甲烷浓度对MPCVD金刚石膜色度的影响

运用自行设计的直接耦合石英管微波等离子体化学气相沉积（microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition,MPCVD）装置,以氢气和甲烷为反应气体,沉积出八个金刚石膜样品。研究了甲烷浓度对所沉积金刚石膜色度的影响。结果显示随着甲烷浓度的升高,饱和纯度和色纯度逐渐升高,甲烷浓度达到5．863％时,饱和纯度和色度纯度达到最大,分别为8．59／6和9．5％,之后随着CH4浓度的升高饱和纯度和色纯度开始下降。     

光电积分式色度仪器的定标研究

目前,新颖的光电积分式色度仪器的光电探测器具有若干种不同的光谱匹配方式,而且仪器都应用了电流电抵变换器电路及数字显示技术,并结合有软件功能。校正这种仪器可运用色度学知识,通过仪器硬件和软件的结合,能快速、精确地对任何色源进行一次性可靠定标。实际应用证明本方法是方便而有效的。本文拟介绍这种定标原理及其实施方法,并针对由浙江大学光仪系研制成功的CL-Ⅱ型彩色亮度计和WB-1型彩色电视白平衡自动调试仪的定标实例加以粗浅的探讨。     

测色分光光度计的设计特点

现代色度学的发展为用仪器客观地、定量地评价颜色奠定了基础,从而使测色分光光度计在颜色检测、质量控制中得到广泛应用。本文介绍了测色分光光度计的基本要求和特点;简要说明了测色分光光度计软件系统的基本组成和要求;分析了波长范围对色度计算精度的影响;并对色度计量中标准白板的要求做了介绍。     

LED产品光度和色度检测技术研究

LED产品的光度和色度是重要的性能指标和质量合格指标。分析了LED照明光源面临的国际贸易技术壁垒和技术特点,指出了LED产品的光度学指标和色度学指标的内容,提出了推动LED产品光度和色度检测的关键技术,积分球法和照度积分法得到了比较。为发展低碳经济背景下的LED产品光度和色度检测提供了有益的方法参考。     

一种用于水中有机物检测的化学一光学传感技术

带侧键的硅氧烷高分子薄膜，在吸收有机分子时它的厚度会发生膨胀，其膨胀幅度与接触的有机物浓度成正比；采用白光干涉测厚的方法可测量出薄膜厚度的微小变化，从而构成一种灵敏的化学一光学传感器。本文介绍了这一新技术及对甲苯，二氯乙烷，三氯乙烷的测量结果。     

基于阈值判定法的白光干涉仪自动扫描技术研究

为了解决实际操作中人工寻找干涉条纹费时、不准确和干涉扫描范围难以精确确定等问题,提出了一种自动扫描技术,实现了白光干涉仪的自动对焦和干涉扫描范围的自动确定。该技术采用全新的基于图像灰度方差变化的方法。首先,计算图像灰度方差变化比值;然后,将该比值与预先设定的阈值进行比较,判断干涉条纹初始和结束位置;最后,根据这两个位置自动确定干涉扫描范围。实验证明:当阈值取0.5时,采用粗精双级结构的白光干涉仪能在3min内准确完成1.2μm被测高度的自动扫描过程,约是手动调节速度的两倍。该技术提高了白光干涉仪的自动化水平及使用效率。     

迈克耳逊干涉仪的快速调整和应用

本文介绍了快速调节白光干涉条纹的方法．并利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测出了玻璃片的折射率．提高了测量精度。     

光纤Fabry-Perot干涉式温度的测量

介绍了一种新型的光纤温度传感器,它基于Fabry-Perot白光干涉原理,可对温度进行绝对测量.它除了具有普通光纤温度传感器的优点以外,还具有稳定性高、抗干扰能力强的特点,并可实现商品化、实用化.     

高精度智能三维轮廓测量仪

介绍了基于国产6JA干涉显微镜的智能三维轮廓测量仪。仪器的垂直测量范围达80μm,垂直分辨率达1nm;仪器可用于多种材料、多种形状的轮廓测量,只需几秒钟即可完成一个取样表面的二维和三维自动测量与评定。给出了对标准样板的测量结果,实验表明仪器总测量误差小于5％。     

表面轮廓的白光干涉测量法

本文介绍一种采用白光干涉仪进行三维表面形状测量的光学系统。近年来出现了许多不同的方法来分析白光干涉测量法测得的表面轮廓数据。目前还使用许多种商品化的白光表面轮廓测量仪。我们详细介绍了一种组表面轮廓的简单方法,即采用两种简单而有效的算法。这种方法处理数据快速、简单,因而减少了数据搜寻和分析的时间。该系统具有不受限制的理论工作范围,对粗糙和平滑的光学表面进行形状测量。     

利用XPS研究紫外光激发下GaAs晶片表面氧化反应

本文用XPS分析紫外光激发氧化反应后砷化镓表面的化学组成和氧化层厚度。发现,紫外光激发下,GaAs表面生成氧化膜,同时清除表面污染碳。氧化膜中的镓砷比可以与基体完全保持一致。用此方法获得具有一定的化学稳定性的,适合于器件制备的钝化层。发现紫外光激发的砷化镓表面氧化反应的实质是光催化反应。用“紫外光/臭氧处理法”处理的GaAs晶片,可使器件性能得到改善     

金属表面经脉冲电子束作用后的改性研究

利用扫描电子显微镜,对高功率毫微秒脉冲电子束作用后金属表面的显微组织作了观察,对其显微硬度进行了测试,并对其组织和性能的变化进行了分析和探讨.将高功率脉冲电子束用于金属材料表面的改性是非常有价值的.     

微铣金属表面微沟槽结构的粗糙度及形貌分析

为了提高和改善微沟槽表面质量,设计了高速微铣削实验,研究了微沟槽底面表面粗糙度和侧壁残留毛刺的变化规律。从理论角度引入了已加工表面的形成机理,建立了微观表面粗糙度理论模型,提出了刀具跳动对侧壁形貌变化影响的规律。利用三轴联动精密微细铣削机床加工微细直沟槽,并选取主轴转速、轴向切深、进给速度、刀具跳动量和材料组织结构为研究因素。采用多因素正交实验和极差分析法,对表面粗糙度值进行数值分析。铝合金,钢和钛合金三类微沟槽底面对应的最佳表面粗糙度值变化范围分别为1.073~1.481 μm,0.485~0.883 μm,0.235~0.267 μm;无刀具跳动钛合金微沟槽壁毛刺的最大高度为7.637 μm,而当刀具存在0.3 μm的径向综合跳动量时对应的微槽壁毛刺的最大高度为21.79 μm。铣削参数对表面粗糙度值的影响按从大到小依次为进给速度、主轴转速、轴向切深,且随着进给速度和轴向切深的增大,表面粗糙度值增大;随着主轴转速的增大,表面粗糙度值先减小后增大;在相同加工条件下,若微圆弧刀刃无磨损,微刀具的跳动量对微直沟槽侧壁表面质量有较大影响。同时,不同金属材料特性也是影响微沟槽表面质量的潜在因素。     

Research on oxidation wear mechanism of the cast steels

The uni-directional pin-on-disk wear tests were performed in elevated-temperature air at 400 °C for the Cr–Mo–V cast steels with different compositions. Morphology, composition and structure of worn surfaces, oxidation films and matrix were examined using SEM, EDS, XRD and TEM. The relations between oxidation wear rate and matrix were studied. The mechanism of wear was clarified. Under elevated-temperature air at 400 °C, typical oxidation wear was presented in the cast steels. Oxidation of worn surface and fatigue delamination of oxide film proceed alternatively during sliding. As there are not coarse second phases in steel, oxide film is main factor in determining wear rate, which conforms to Quinn's oxidation wear theory. In this case, delamination of oxide film was found to take place inside oxide film or at interface of matrix and oxide film. This is classified as mild oxidation wear with lower wear rate. As coarse second phases exist in steel, the wear rate is strongly dependant on microstructures of matrix. In this case, oxide film delaminates from the inside of matrix under oxide film. This is classified as severe wear with high wear rate.     

Unlubricated sliding frictional behaviour of oxide films on plasma nitrocarburised steel

The sliding frictional behaviour of oxide films formed on low alloy steel by the combined plasma nitrocarburising and post oxidation treatment has been investigated. Unlubricated sliding tests of the as-nitrocarburised and nitrocarburised-oxidised specimens showed that the frictional behaviour depends not only on the oxidation treatment conditions, but also on the counterface material and the testing conditions. When sliding against a steel counterface, all the tested specimens exhibited similar frictional behaviour, which is dominated by the material transfer from the counterface to the sliding surface. On the other hand, when sliding against an alumina slider, all the oxidised specimens exhibited a low friction regime. The duration of this low friction regime depends on the treatment and test conditions, with the low temperature oxidised/nitrocarburised specimen being the most durable. The mechanisms associated with the observed frictional characteristics are discussed in terms of material transfer and the structure and mechanical integrity of the films.     

Quality evaluation in resistance spot welding by analysing the weld fingerprint on metal bands by computer vision

This paper introduces a novel method for the quality evaluation of resistance spot welds. The evaluation is based on computer vision methods, which allow non-destructive on-line real-time processing. The input of the system is the image of a weld imprint on a metal band which covers the electrodes against wear and soiling. The shape and size of the structures within the imprint correlate with the nugget area and, therefore, allow an accurate estimation of the quality of the spot weld. The system segments the electrode imprint and computes the nugget area from the minimum and maximum axis of a fitted ellipse. This method does not need training samples to perform reliable quality estimation. Additionally, the used algorithms are easy to implement and efficient, which guarantees real-time ability. Since there is only a single low-cost camera needed, the hardware can be placed directly on the gun arm, which makes a fast evaluation possible.     

便携式重金属仪测定水中砷的方法研究

以预镀金膜的玻碳电极为工作电极,采用阳极溶出伏安法实现了水中三价砷及总砷的测定。研制了镀金液、测砷电解液及还原剂,研究了镀金膜条件及富集电位、扫描结束电位、清洗电位等对重复性的影响,改进了参比电极。在最优实验条件下,三价砷在0.10V~0.12V之间产生灵敏的溶出峰,检测限为0.5μg/L,精密度达3%。     

浅谈天然气计量

介绍陕西省天然气有限责任公司天然气计量的情况,提出了提高天然气计量的方法。