高耐腐蚀Fe-(Cr,Ni)-Mo-P-C-B块体非晶合金

Fe-Mo-P-C-B铁基块体非晶合金具有高强度、高塑性和良好的软磁性,作为结构和功能材料具有较好的应用前景。本研究通过Cr、Ni合金化制备了耐腐蚀Fe-(Cr,Ni)-Mo-P-C-B块体非晶合金,其非晶形成临界直径达5mm。Cr、Ni合金化显著提高了Fe-Mo-P-C-B块体非晶合金在HCl、H2SO4、NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,使钝化电流密度降低、腐蚀速度降低、电化学反应电阻增大。     

Zr-Cr合金的显微组织及腐蚀行为

以高纯锆为母材,在归一化条件下制备Zr-Cr二元合金,在400℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中进行腐蚀试验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对合金及腐蚀生成氧化膜的显微组织进行研究。结果表明,Zr-Cr合金中只存在细小、呈条带状的密排六方结构Zr Cr2第二相,其数量和条带密度会随着合金中Cr含量的提高而增加,但颗粒尺寸没有明显变化。在高纯锆中添加Cr元素能够改善其在400℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能。增加Cr含量能够降低Zr-Cr合金腐蚀后氧化膜的缺陷数量,提高氧化膜致密性,从而改善耐腐蚀性能。     

Fe_(52-x)Co_(14)Nb_4Mo_3Ni_5B_(22)Cr_x多组元块体非晶合金的热学和软磁性能

采用铜模铸造法制备Fe_(52-x)Co_(14)Nb_4Mo_3Ni_5B_(22)Cr_x(x=0, 2, 3, 4; at.%)多组元块体非晶合金。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段探究了Cr含量对合金非晶形成能力及软磁性能的影响。DSC曲线表明,合金经历2次晶化过程,Cr含量增加使得合金成分接近深共晶点。随着Cr含量的增加,合金的过冷液相区ΔTx由36 K增加到51 K,晶化起始温度Tx1由842 K增加至872 K。VSM结果表明,Fe_(52-x)Co_(14)Nb_4Mo_3Ni_5B_(22)Cr_x非晶合金其饱和磁感应强度Ms随着Cr含量的增加而减小。制备得到的多组元块体非晶合金具有高非晶形成能力和优异软磁性能,适合于作为一款优异的磁性元器件材料使用。     

Ge含量对Zr-4合金在LiOH水溶液中耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用堆外高压釜腐蚀试验研究添加0.1%Ge和0.5%Ge(质量分数)对Zr-4合金在360℃、0.01 mol/L LiOH水溶液中耐腐蚀性能的影响,用TEM和EDS研究合金的显微组织和第二相成分。结果表明:与Zr-4合金相比,添加Ge后合金的耐腐蚀性能显著提高,但随着Ge添加量的增加,对耐腐蚀性能的提高作用减弱。当Ge含量为0.1%时,析出密排六方结构的Zr(Fe,Cr)2和Zr(Fe,Cr,Ge)2型第二相;当Ge含量达到0.5%时,还会析出Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr-Ge和尺寸较大的四方结构Zr3Ge型第二相,添加Ge会使α-Zr基体中固溶的Sn含量降低。固溶在α-Zr中的Ge和尺寸较小的Zr(Fe,Cr)2、Zr(Fe,Cr,Ge)2型第二相可以提高Zr-4+xGe合金的耐腐蚀性能;析出Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr-Ge和尺寸较大的Zr3Ge第二相后会对耐腐蚀性能产生不利的影响。     

微量Cr对Cu基块体非晶合金的形成能力及耐蚀性能的影响

XRD,DSC和DTA分析测试表明,微量Cr有利于提高块体非晶合金(Cu47Zr11Ti34Ni8)100-xCrx(x=0,0．5,1)非晶形成能力．室温动电位极化法对该合金在1mol／LHCI溶液、3％Nacl溶液和6mol／L KOH溶液中的电化学测试表明,非晶合金存在自钝化现象,随Cr含量增加,非晶合金的钝化区宽度显著增大,维钝电流密度降低,耐蚀性能增强,含微量Cr的Cu基块体非晶合金比不含Cr的具有更好的抗腐蚀性能,且远远优于不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的抗腐蚀性能．     

铁基非晶合金涂层在氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

利用新型超音速火焰喷涂(AC-HVAF)技术,在304不锈钢基体上制备了Fe49.7Cr18Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8Si2.4Fe非晶合金涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电镜、显微维氏硬度仪、动态极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱研究了非晶合金涂层的结构、硬度、耐腐蚀性能以及电极反应动力学过程。通过与304不锈钢的对比,研究了Fe基非晶合金在中性介质下的腐蚀行为。结果表明,该Fe基非晶合金涂层具有较高的非晶含量,较均匀的组织,较高的硬度和在氯化钠溶液中较高的耐腐蚀性能。     

Cr元素对Fe基块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力及耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用微合金化技术,制备Fe_(68.4-x)Co_(7.6)Si_7B_(10)P_5C_2Cr_x(x=0,1,2,3)非晶合金,并分别使用单辊急冷甩带法和铜模铸造法制备带状和棒状样品。借助XRD、DSC、DTA表征该非晶合金的热力学性能与非晶形成能力;并进一步采用电化学动电位极化曲线法研究该非晶合金系在硫酸溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,通过微量添加Cr元素,使该合金系的非晶形成能力普遍提高,当Cr元素添加量为2 at%时,获得了该系列非晶合金中的最大过冷液相区间(ΔT_x=59 K),并且成功制备了直径为5 mm的圆棒状非晶样品;同时,由于Cr元素的添加,在1 N的硫酸溶液中,材料表面形成富含Cr元素的保护层,可以有效防止材料内部的进一步腐蚀,耐腐蚀性能得到明显改善。     

加热时间对高频感应熔覆镍基合金涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了不同加热时间对高频感应熔覆Ni45B镍基合金涂层组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,用高频感应熔覆的方法得到的合金涂层无裂纹存在,且加热时间较长的合金涂层组织更加均匀;在高温条件下,随着加热时间的延长,涂层和基体之间元素的扩散加剧,使得涂层中Fe元素含量增加,而Ni、Cr元素的含量相对减少;由于合金粉末中含有的Ni、Cr等元素,使得涂层的耐腐蚀性能远高于基体材料Q235A钢,而随着加热时间的延长,扩散引起涂层中Ni、Cr元素减少使得涂层的耐腐蚀性能降低。     

公路桥梁桩管钢在液-固环境中的腐蚀行为研究

研究了合金化元素和热处理对桩管钢显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,除调质态0.18Mo+0.9Cr和0.18Mo+1.8Cr桩管钢组织为回火索氏体外,其余热轧态桩管钢的组织都为铁素体和珠光体;调质态0.18Mo+0.9Cr(QT)和0.18Mo+1.8Cr(QT)试样具有较高强塑性同时,冲击功分别达到156 J和152 J;Cu+Cr和Mo+Cr元素的添加有助于提高桩管钢的耐蚀性能,且经过调质热处理后,0.18Mo+0.9Cr(QT)和0.18Mo+1.8Cr(QT)管桩钢的耐蚀性能会进一步改善,而W+Cr元素的添加会降低桩管钢的腐蚀性能;0.18Mo+0.9Cr(QT)桩管钢的极化电阻明显高于20桩管钢,说明0.18Mo+0.9Cr(QT)桩管钢的耐腐蚀性能要高于20桩管钢,在腐蚀过程中不容易发生腐蚀,这与失重腐蚀测试结果相吻合。0.18Mo+0.9Cr(QT)桩管钢在具有较高强塑性与冲击韧性的同时,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Zr-0.7Sn-1.07Nb-0.32Fe-0.08Cr-xBi合金在400℃过热蒸汽中耐腐蚀性能的研究

在Zr-0.7Sn-1.07Nb-0.32Fe-0.08Cr(T5)合金中添加不同含量Bi制备成T5+x Bi(x=0.1,0.3,0.5,质量分数,%)合金,用静态高压釜腐蚀试验研究了T5+x Bi合金在400℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能。用TEM和SEM分别观察了合金的显微组织和氧化膜断口形貌。结果表明:当添加的Bi含量?0.3%时,合金中只检测到了密排六方结构的Zr(Nb,Fe,Cr)2第二相;当Bi含量达到0.5%时,合金中除了析出大量的Zr(Nb,Fe,Cr)2第二相外,还发现少量正交结构的Zr Bi2型Zr(Bi,Fe,Sn)2和结构未确定的Zr-Nb-Bi-Fe-Cr-Sn第二相。这说明Bi在T5+x Bi合金中固溶在α-Zr基体中的最大含量(CBi)为:0.3%?CBi?0.5%(质量分数);Bi的添加促进了T5合金中原来固溶在α-Zr基体中的Sn以第二相形式析出。当添加的Bi含量?0.3%时,耐腐蚀性能得到一定程度的改善,而添加0.5%Bi后耐腐蚀性能反而降低。结合显微组织分析结果可以说明:固溶在α-Zr基体中的Bi可改善合金的耐腐蚀性能,而合金中析出含Bi和Sn的第二相后又会降低合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

Nb对Fe-Co基合金非晶形成能力及磁性能的影响

利用铜模吸铸法制备(Fe0.5Co0.5)71-xNbxZr3Nd4B22(x=0~10)系块体合金,研究合金元素Nb的添加对该体系合金非晶形成能力(GFA)和磁性能的影响。结果表明,适当Nb的添加能有效提高合金的非晶形成能力。当Nb含量为5at%时,可获得具有完全非晶结构的块体非晶合金,该合金呈现典型的软磁性能,饱和磁化强度(Ms)为79 Am2/kg;合金的晶化温度(Tx)为957 K,晶化激活能E为538.30 kJ/mol。     

Mg70Ni15Gd10Ag5块体非晶的制备及晶化行为

采用铜模铸造法制备新型块体非晶合金Mg70Ni15Gd10Ag5(at%),其临界制备尺寸不低于5 mm,是目前Mg-Ni基非晶合金制备尺寸的最大值。采用差示扫描量热（DSC）法研究非晶合金的晶化行为,发现合金的晶化为多级晶化。随着升温速度的提高,玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化开始温度Tx、熔化前4个放热峰温度（Tp1、Tp2、Tp3、Tp4）、熔化开始温度（Tm）和液相线温度（Tl）均向高温区移动,晶化行为具有显著的动力学特征。利用Kissinger法计算特征温度对应的激活能,其值分别为Eg=188.05 kJ/mol、Ex=144.79 kJ/mol、Ep1=138 kJ/mol、Ep2=142.40 kJ/mol、Ep3=119.10 kJ/mol、Ep4=72.86 kJ/mol。     

Co基纳米晶软磁合金研究进展

本文对钴基非晶合金的晶化及其磁性研究的进展进行了综述,内容包括：（1）零磁致伸缩Co基非晶合金的晶化行为;（2）Vitrovac 6025型合金的纳米晶化和磁性;（3）bcc结构的Co-Fe-Nb-Si-B纳米晶合金的研究。对有关晶化产物及磁性的问题进行了讨论。     

Crystallization of amorphous Zr70Cu30—xNix alloys

X－ray diffraction (XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) were employed to investigate the influence of Ni content on the crystallization of amorphous Zr70Cu30-xNix(atom fration in%) alloys,Experimental results show that with the Ni content increasing the activation energies for crystallization of amorphous Zr70Cu30-xNix alloys increase correspondingly,indicating that the thermal stability is greatly improved.All the DSC traces of amorphous Zr70Cu30-xNix alloys exhibit two exothermic peaks,suggesting that the crystallization process via a double-stage ticles,while the second one corresponds to the precipitaion of nano-scale Zr2Ni phase and crystallization of residual amporphous phase,The mechanism on the crystallization of amorphous Zr70Cu30-xNix alloys was discussed.     

Stability of amorphous Al90TMxCe10—x（TM=Fe or Ni） alloys

X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) were used to investigate the crystallization process of amorphous Al90TMxCe10-x (atom fraction in%;TM=Fe or Ni;x=3,5)alloys,Aging effects were examined by X-ray diffraction,The structure corresponding to the prepeak for the amorphous Al90Fe5Ce5 alloy is more stble than the amorphous matrix,but it is not stable for amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloy during the first crystallization stage and even decomposes at room temperature,Although both Al-Ni and Al-Fe have strong chemical bonding,the cyrstallization onset temperature of amorphous Al-Fe-Ce alloys is much higher than that of amorphous Al-Ni-Ce alloys,which is likely caused by the different stability of the structure corresponding to the prepeak.The crystallization onset temperature increases as Ce/Ni ratio increases in amporphous Al90NixCe10-x alloys,whereas it decreases as Ce/Fe ratio increases in amorphous Al90FexCe10-x alloys.A better atomic packing produces as Ce content increases because of the size mismatch in Al-Ni-Ce systems and as Fe content increases because of the increasing Fe central structural units.     

FeZr基非晶态合金的热稳定性

系统研究了Ｆｅ１００－ｘＺｒｘ和Ｆｅ９０－ｘＭｘＺｒ１０非晶态合金的晶化温度Ｔｃｒ与成分ｘ的关系。主要结果有：用Ｚｒ替代Ｆｅ使晶化温度明显提高；在Ｆｅ－Ｍ－Ｚｒ非晶态合金系中，随ｘ增加，当Ｍ取Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ时Ｔｃｒ增高，当Ｍ取Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ时Ｔｃｒ下降，化温度与熔点Ｔｍ的比值约２／３。随着每个原子平均外层电子浓度ｅ／ａ的减少Ｔｃｒ值线性地增高，上述结果用相关的因素进行了讨论。     

Formation and thermal stability of amorphous Ni-Mo-P alloys

The experimental researches on the chemical deposition of Ni-Mo-P amorphous alloys were carried out by adding Na2 MoO4 into acidic solutions. The optimum technology conditions were obtained by orthogonal design experiments. The structures and the relationship between compositions and their thermal stability were studied by energy spectrum (EC), scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction spectrum. Compared with Ni-P amorphous alloys, the Ni-Mo-P amorphous alloys have high crystallization temperature and thermal stability, and the hardness reaches its peak when the annealing temperature is 500 ℃. With the increase of the heat treatment temperature, the surface morphology of the alloys changes.     

Formation of amorphous Fe-Cr-Mo-8P-2C coatings by the high velocity oxy-fuel process

Alloy powders of Fe-10%Cr-8%P-2%C(10Cr), Fe-20%Cr-8%P-2%C(20Cr), and Fe-10%Cr-10%Mo-8%P-2%C(10Mo) compositions (in mass%) were sprayed by the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process under different conditions. The as-sprayed coatings of 10Mo alloy were composed of only an amorphous phase under all the spray conditions, while the as-sprayed coatings of the 10Cr and 20Cr alloys consisted of an amorphous phase with a small amount of crystalline material. The volume fraction of the crystalline material increased slightly with the rise of the flame temperature. The hardnesses of the as-sprayed coatings of the 10Cr and 20Cr alloys were 600 to 700 DPN, respectively, while the 10Mo coating composed of an amorphous phase revealed 560 DPN. The corrosion resistance of the as-sprayed coating of the 10Mo alloy was the best among three amorphous coatings and also superior to the nickel-base self-fluxing alloy and SUS316L stainless steel coatings in 1N H₂SO₄ and 1N HCl solutions.     

Crystallization mechanism of Fe78Si13B9 amorphous alloy induced by ion bombardment

The crystallization behavior of Fe₇₈Si₁₃B₉ amorphous alloys induced by Ar ion bombardment was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The crystallization process of amorphous alloys can be controlled by adjustment of ion incident angles (θ), beam density and substrate temperature. The compressive stress caused by ion bombardment will result in the decrease of critical nucleation energy and induce the crystallization of amorphous alloy even at very low temperature, and the thermal effect converted from energetic ions will improve the crystallization of amorphous alloys. The crystallization process of amorphous alloy induced by ion bombardment was a stress induced phase transformation process assisted by thermal effect.     

气雾化和喷射成形制备大尺寸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金

利用气雾化和喷射成形技术制备了大尺寸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)实验证实,直径为340 mm,最大厚度为13 mm的沉积坯具有完全非晶态结构.分析了气雾化和喷射成形La62AIl5.7(Cu,Ni)22.3合金过程中非晶相形成的机制,选定了喷射成形La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金沉积坯致密化的合适的工艺参数.研究结果显示,喷射成形可望成为大尺寸块体(尤其是盘状)非晶合金新的制备技术.