方坯高速连铸结晶器的研究

介绍了当今连铸的发展趋势，针对实现方坯高速连铸的关键部件——结晶器，将传统结晶器的行为以及几种新型结晶器的技术特点进行了分析，概括了高速连铸结晶器的设计思想。     

炼钢保护渣应用探讨

本文分析了常规板坯连铸结晶器、薄板坯连铸结晶器、方坯连铸结晶器和高拉速连铸结晶器的连铸特点及对结晶器保护渣性能的要求。     

连铸

连铸结晶器非正弦振动振幅的确定，BAO含量对结晶器保护渣润滑和传热行为的影响,连铸结晶器保护渣结晶性能的研究,攀钢大方坯连铸漏钢原因分析及预防措施,宽板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动的数值模拟.[编者按]     

小方坯连铸结晶器密封的改造

连铸结晶器的密封可靠与否，直接关系到连铸生产的正常和安全。为此黄钢对小方坯连铸结晶器的密封结构进行了改造，并选择了更为经济的硅橡胶密封圈，更好的保证了结晶器的密封要求。     

连铸结晶器振动过程连铸坯应力分布有限元分析

对连铸结晶器振动过程进行了有限元模拟,获得了结晶器振动过程连铸坯表层应力分布,分析了结晶器锥度、结晶器与连铸坯间摩擦系数、拉速和连铸坯厚度对连铸坯表层应力分布的影响。振动过程结晶器末端附近区域连铸坯表层出现应力集中。随结晶器锥度减小和连铸坯宽度增加,连铸坯表层最大应力增加;拉速和连铸坯与结晶器间摩擦对连铸坯表层最大应力影响很小。研究结果对分析和认识连铸坯表面振痕的产生原因和结晶器磨损具有指导作用。     

连铸坯表面裂纹预测研究的现状

汇总了通过监测结晶器热行为和铸坯与结晶器之间的摩擦力预测结晶器内连铸坯表面裂纹形成的研究工作，介绍了用于预测连铸裂纹的数学模型以及基于临界应力应变和形成裂纹变形能差的连铸裂纹判据，提出了裂纹预测研究的发展方向。     

攀钢板坯连铸机结晶器流场优化的水模拟研究

在攀钢条件下对连铸板坯结晶器流场进行了水模拟实验，研究了拉速，结晶器宽度，水口结构等参数与结晶器流场，液面波动，流股行为及夹杂物上浮状况之间的关系。实验结果对板坯结晶器工艺参数优化和连铸生产有参考价值。     

连铸结晶器工艺参数对铸坯初始凝固的影响

本文通过对转炉厂3#连铸机结晶器技术改造小结，结合小方坯连铸结晶器工艺参数的制订，对一些影响铸坯质量的主要因素进行了研究，并按该连铸机原有的设备工艺条件，对连铸坯的初始凝固条件作了针对性的分析，提出了一些连铸结晶器工艺参数优化的依据。     

变频调速器在连铸结晶器冷却水上的应用

连铸结晶器冷却水采用变频器调速实现恒压供水，减少因连铸结晶器用水量发生变化而引起供水质量变坏，引发的连铸漏钢、铸坯表面缺陷和裂纹等事故，起到提高钢坯质量和节能降耗的作用。     

黄钢小方坯连铸结晶器密封的改造

为保证结晶器的密封可靠，黄钢对小方坯连铸结晶器的密封结构进行了改造，缩小了冷却死区，并选择了更为经济的硅橡胶密封圈，从而提高了连铸浇成率和结晶器铜管的使用寿命。     

Mould Powder Development for Continuous Casting of Steel

Mould powders significantly determine the stability of the continuous casting process of steel at all casting speeds. The main functions of mould powders are to provide strand lubrication and to control the mould heat transfer in the horizontal direction between the steel shell and the copper mould. The composition, properties and operational performance of mould powders were investigated in detail with a focus on high-speed thin slab casting and conventional slab casting. Various advanced characterisation methods were applied, completed with experiments at laboratory scale and full-scale plant trials. It was found that melting of mould powder at the meniscus and crystallisation of the slag film are key processes during continuous casting. Both powder melting and slag crystallisation are primarily based on the composition of the mould powder and the mould slag. Additionally, the operational parameters during continuous casting will affect these processes as well. Results of the work are used for a further and more fundamental understanding of the mould powder functions and to guide mould powder design for various steel grades.     

宽厚板连铸结晶器摩擦行为在线测试与分析

 结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为是影响并决定铸坯表面质量的重要因素。以宽厚板坯连铸结晶器为对象,在线检测基于液压振动装置的结晶器/铸坯摩擦力,测试和分析浇铸温度、铸坯断面、拉速与结晶器振动方式等主要工艺参数对摩擦力的影响,为考察和调控结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为提供试验基础。相同工艺条件下,摩擦力随浇铸温度的升高而降低,随铸坯断面尺寸的增加而增大。正弦、非正弦振动方式与拉速-振频、振幅振动控制模型的合理匹配,能够显著改善高拉速下的结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为,结晶器振动工艺的开发和优化对于充分发挥液压振动装置设备潜力,稳定高拉速下铸坯表面质量具有积极意义。     

奥氏体不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器锥度的优化

针对奥氏体不锈钢连铸中的质量问题 ,对太钢三炼钢 1260mm× 160mm板坯结晶器的锥度进行了分析。通过不锈钢铸坯在结晶器内收缩的计算和拉坯速度、过热度等工艺参数对铸坯收缩影响的分析 ,得出采用双锥度结晶器比单锥度结晶器更符合铸坯在结晶器内的收缩规律 :液面附近 80～200mm区域采用较大锥度 ,液面下 200～800mm的结晶器下部 ,采用较小锥度 ,并在此基础上设计了曲线锥度结晶器。生产试验表明 ,双锥度设计显著改善了铸坯质量 ,消除了窄面鼓肚和中间凹陷等缺陷     

方坯高效连铸新型结晶器传热分析与应用

提出了方坯高效连铸结晶器有效结构形式,并通过ansys有限元软件,建立高效连铸结晶器与传统结晶器铜管的传热模型,并对其凝固传热以及温度场进行计算对比,重点讨论不同结构形式的结晶器在传热效率及传热均匀性方面的差异,并讨论其对高拉速下坯壳凝固的影响。结果表明,高效结晶器可以使得结晶器的传热效率提高7.8%,并且使得结晶器铜管热面最高温度降低100℃,热面温差降低到5℃以下。作者根据该理论,通过有限元优化设计,设计制造出方坯高效连铸结晶器,并应用于某钢厂155mm方断面的铸机上,稳定生产拉速达到4m/min,最大拉速达到4.46m/min。     

高拉速板坯连铸保护渣的应用

根据攀钢2^#板坯连铸的工艺特点，在分析了高速连铸对保护渣性能要求的基础上，研究开发出了适应高拉速浇注的连铸保护渣，工业试验结果表明，研究开发的YC—DT高拉速用连铸保护渣，在拉速≥1.70m/min时不仅结晶器内熔化状况良好，而且保护渣消耗量适宜，所浇铸坯表面质量良好，能够满足攀钢2^#板坯高速浇注的需求。     

连铸保护渣性能研究进展

连铸保护渣性能直接影响钢材表面质量。本文综述了保护渣化学组成、保护渣矿物组成、保护渣熔化性能、保护渣熔渣池深度性能、保护渣熔渣的渗入和均匀性、高拉速连铸保护渣的研制、保护渣熔渣的黏度性能的研究技术成果及应用。     

结晶器保护渣试验条件探讨

介绍了影响结晶器保护渣试验效果的主要浇注工艺因素,对结晶器保护渣试验条件进行了探讨。试验时必须考虑钢水质量和温度、浇注液面的稳定性、水口插入深度及对中精度、保护浇注效果、氩气大小以及保护渣操作等各方面因素的影响。通过保护渣反复试验,不断调整保护渣理化指标和连铸机浇注工艺条件,保护渣性能才能不断满足工艺质量的要求。     

Mould Powder Requirements for High‐speed Casting

Mould powders play an important role in the stability of the continuous casting process of steel. The main functions of mould slag (i.e. molten powder) are to provide sufficient lubrication and to control the heat transfer between the developing steel shell and the mould. Sufficient lubrication requires an undisturbed melting of mould powders and uniform infiltration of mould slag. Based on the casting practice in IJmuiden, it is found that these demands become even more important for the applied high casting speeds in thin slab casting at 5 to 6 m/min. At Corus RD&T, mould powders were characterised by X‐ray diffraction and subsequent fully quantitative Rietveld analysis. Additionally, the melting of mould powders has been studied in‐situ using high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction, to gain crucial knowledge about melting relations. Slag rims obtained from the thin slab caster mould were characterised using extended microscopic techniques in order to describe the mechanisms of rim formation and growth. Finally, slag films obtained after casting were characterised. As a result, not only the melting process of mould powder, but also the mechanism of formation and growth of slag rims is much better understood. This knowledge will be applied to define the demands on the composition and properties of mould powder for even higher casting speeds.     

高速连铸用结晶器保护渣

概述了高速铸的特点及其对结晶器保护渣的要求,给出了高速连铸用结晶器保护渣的理化性能及所应具有原成分;总结顾高拉速结晶器用保护渣的研究现状。     

Development of Mould Flux for High Speed Thin Slab Casting

Mould powders impact the stability of the continuous casting process for steel at all casting speeds. The main functions of mould powder are to provide sufficient lubrication and to control the mould heat transfer between the solidifying steel shell and the copper mould. At higher casting speeds associated with thin slab casting, the role of the mould powder is even more important. Actual casting speeds for the thin slab caster at Corus IJmuiden are between 5.4 and 6 m/min; the production level is around 1.3 Mt/year (coils). It has been decided to increase the production of this caster to a level of 1.8 Mt/year (coils). In order to meet this demand, the steel in mould time has to be increased to approximately 85% and the maximum casting speed will be increased to 8 m/min. A collaborative project between Sumitomo Metal Industries (SMI) and Corus IJmuiden was initiated to develop mould powders which facilitate casting speeds up to 8 m/min at the thin slab caster. Main subjects of this project are: mould powder design, characterisation of mould powder and mould slag, trials at the pilot caster of Sumitomo and finally plant trials at the thin slab caster of Corus. A special point of attention is the condition to use mould powder as a granulated material at the thin slab caster. As a consequence, the characterisation work focussed on the choice of raw materials and on the corresponding phase relations at elevated temperatures. Typical of the developed mould powders are so‐called mild cooling properties which will result in a controlled mould heat transfer during casting. In this paper, several aspects of this joint project between Sumitomo and Corus will be described.