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聚合物纳米复合材料韧性和破坏行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在总结高分子材料增韧机理、高分子纳米复合材料冲击破坏行为的基础上,探讨了高分子纳米复合材料的增韧机理。纳米无机粒子起应力集中的作用导致界面脱黏、空化与基体屈服是其增韧高分子材料的主要原因,而碳纳米管则起桥联裂纹、偏转裂纹方向、传递界面应力使聚合物基体屈服而增韧高分子材料。对聚合物/层状填料纳米复合材料而言,分散在聚合物基体中的插层或剥离的无机纳米片层对复合材料银纹的形成有抑制作用,其二维几何结构不利于片层周围基体的屈服与界面脱黏、空化,因而不能增韧高分子材料,反而还导致了聚合物/层状填料纳米复合材料抗冲击强度的降低。高分子材料的纳米复合目前很难达到橡胶增韧的效果,若同时采用纳米复合技术与官能化弹性体增韧技术,可望设计、制备出一系列高强度、高韧性的高分子纳米复合材料。 相似文献
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自从丰田中心率先研究出了尼龙6/有机粘土纳米复合材料之后,聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料引起了很多高分子科学家的关注。纳米复合材料就是一些无机填料以纳米级均匀分散在高聚物基体中形成的复合材料。粘土片层被聚合物插层或剥离可形成聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料。 相似文献
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无机纳米复合高分子材料的制备 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
无机纳米复合高分子材料是由无机纳米材料和有机高分子复合而成,着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gd)法、插层复合法、共混法和原位聚合法等主要制备方法。 相似文献
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以超细无机填料如碳酸钙为核,表面包覆上一层有机高分子材料如某种橡胶形成一种刚性粒子-硬核/橡胶-软壳特定结构的粒子来增强增韧高分子材料既是塑料改性的最新进展又可使复合材料性能大大提高,本文阐述有关技术进展和有关模型有建立以及填料和母料的研制。 相似文献
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Rameshwar Adhikari Netra Lal Bhandari Valerio Causin Hai H. Le Hans‐Joachim Radusch Goerg H. Michler Jean Marc Saiter 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2012,52(11):2296-2303
Aiming at development of completely biodegradable composite materials based on locally available low‐cost bamboo flour (BF) as filler, structure properties correlations in aliphatic–aromatic copolyester/BF composites fabricated by melt mixing have been studied by means of different techniques such as electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, tensile testing, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It has been demonstrated that the BF can be successfully incorporated homogeneously into the biodegradable polymeric matrix up to high content. The filler weakly adheres to the matrix as demonstrated by the pulling up of bamboo fibers on the electron micrographs and further attested by TGA. At high filler concentration, the polymer acts merely as binding material. The semicrystalline framework of the matrix polymer is hindered by the presence of the fibers, the structural changes being more pronounced at the surfaces than in the bulk, which indicates preferential segregation of the fibers toward the specimen surface. This opens new possibilities for a more detailed engineering of materials surfaces. The mechanical properties of the composites are suited for low‐load‐bearing applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
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Active-Filler-Controlled Pyrolysis of Preceramic Polymers 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
Peter Greil 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(4):835-848
Manufacturing of bulk ceramic components from materials in the system Si-Me-C-N-O (Me = Ti, Cr, V, Mo, Si, B, CrSi2 , MoSi2 , etc.) from preceramic organosilicon polymers - such as poly(carbosilanes), poly(silazanes), or poly(siloxanes) - has become possible by incorporating reactive filler particles into the liquid or solid polymer pre-cursor. During pyrolytic decomposition of the polymer matrix, the filler particles react with carbon from the polymer precursor or nitrogen from the reaction gas atmosphere to form new (oxy)carbide or (oxy)nitride phases embedded in a nanocrystalline Si-O-C(-N) matrix. The selective expansion encountered in the filler phase reaction can be used to compensate for the polymer shrinkage upon pyrolytic conversion. The formation of a transient pore net-work between 400° and 1000°C is governed by the polymer decomposition as well as the filler particle reaction kinetics. Thus, the properties of the oxycarbonitride composite materials can be tailored by controlling the microstructures of the polymer-derived matrix phase, the filler network, and the residual porosity. Near-net-shape forming of bulk ceramic components, even with complex geometry, is possible, making novel applications of polymer-derived bulk materials in biomedical, electrical, and mechanical fields highly interesting. 相似文献
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C.-M. Chan 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1996,36(4):495-500
A novel method was developed for the preparation of high-resistivity conductive polymer composites reproducibly. The conventional method which involves the simple mixing of a conductive filler and a polymer usually produces a conductive polymer composite having a loading curve with a region in which the resistivity changes rapidly as the filler concentration changes. Hence, it is very difficult to obtain reproducible materials in that region. This newly developed method involves the preparation of a conventional conductive polymer composite, which is prepared by the simple mixing of carbon black and a polymer as the first step. The resulting compound, which is crosslinked by either electron-beam radiation or a chemical-crosslinking agent, is ground into a fine powder (composite filler) with the particle size less than 250 microns. The composite filler is mixed with another polymer to form a conductive particulate composite which has a loading curve showing a more gradual change of resistivity as a function of filler concentration. The modification of the loading curve is controlled by the resistivity, the shape, and the size of the composite filler. 相似文献
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Ayesha Kausar 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2021,60(2):117-131
ABSTRACT The state-of-the-art article presents concepts of nanobelt nanofiller, inimitable properties of derived polymeric nanocomposite, applications, and outlook on challenges to gain next generation high-performance materials. Nanobelt is a one-dimensional nanostructured nanomaterial. Owing to minuscule size and high surface area, nanobelt possesses unique structural, optical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. Nanobelt exists in various forms such as carbon nanobelt, polymer nanobelt, and inorganic. These nanobelts have been used to develop polymer/nanobelt nanocomposites. Homogeneous dispersion of nanobelt in polymer matrices is desirable to enhance the characteristics of polymer/nanobelt nanocomposite. Consequently, innovations in design, fabrication, and properties of various polymer/nanobelt nanocomposite are summarized. Applications of polymer/nanobelt nanocomposite are reviewed for Li-ion battery, supercapacitor, sensor, membrane, and biomedical arenas. 相似文献
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Inorganic filler materials are often incorporated into polymer membranes to improve their mechanical, thermal and chemical stabilities. In case of proton‐conducting polymers, however, it is necessary to support or at least not to disturb the proton‐conducting matrix. By suitable combination of polymer and filler, effective and highly conductive composite membranes can be prepared. This article gives an overview of the possible applications of a special kind of such proton‐conducting composite membranes containing functionalized SiO2 particles with ordered mesoporosity in fuel cell, in desalination and in photocatalysis. 相似文献
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Polymer-carbon nanocomposites incorporate the exceptional properties of both the polymer matrices, such as low cost and simple processing, with the distinctive features of the carbon-based fillers, such as high electrical and thermal conductivities, and excellent mechanical properties. Various fillers like carbon black (CB), graphite, expanded graphite (EG), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being used to produce materials with advanced properties. However, at high filler loading, these filler materials have some major challenges such as filler agglomeration. Recently, graphene has gained increased interest as an alternative filler to produce polymer nanocomposites with advanced characteristics. Thermosetting polymer composites with graphene fillers are being considered for multiple applications and are a subject of interest for researchers because of enhanced properties like excellent corrosion resistance and low density. This review outlines studies to improve the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of thermoset/graphene composites. 相似文献
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The linear dynamic rheology of polymer melts filled with nano-sized fillers is investigated in relation to a proposed two phase model. A common principle is disclosed for nanofilled polymers exhibiting either fluid- or solid-like behaviors with increasing filler volume fraction. The bulky polymer phase far away from the filler inclusions in the nanocomposites behaves the same as in the unfilled case while its contribution to the composite modulus is enlarged due to strain amplification effect. The filler forms aggregates together with polymer chains absorbed on the filler surface, which is termed as the “filler phase” in the proposed model. The dynamics of the “filler phase” slow down with increasing filler concentration. The applicability of the proposed two phase model is discussed in relation to the well-known structural inhomogeneity of nanofilled polymers as well as the strain amplification and the filler clustering effects. 相似文献
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利用扫描电镜对聚乙烯(PE)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)等高分子材料填料的分散性及表面与断裂界面进行了研究。结果表明,扫描电镜能够详细观察研究高分子材料的表面结构、微观相分离等,便于表征高分子材料微观结构形态,是分析高分子材料微观结构形态的有效手段。 相似文献