% of the fixed biomass. In terms of bacterial strains and their potential hydrolytical abilities (glucidolytical, proteolytical, and lipolytical), no zonation was observed. Most of the species isolated from the granular support belong to the following genera and family: Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas.     

膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用与发展

介绍了国内外膜生物反应器的研究及应用进展，结合膜生物反应器的特点与分类，就其应用现状作了阐述，并指出膜生物反应器技术是一种高效废水处理工艺，具有广阔的应用前景。     

微滤膜用于污水回用处理的试验研究

采用中空纤维微滤膜对中水站出水进行了深度处理试验研究.试验结果表明,经过微滤膜过滤后,出水浊度小于1 NTU,对CODCr的去除率为30%左右,出水中未检出大肠杆菌,但对NH3-N的去除效果不佳.对膜污染过程研究发现,微滤膜在进行水力反冲洗后,跨膜压差增加会很快,这时需对膜进行化学反冲洗,并且根据处理原水情况选择化学反冲洗药剂.     

Decontamination industrial pharmaceutical wastewater by combining solar photo-Fenton and biological treatment

Characterization and treatment of a real pharmaceutical wastewater containing 775 mg dissolved organic carbon per liter by a solar photo-Fenton/biotreatment were studied. There were also many inorganic compounds present in the matrix. The most important chemical in this wastewater was nalidixic acid (45 mg/L), an antibiotic pertaining to the quinolone group. A Zahn-Wellens test demonstrated that the real bulk organic content of the wastewater was biodegradable, but only after long biomass adaptation; however, the nalidixic acid concentration remained constant, showing that it cannot be biodegraded. An alternative is chemical oxidation (photo-Fenton process) first to enhance biodegradability, followed by a biological treatment (Immobilized Biomass Reactor - IBR). In this case, two studies of photo-Fenton treatment of the real wastewater were performed, one with an excess of H₂O₂ (kinetic study) and another with controlled H₂O₂ dosing (biodegradability and toxicity studies). In the kinetic study, nalidixic acid completely disappeared after 190 min. In the other experiment with controlled H₂O₂, nalidixic acid degradation was complete at 66 mM of H₂O₂ consumed. Biodegradability and toxicity bioassays showed that photo-Fenton should be performed until total degradation of nalidixic acid before coupling a biological treatment. Analysis of the average oxidation state (AOS) demonstrated the formation of more oxidized intermediates. With this information, the photo-Fenton treatment time (190 min) and H₂O₂ dose (66 mM) necessary for adequate biodegradability of the wastewater could be determined. An IBR operated in batch mode was able to reduce the remaining DOC to less than 35 mg/L. Ammonium consumption and NO₃⁻ generation demonstrated that nitrification was also attained in the IBR. Overall DOC degradation efficiency of the combined photo-Fenton and biological treatment was over 95%, of which 33% correspond to the solar photochemical process and 62% to the biological treatment.     

污水处理厂沼气储气柜检修和维护技术探讨

根据青岛市两座污水处理厂检修和新建沼气储气柜的实际工程,对湿式沼气储气柜检修时在防腐处理技术、气体置换、安全管理方面进行了研究并对新材料在新建干式储气柜的应用效果及维护技术方面进行了探讨.通过湿式与干式沼气储气柜在检修技术、日常维护、应用效果及运行现状等方面的比较,阐述了干式沼气储气柜在运行管理方面的可靠性与发展前景.     

沼气池在农村污水处理中的应用

简述了农村排水的现状,介绍了污水处理的方法,探讨了沼气在农村污水处理中的应用,指出厌氧净化污水池迎合了我国小城镇建设和发展的需要,在不断对其研究和改进的同时应大力推广应用。     

Olive mills wastewater treatment by combined membrane processes

The purpose of this work was to verify the combined application of membranes and adsorption processes to the treatment of vegetation waters coming from olive oil factories. The described pilot plant worked for about 6 months using polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes, absorbing polymers and polypiperazine amide reverse osmosis membranes. The process was optimized so that from wastewater entering with a COD content of about 90,000 ppm it was possible to obtain a COD reduction of about 99% with the recovery of polyphenols to use in alimentary industries and of a “concentrated paste” for oil extraction, phurphurale production or combustion. Also evaluated was the economical feasibility of industrial application calculating that the total cost of the treatment was close to 3 c per liter.