陀螺框架轴承摩擦力矩分析

针对陀螺框架轴承要求启动摩擦力矩小而稳定的苛刻要求,建立轴承摩擦力矩分析模型,在已有的球与内外圈弹性滞后、差动、自旋、润滑影响因素引起的摩擦力矩分析基础上,重点考虑浪形及冠型保持架引起的摩擦力矩。求得的轴承启动、动态摩擦力矩与YZC-II测试仪测试结果吻合较好。分析表明,浪形保持架整体优于冠型保持架,保持架与球作用引起的摩擦力矩比例随轴向载荷减小而增大,该比重在启动过程中较大,在动态过程明显降低;通过对4种型号框架轴承不同转速的摩擦力矩分析,当转速低于2 r/min时,轴承摩擦力矩受转速影响不大,随着速度增大,启动速度对轴承启动摩擦力矩值、动态摩擦力矩波动范围影响突显出来。     

两类转盘轴承的力学性能对比分析

对四点接触球式和交叉滚子式两类转盘轴承的承载能力、刚度和摩擦力矩进行实例对比分析,得出了四点接触球转盘轴承的静承载能力强,摩擦力矩小,而交叉滚子转盘轴承的额定动载荷和刚度大,变形小的结论.     

特大型负游隙四点接触球轴承拟静力学分析

给出了特大型负游隙四点接触球轴承拟静力学分析的方法,并以某型号转盘轴承为例计算空载时不同负游隙下球与内、外圈之间的法向接触载荷,结果表明:轴承四个接触点处的接触载荷随负游隙绝对值的增大而增大,负游隙的微小变化对接触力的影响很大,可以通过使负游隙绝对值略微增大来提高轴承的启动摩擦力矩.     

基于ADAMS的滚滑轴承摩擦力矩研究

针对在高速、重载的情况下轴承摩擦力矩较大,极容易发热和磨损,导致使用寿命大大降低的问题,基于轴承摩擦力矩测量原理建立了滚滑轴承的摩擦力矩数学模型,并以此为基础利用ADAMS软件建立了滚滑轴承的动力学仿真模型。考虑到摩擦力矩数值的波动性,对变化规律进行了分析,并给出了滚滑轴承启动摩擦力矩和动摩擦力矩在仿真试验中的提取方法;研究了不同径向载荷、转速、滚子与滑块之间的间隙和径向游隙对摩擦力矩的影响;借助SKF轴承摩擦力矩计算器,验证了仿真模型的正确性。研究结果表明:4种不同工况结构参数对滚滑轴承启动摩擦力矩和动摩擦力矩都有一定影响,该结果可为滚滑轴承降低摩擦力矩设计提供参考依据。     

球柱联合转盘轴承静承载能力的计算

根据滚动体的受力和变形关系,建立了轴向力、径向力及倾覆力矩作用下球柱联合转盘轴承的力及力矩平衡方程.计算了在联合载荷作用下轴承的载荷分布、各排滚动体的最大接触载荷及轴承中滚动体的最大接触应力,对轴承的静强度进行了校核.通过实例计算结果表明,利用这种方法更有利于转盘轴承的选型及轴承参数的优化.     

低温下润滑剂对微型轴承启动摩擦力矩的影响

对于微型轴承启动摩擦力矩敏感的应用场合,测试润滑剂性能的影响十分重要,介绍了一种微型轴承低温启动摩擦力矩测试装置,其可根据要求改变轴向载荷,测试结果表明:该装置室温下与用YZC-II摩擦力矩测试仪测得的结果吻合;在不同的超低温下测试了几种润滑剂对微型轴承启动摩擦力矩的影响,测得的数据有较好的重复性。     

成对角接触球轴承摩擦力矩测量装置的设计

角接触球轴承在实际使用中通常成对安装,现有轴承摩擦力矩测量装置一般适用单套轴承,成对角接触球轴承摩擦力矩缺少合适的测量设备。针对这一问题,对滚动轴承摩擦力矩的影响因素进行理论研究与分析计算,在此基础上设计了成对角接触球轴承摩擦力矩测量装置。介绍了成对角接触球轴承摩擦力矩测量装置的原理、技术指标、结构、电气系统、软件系统,并以成对7038角接触球轴承为测试对象进行启动摩擦力矩和动态摩擦力矩测试试验,得到启动摩擦力矩和动态摩擦力矩随轴向载荷增大而增大的变化趋势。     

交叉滚子转盘轴承静载荷计算方法

根据滚子接触受力和变形的关系,推出交叉滚子转盘轴承承受力矩的计算表达式.在误差允许范围内,通过积分简化解出力矩计算的解析解.在轴承承受力矩和轴向力联合载荷的情况下,给出静轴向载荷-力矩图.整个过程简化了原交叉滚子转盘轴承的静载荷受力分析.     

联合载荷作用下交叉圆柱滚子转盘轴承的承载能力分析

建立了在径向、轴向和倾覆力矩联合载荷作用下交叉圆柱滚子转盘轴承的力学模型,该模型考虑了转盘轴承的游隙参数。采用Newton-Raphson法对力学模型进行了数值求解。计算了转盘轴承的安全系数和疲劳寿命两个承载能力指标,分析了转盘轴承游隙变化对转盘轴承内部载荷分布、安全系数和疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明:转盘轴承游隙的变化对转盘轴承内部的载荷分布和承载能力有着显著的影响。随着转盘轴承轴向游隙的增大,转盘轴承内部承担外部载荷的滚子数量逐渐减少,受载最大的滚子载荷也随之逐渐增大。在转盘轴承的轴向游隙从0 mm增大到0.24 mm的过程中,转盘轴承的承载能力安全系数下降了16%,疲劳寿命减小了26%。     

转盘轴承的选型计算

转盘轴承大多在偏心载荷下工作，根据其承载情况，一般以载荷力矩图的承载曲线作为转盘轴承的选型计算方法，介绍了此方法的原理及具体计算过程，并以实例说明。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.