基于区间B样条小波有限元的移动荷载识别

小波有限元以区间B样条小波尺度函数为插值函数构造小波有限元单元,并通过单元转换矩阵建立小波空间与物理空间各参数之间的关系.采用动态规划法与Tikhonov正则化法识别移动荷载,避免了直接处理反问题时的振荡与数值计算病态解等问题.算例采用所测得的部分离散点的动态响应数据为已知信息,验证了小波有限元的优越性及小波的多尺度特...     

基于小波有限元法的连续梁移动荷载识别

将待识别车载简化为移动荷载投影到小波空间;车载所作用的连续梁模型以小波尺度函数为插值函数,以小波有限元法为建模方法,并通过单元转换矩阵实现了小波空间向物理空间的变换;采用部分加速度信号作为测得动响应数据,据此积分求出速度与位移响应并用于识别移动荷载。识别方法则借助了动态规划法与正则化法,避免了时程分析中的振荡现象。仿真算例验证了小波有限元用于连续梁模型移动荷载识别的可行性,且单元数较少;识别过程中所用一阶Tikhonov正则化法具有平滑去噪能力。     

压电层合板的B样条小波有限元半解析法

利用小波有限元法的优越性可方便地求解压电材料与复合材料混合层合板的某些静力学问题。根据层合结构的特点,将区间B样条尺度函数作为插值函数离散结构的平面域,应用压电材料修正后的H-R(Hellinger-Reissner)变分原理推导了压电材料的Hamilton正则方程的区间B样条小波(BSWI)元列式。该BSWI元的主要特点之一是厚度方向是解析解形式的。针对具体问题的求解,为了保证各层之间力学量和电学量的连续性,进一步应用了状态转移矩阵技术。数值算例表明所提出的区间B样条小波单元是成功的。采用推导压电材料BSWI元的方法可建立磁电弹性材料类似的BSWI元。     

基于多变量小波有限元的一维结构分析

基于区间B样条小波(B-Spline Wavelet on the Interval, BSWI)和多变量广义势能函数,该文构造了二类变量小波有限单元,并用于一维结构的弯曲与振动分析。基于广义变分原理,从多变量广义势能函数出发,推导得到多变量有限元列式,并以区间B样条小波尺度函数作为插值函数对两类广义场变量进行离散。此单元的优势在于可以提高广义力的求解精度,因为在传统有限元中,只有一类广义位移场函数,所以广义力通常是通过对位移的求导得到,而多变量单元中,广义位移和广义力都是作为独立变量处理的,避免了求导运算。此外,区间B样条小波是现有小波中数值逼近性能非常好的小波函数,以它作为插值函数可进一步保证求解精度。转换矩阵的应用,可以将无任何明确物理意义的小波系数转换到相应的物理空间,方便了问题的处理。最后,通过数值算例对Euler梁和平面刚架的分析,验证了此单元的正确性和有效性。     

在有限区间带边界条件的小波插值与分解

小波是近年国际研究的热点，被认为是在工具及方法上取得重大突破的分析学中一个完美的结晶，在众多领域中有广泛的用途。最初小波是在无穷区间中研究的，实际问题往往出现在有限区间，有时还带边界条件，用原来方法小波分解并不理想，ｆ０（ｔ）≠ｆ－１（ｔ）＋ｇ－１（ｔ），ｆ－１（ｔ）与ｇ－１（ｔ）又不正交，∫ａ＾ｂｆ－１（ｔ）ｇ－１（ｔ）ｄｔ≠０。重建时出现失真。本文试图解决这个问题，联系到Ｂ样条与小波的关系，比     

薄板弯曲和振动分析的区间B样条小波有限法

基于二维张量积区间B样条小波及小波有限元理论,研究了用于薄板静动力学分析的区间B样条小波有限元法。在小波有限元用于薄板分析的列式过程中,采用区间B样条小波尺度函数对横向位移场逼近,从矩形和斜形薄板静动力学势能泛函出发,由变分原理得到小波有限元求解方程。该方法具有B样条函数数值逼近精度高和多种用于结构分析的小波基函数的特点。数值算例表明:区间B样条小波有限元法能以很少的计算自由度获得与其它方法同样的计算精度。     

基于区间B样条小波基函数时变多变量AR模型的时变结构参数识别

本文研究的是时变动力学结构的参数识别问题。仅利用线性时变结构的多个加速度响应测量数据,本文将区间B样条小波函数作为时变基函数,构造了基于区间B样条小波基函数的时变多变量自回归模型,并推导了时变结构瞬时频率的识别方法。文中利用该法对一个三自由度线性时变结构进行了仿真研究,针对结构瞬时频率周期变化,突变和线性变化三种不同的情况分别进行了瞬时频率识别,并在加速度响应数据中加入了不同信噪比的高斯白噪声以检验识别方法的抗噪能力。最后,文中对一个具有质量时变特性的悬臂梁结构进行了实验研究,实验结果充分说明了区间B样条小波基函数时变多变量自回归模型对时变结构参数识别的可行性,有效性和良好的抗噪能力。     

基于小波的B样条曲线局部光顺算法

针对传统的小波光顺方法只能进行整体光顺,而不能进行局部光顺的问题,根据小波的时频局部特性,提出了一种基于小波的B样条曲线局部光顺算法。该方法在“滤波”时,只去除原曲线中对“坏点”有影响的高频成分,而不修改那些对关键特征点有影响的小波系数,使得光顺后的曲线,不仅具有较好的光顺性,而且整体形状变化较小。同时讨论了“坏点”的选取、误差的控制、边界约束的处理等相关问题。     

基于小波有限元的悬臂梁裂纹识别

研究了悬臂梁裂纹识别中的正反问题．即通过裂纹位置和尺寸求解梁的固有频率以及利用梁的固有频率．识别裂纹位置和尺寸。以矩形截面裂纹悬臂梁为例，利用小波有限元方法建立了梁自由振动的有限元模型．其中裂纹被看作为一刚度已知的扭转线弹簧，求解出了系统的固有频率；通过行列式变换，将反问题求解简化为只含线弹簧刚度一个未知数的一元二次方程求根问题，分别做出了以不同固有频率作为输入值时裂纹位置与弹簧刚度之间的解曲线，曲线交点预测出裂纹的位置与尺寸。数值算例证实了算法的有效性，为工程结构裂纹故障预示与诊断提供了新的方法。     

移动荷载作用下梁裂缝识别的小波方法研究

利用小波分析对简支梁的裂缝进行识别。通过对带裂缝简支梁在移动荷载作用下的跨中响应用Mexicanhat小波进行连续小波变换，从小波系数的模极大值点有效地得到荷载经过裂缝的时间，从而识别裂缝位置，从模极大值处的Lipschitz指数判断裂缝深度，Lipschitz指数随裂缝深度的增加而减小。同时讨论了荷载移动速度和裂缝位置对Lipschitz指数的影响。通过分析和仿真计算获得满意结果，在梁结构损伤诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

A new wavelet-based thin plate element using B-spline wavelet on the interval

By interacting and synchronizing wavelet theory in mathematics and variational principle in finite element method, a class of wavelet-based plate element is constructed. In the construction of wavelet-based plate element, the element displacement field represented by the coefficients of wavelet expansions in wavelet space is transformed into the physical degree of freedoms in finite element space via the corresponding two-dimensional C₁ type transformation matrix. Then, based on the associated generalized function of potential energy of thin plate bending and vibration problems, the scaling functions of B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) at different scale are employed directly to form the multi-scale finite element approximation basis so as to construct BSWI plate element via variational principle. BSWI plate element combines the accuracy of B-spline functions approximation and various wavelet-based elements for structural analysis. Some static and dynamic numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the performances of the present element.     

The construction of 1D wavelet finite elements for structural analysis

Adopting the scaling functions of B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) as trial functions, a new finite element method (FEM) of BSWI is presented. Instead of traditional polynomial interpolation, scaling functions at the certain scale have been adopted to form the shape functions and construct wavelet-based elements. Unlike the process of wavelets added directly in the other wavelet numerical methods, the element displacement field represented by the coefficients of wavelets expansions is transformed from wavelet space to physical space via the corresponding transformation matrix. The transformation matrix is the key to construct wavelet-based elements freely as long as we can ensure its non-singularity. Then, classes of C₀ and C₁ type elements are constructed. And the lifting scheme of BSWI elements is also discussed. The numerical examples indicate that the BSWI elements have higher efficiency and precision than traditional finite element method in solving 1D structural problems especially for geometric nonlinear, variable cross-section and loading cases.     

Fracture mechanics analysis using the wavelet Galerkin method and extended finite element method

This paper presents fracture mechanics analysis using the wavelet Galerkin method and extended finite element method. The wavelet Galerkin method is a new methodology to solve partial differential equations where scaling/wavelet functions are used as basis functions. In solid/structural analyses, the analysis domain is divided into equally spaced structured cells and scaling functions are periodically placed throughout the domain. To improve accuracy, wavelet functions are superposed on the scaling functions within a region having a high stress concentration, such as near a hole or notch. Thus, the method can be considered a refinement technique in fixed‐grid approaches. However, because the basis functions are assumed to be continuous in applications of the wavelet Galerkin method, there are difficulties in treating displacement discontinuities across the crack surface. In the present research, we introduce enrichment functions in the wavelet Galerkin formulation to take into account the discontinuous displacements and high stress concentration around the crack tip by applying the concept of the extended finite element method. This paper presents the mathematical formulation and numerical implementation of the proposed technique. As numerical examples, stress intensity factor evaluations and crack propagation analyses for two‐dimensional cracks are presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小波有限元的悬臂梁裂纹遗传优化辨识

利用小波有限元法求解了裂纹悬臂梁的前三阶固有频率,并将其拟合成以裂纹位置和深度作为变量的频响函数曲面。将裂纹识别中的匹配追踪问题转化为多维优化问题,以实测固有频率作为输入,利用遗传算法寻优求解出与输入值相差最小的样本点,进而预测出裂纹的位置和深度。试验研究表明,所提出的裂纹识别方法具有较好的精度和鲁棒性,且易于推广到诸如转子、叶片等复杂结构的裂纹监测诊断场合。     

A spline wavelet finite‐element method in structural mechanics

The wavelet‐based methods are powerful to analyse the field problems with changes in gradients and singularities due to the excellent multi‐resolution properties of wavelet functions. Wavelet‐based finite elements are often constructed in the wavelet space where field displacements are expressed as a product of wavelet functions and wavelet coefficients. When a complex structural problem is analysed, the interface between different elements and boundary conditions cannot be easily treated as in the case of conventional finite‐element methods (FEMs). A new wavelet‐based FEM in structural mechanics is proposed in the paper by using the spline wavelets, in which the formulation is developed in a similar way of conventional displacement‐based FEM. The spline wavelet functions are used as the element displacement interpolation functions and the shape functions are expressed by wavelets. The detailed formulations of typical spline wavelet elements such as plane beam element, in‐plane triangular element, in‐plane rectangular element, tetrahedral solid element, and hexahedral solid element are derived. The numerical examples have illustrated that the proposed spline wavelet finite‐element formulation achieves a high numerical accuracy and fast convergence rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Moving particle finite element method with global smoothness

We describe a new version of the moving particle finite element method (MPFEM) that provides solutions within a C⁰ finite element framework. The finite elements determine the weighting for the moving partition of unity. A concept of ‘General Shape Function’ is proposed which extends regular finite element shape functions to a larger domain. These are combined with Shepard functions to obtain a smooth approximation. The Moving Particle Finite Element Method combines desirable features of finite element and meshfree methods. The proposed approach, in fact, can be interpreted as a ‘moving partition of unity finite element method’ or ‘moving kernel finite element method’. This method possesses the robustness and efficiency of the C⁰ finite element method while providing at least C¹ continuity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弯张换能器的有限元设计

IV型弯张换能器是水声领域中一类低频、大功率换能器，其理论分析通常采用有限元法。利用ANSYS软件建立了800Hz的IV型弯张换能器的有限元模型，进行结构分析与设计。根据分析的结果制作出样机，测试的结果与理论分析基本符合。     

A new fast finite element method for dislocations based on interior discontinuities

A new technique for the modelling of multiple dislocations based on introducing interior discontinuities is presented. In contrast to existing methods, the superposition of infinite domain solutions is avoided; interior discontinuities are specified on the dislocation slip surfaces and the resulting boundary value problem is solved by a finite element method. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified and its efficiency for multi‐dislocation problems is illustrated. Bounded core energies are incorporated into the method through regularization of the discontinuities at their edges. Though the method is applied to edge dislocations here, its extension to other types of dislocations is straightforward. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.