静电纺丝法制备醋酯纳米纤维的最新研究进展

采用静电纺丝法制备醋酯纳米纤维,既可以保留醋酯纤维的耐化学性和可生物降解性等优点,又具有纳米材料的高比表面积、高孔隙率和量子效应。综述了近几年国内外静电纺丝法制备纳米级醋酯纤维的最新研究进展,系统介绍了几种新型纳米纤维结构的制备方法、原理及影响因素,同时对醋酯纳米纤维在吸附过滤方面的应用研究状况进行了概述,最后对静电纺丝法制备醋酯纤维的发展前景进行了展望。     

电子束辐照对聚碳硅烷纤维结构行为的影响

国防科大的楚增勇等用电子束对聚碳硅烷（ＰＣＳ）纤维进行辐照实验，研究了结构性能的变化。结果表明，ＰＣＳ纤维受电子束辐照后产生了交联结构，实现了不熔化。电子束辐照对聚碳硅烷纤维结构行为的影响     

国内应重视发展醋酯纤维

调研和比较了国内外生产醋酯纤维和粘胶纤维的情况,及其两种纤维的性能、生产工艺流程和原料单耗等。发现醋酯纤维具有性能好,特别具有弹性仅次于羊毛、生产流程短、原料单耗低、基建和设备投资少、省劳力及三废少等优点,因此,认为国内应重视发展醋酯纤维。为此,向有关领导建议缓解阻碍发展醋酯纤维的途径。建议建立适当生产规模的醋酯纤维和滤烟嘴用醋酯纤维的联合工厂。     

INFLUENCE OF EB IRRADIATION ON THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF PCS FIBERS

用电子束对聚碳硅烷（ＰＣＳ）纤维进行辐照实验，研究了结构性能的变化。结果表明，ＰＣＳ纤维受电子束辐照后产生了交联结构，实现了不熔化。     

电子束辐射对PCS纤维结构性能的影响

用电子束对聚碳硅烷（ＰＣＳ）纤维进行辐照实验，研究了结构性能的变化，结果表明，ＰＣＳ纤维受电子束辐照后产生了交联结构，实现了不熔化。     

改性处理对木纤维/聚乳酸生物可降解复合材料性能的影响

分别用硬脂酸和钛酸酯对木纤维进行改性,用注塑成型工艺制备木纤维/聚乳酸可生物降解复合材料。研究了改性剂用量对复合材料力学性能及生物降解性能的影响。结果表明:改性剂对木纤维进行处理后,复合材料的拉伸强度与冲击强度得到明显提高;钛酸酯偶联剂的改性效果优于硬脂酸。硬脂酸和钛酸酯改性剂一定程度上都可以改善复合材料的生物降解性能。     

玻璃纤维填充尼龙610的辐射效应

在尼龙６１０中加入３０％的玻璃纤维，用高能电子束辐照，结果表明，辐照能提高ＧＦ填充尼龙６１０的力学强度、热形温度等性能，说明用ＧＦ填充与电子束辐照结合的方法对尼龙６１０的改性效果明显。     

电子束辐照预硫化技术及其应用研究

阐述电子束辐照预硫化技术的设备结构和反应机理以及辐照剂量均匀性评价方法,探讨电子束辐照预硫化技术在半钢子午线轮胎胎体帘布加工中的应用。结果表明:辐照剂量对胎体帘布胶、帘布及其纤维原丝、轮胎性能有一定的影响;电子束辐照预硫化技术在轮胎生产中应用前景广阔,可以在优化工艺、提高生产效率和提升轮胎产品品质等方面发挥重要作用。近年来,国内大型轮胎企业在半钢子午线轮胎胎体帘布压延生产线新建或改造项目中基本配备了电子束辐照预硫化设备,但是目前亟待解决其故障率较高的问题。     

TF-4738的制备及其在醋酯面料后整理中的应用

本文研究了端环氧硅油改性聚氨酯乳液TF-4738在醋酯纤维织物后整理工序上的应用性能效果,以及各项稳定性能.结果表明,TF-4738赋予醋酯纤维织物滑弹的手感与抗皱效果,并且各项稳定性能优异.     

纺织用醋酯长丝的产品性能及应用

醋酸纤维是技术含量高、附加价值高的纤维品种,具有与天然纤维相媲美的外观和穿着舒适性。介绍了醋酯长丝的生产流程、产品性能及应用,指出开发醋酯长丝对提高我国纺织业竞争能力有特殊意义。     

Location of some typical vinyl polymers within radiation-grafted cotton fibers: An electron microscopical survey

Electron microscopical observations of radiation-induced rayon–styrene graft copolymers were published by Kaeppner and Huang in 1965. The present paper reports electron microscopical investigations on the relationship of the structure of vinyl–cotton graft polymers to the original morphology of the cotton fiber and into the distribution of the grafted vinyl polymer in the cotton fiber structure. The grafted vinyl monomers investigated in this study were acrylonitrile, styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate. Two radiation-induced procedures were used: simultaneous irradiation grafting and post-irradiation grafting. Ceric ion grafting of acrylonitrile to cotton was included for purposes of comparison. Distribution of the vinyl polymer within the cotton fiber is illustrated by a series of electron micrographs, selected as typical of the particular grafted species under consideration. Results indicate that the diffusion rate of monomer into the cellulose fiber plays an important role in the final distribution of polyacrylonitrile grafts within the fiber. Uniform distribution of polyacrylonitrile in the fiber was achieved by simultaneous irradiation grafting of acrylonitrile on a highly substituted cyanoethylated cotton. In samples of low degree of cyanoethylation the distribution of graft polymer was non-uniform. In grafting initiated by ceric ion the acrylonitrile graft polymer was evenly distributed. Polystyrene–cotton copolymers from grafts, made by simultaneous irradiation of cotton in methanol solutions of the styrene monomer, were uniform throughout the fiber but showed opening of structure associated with the amount of graft formed. Grafting of methyl methacrylate occurred only in the peripheral regions of the fiber; by contrast, grafting of vinyl acetate was uniform throughout the fiber wall. Important factors governing the successful irradiation grafting in cotton fibers are choice of solvent, ratio of monomer to cellulose, nature of prior chemical modification of the cellulose, and total irradiation dosage.     

电子束辐射接枝对PAN基碳纤维的表面改性

采用电子束加速器辐射接枝方法对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行表面改性,研究了接枝单体种类对接枝率及其环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响,分析了辐射接枝前后PAN基碳纤维的表面形貌与化学结构以及其复合材料界面断口的形貌变化。结果表明:电子束辐射接枝改性的PAN基碳纤维表面粗糙度增加,表面活性官能团增多,与树脂的机械锲合作用增强,其树脂基复合材料断口表而较为平整;乙二胺/水溶液体系是辐射接枝改性的理想溶液,在200 kGy的电子束辐射下,PAN基碳纤维表面的接枝率为6.66%,复合材料的层间剪切强度提高了45.1%。     

Attainment of cellulose acetate from coir fiber submitted to pretreatment with IL n-butylammonium acetate

Cellulose acetate was obtained from the coir fiber submitted to the treatment with the IL. The coir fiber was initially subjected to treatment with the n-butylammonium acetate IL (CFIL) and subsequent bleaching (CFILB). By analyzing the CFILB, it was possible to observe a delignification of 6.10% in relation to the natural material and an 8.1% increase in the concentration of cellulose. The results from SEM, XRD, and FTIR-ART confirm the modifications in the fiber. After characterizing the treated coir fiber and obtaining the cellulose acetate, analyses by NMR confirmed its regeneration with a degree of substitution at 2.92. FTIR analyses corroborate with the obtained data, verifying the presence of the main adsorption bands. The XRD analysis of cellulose acetate shows peaks at 8.5° regarding the randomness after the acetylation of cellulose, as well as peaks between 18° and 22.5° regarding the packing of carbon atoms due to the Van der Waals forces, which confirm the production of cellulose acetate. The thermal analysis shows that decomposition events occurred in two stages, indicating the thermal decomposition of the remaining cellulose, which did not undergo acetylation, and attribution to its thermal degradation.

     

烟用改性聚丙烯纤维的结构及物性分析

本研究采用共混纺丝方法制备烟用改性聚丙烯(PP)纤维,通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、差示扫描量热等测试方法分析改性聚丙烯的结构特性,并且测定改性PP纤维对水的接触角。结果说明改性PP纤维具有类似二醋酸纤维的特殊结构形态,极性改性组份的附着使纤维极性增加,接触角降低,有利于实现有效粘结。     

Biodegradable packaging foams of starch acetate blended with corn stalk fibers

Starch acetate–corn fiber foams were prepared by extrusion. Corn starch was acetylated (DS 2) to introduce thermoplastic properties. Corn stalks were treated with sodium hydroxide to remove the lignin and to obtain purified cellulose fibers. Starch acetate was blended with treated fiber at concentrations of 0, 2, 6, 10, and 14% (w/w) and extruded in a corotating twin‐screw extruder with 12 to 18% w/w ethanol content and 5% talc as a nucleating agent. The samples were extruded at 150°C and selected physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. Micrographic properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to observe the interaction of fiber and starch. Fiber incorporation at the lower concentrations enhanced the physical properties of the foams. Fiber contents greater than 10% decreased expansion and increased density and shear strength. Good compatibility between starch and corn fiber was observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2627–2633, 2004     

二醋片和醋酸长丝的市场分析及前景展望

醋酸纤维是具有高附加值的纤维品种,具有与真丝相媲美的外观和舒适性.二醋片是生产烟用过滤嘴和醋酸长丝的主要原料.简单介绍了醋酸纤维的发展历史和应用,详细分析了二醋片、醋酸长丝的国内外生产现状、市场需求及发展预测,并对我国发展醋酸纤维工业提出了几点建议.     

电子束辐射对PTFE/GF摩擦磨损和压缩性能的影响

考察电子束辐射对玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(PTFE/GF)摩擦磨损性能和压缩性能的影响。结果表明,经电子束辐射后,PTFE/GF的耐磨性能和压缩性能均显著提高。当电子束辐射剂量为300 kGy时,PTFE/GF的耐磨性能提高了1.83倍,压缩弹性模量提高了0.8倍。分析认为,由电子束辐射引发的PTFE结晶度的提高使得PTFE/GF具有良好的耐磨性能和压缩性能。     

Influence of chemical treatments on cellulose fibers for use as reinforcements in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) composites

This work evaluates different chemical treatments on cellulose fibers as reinforcement agents in poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) composites. The cellulose fibers were prepared with three chemical modifications using triethoxyvinylsilane, acetic anhydride (AA), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Composites were prepared with 10 phr of cellulose fibers by means of extrusion and hot press conformation. The fiber treatment levels were successfully demonstrated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with the appearance of characteristic bands in each chemical group, and scanning electron micrographs showed altered textures on the surfaces, polymerized material and fiber agglomerations after the chemical treatments that were most evident in the AA and GMA treatments. The composites reinforced with treated fibers showed improvement in their mechanical properties at the yield points and were reduced in deformation. When activated with dicumyl peroxide, the mechanical properties were even more improved and the interface regions exhibited better interactions between the cellulose fibers and the EVA matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1991–2000, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Influence of electron beam treatment of jute on the thermal properties of random and two-directional jute/poly(lactic acid) green composites

In the present study, randomly aligned jute fiber/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and two-directionally aligned jute fabric/PLA green composites with jute (50% by weight) treated with electron beam at different dosages (0, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100?kGy) were fabricated by compression molding technique and the effect of electron beam treatment on their thermal properties was investigated in terms of thermal expansion, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical thermal property, and heat deflection temperature (HDT). The dynamic storage modulus and HDT of neat PLA were significantly increased by incorporating jute fibers or fabrics into PLA, whereas the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the damping property were decreased, reflecting the enhancement in the interfacial adhesion between the jute and the PLA by electron beam treatment with an optimal dosage of 10?kGy and the reinforcing effect by jute. The result exhibited that the thermal stability, storage modulus, and HDT of jute/PLA green composites were highest with the electron beam irradiation of jute at 10?kGy and lowest at 100?kGy, whereas the CTE and tan δ were lowest at 10?kGy and highest at 100?kGy. The thermal behavior of random jute/PLA green composites shows a similar tendency to that of 2D jute/PLA counterparts and the influence of electron beam irradiation on the thermal properties studied was consistent with each other. The thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and HDT results were in agreement with each other, showing a comparable effect of electron beam irradiation on composites thermal characteristics.     

高吸附型丙纤丝束的研究

本文介绍了提高聚烯丝束对烟气中的焦油及有害物质吸附性的几种方法，同时对改变前后的纤维接同一品牌香烟，并进行烟气分析，可以看出，改变后丙纤对烟气的过滤效果明显提高，已接近醋纤水平。