基于系统动力学的军用机场综合防护体系仿真研究

为研究军用机场的综合防护问题,采用系统动力学方法构建了军用机场综合防护体系模型并进行模拟仿真。结果表明,军用机场综合防护体系中的示假能力、应急抢修能力、信息对抗能力、飞机拦截能力及防空反导能力等因素对体系的综合防护效能影响较大。因此,军用机场的综合防护应该从综合多元防护手段出发,将综合防护措施与作战体系高度融合,才能有效提高军用机场的生存能力。     

高科技战争条件下重要人防工程的综合防护

本文介绍了高科技战争条件下，提高重要人防工程综合防护能力的重要性及综合防护能力的一般方法。     

城市避难场所与地下空间复合开发模式探讨

城市可持续发展,需提高城市的综合防护减灾能力,通过分析我国城市避难场所和防护减灾方面存在的问题,提出了将城市避难场所与地下空间进行复合开发,使之成为解决城市地面避难空间不足,合理开发地下空间,提高城市综合防护减灾能力的有效途径.     

人防工程中电磁脉冲防护的技术措施

根据战时电磁脉冲的特点以及电磁脉冲进入人防工程内部的途径,介绍了人防工程中整体系统及各环节所采取电磁脉冲防护的具体技术措施,以增强人防工程整体防护能力和综合防护能力。     

城市综合防灾背景下的地下空间防护体系建设

充分利用地下空间的防灾特性、资源潜力,将地下空间作为城市防灾的综合体系的重要和必要组成部分,形成系统化、现代化的地下空间防护体系,促进城市综合防灾空间体系的建设和综合防灾能力的提高。本文通过分析城市地下空间防灾特性和各灾种间的相关性,提出了城市综合防灾背景下的地下空间防护体系,明确了地下空间防护体系的功能、建设原则、布局、结构、并对其网络化防护效能进行了分析。     

高功率微波对防护工程的影响及防护对策思考

高功率微波对防护工程构成了严重威胁.结合防护工程实际特点开展高功率微波工程防护技术研究,制定有效可靠的防护对策,以进一步增强和完善工程电磁脉冲防护能力非常必要.本文详细分析了高功率微波对防护工程产生的影响,并从综合运用屏蔽、滤波、接地和限幅等技术方面对防护对策提出了建议,以期能对高功率微波的防护引起重视.     

综合防护模型优化研究

在理解综合防护内涵的基础上,依据防护工程综合防护中工程和非工程防护措施的作用原理,建立了防护工程的综合防护生存效能模型.结合防护目标的性质、可能面临的威胁及目标综合防护中重点采取的防护措施等实际情况,对综合防护效能模型进行简化,建立了定量分析的数学模型,并进行优化分析.     

城市防护与防灾功能的统一

我国城市防灾形势十分严峻，抗灾能力相当薄弱。为使这种情况得到改善，本文首先论述了战争灾害与平时灾害在三个方面的共同特征，然后从五个方面分析了加强城市综合防灾，提高城市总体抗灾抗毁能力的必要性；并在此基础上提出了统一城市防护与防灾功能，建立集中的城市综合防灾体制的建议。城市灾害城市防护城市防灾     

公路边坡常见支护方法简介

针对公路修建过程中出现的边坡及其防护问题,从工程防护、植物防护、柔性支护以及综合防护4方面介绍了近几年国内外常见的支护形式,以及其适用条件和构造要求,以充分发挥防护工程的综合效益.     

不同防护涂层提升混凝土耐久性能研究

为了研究不同防护涂层提升东北沿海地区混凝土耐久性的能力,选取环氧砂浆、聚氨酯及聚脲三种防护涂层对混凝土试件进行表面处理,并对其进行室内碳化试验、氯离子侵蚀试验、硫酸盐干湿循环试验及冻融循环试验,研究沿海地区混凝土结构表面涂覆防护涂层对混凝土耐久性的影响。试验结果表明:混凝土涂覆防护涂层后,可以有效地改善混凝土结构的抗碳化性能、抗氯离子渗透性能、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能以及抗冻性能,提升混凝土结构的耐久性,从而延长其使用寿命;环氧砂浆、聚氨酯及聚脲三种防护涂层对混凝土耐久性能的改善效果不同,其中以环氧砂浆防护涂层的综合防护效果最优。     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

谈贯标中企业如何做好检验和试验工作

根据在贯彻GB／T 19001－ISO9000族标准过程中的实际工作经验,从贯彻中为什么要抓好检验和试验工作入手,对检验和试验依据的管理,检验和试验设计的控制,检验和试验人员的培训,检验和试验记录的填写,保存和分析四个方面进行了论述,阐述了检验和试验工作在贯标中的重要性。     

Colour and turbidity removal with reusable magnetite particles—VII: A colloid chemistry study of the effect of inorganic ions on the efficiency of clarification

The removal of colour and turbidity from natural waters by the addition of magnetite is an interfacial process. Furthermore the components of this system are either of colloidal dimensions or of a surface active nature and thus this method of water clarification is very much in the realm of surface and colloid chemistry. Electrokinetic techniques have been used to examine the influence of a number of inorganic species, commonly encountered in the practical situation, on the surface properties of magnetite and consequently on the efficiency of the process.     

Alternative Methods of Procurement for Works of Water and Environmental Management

The paper considers methods of procurement for the construction of water- and sewage-treatment works other than the traditional use of the ICE 5th Edition Conditions of Contract and Bills of Quantities. This is as a consequence of the speed at which schemes are currently required within the water industry.
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered.     

斜坡失稳的突变模型与混沌机制

针对斜坡平在滑动失稳问题,运用突变理论方法,给出了快速滑坡和慢还滑坡发生的判据,提出了刚度效应失稳新理论,指出刚体极限平衡稳定性评价方法有较大缺陷;根据建立的斜坡演非线性动力学模型,发现外部环境因素的作用一斜坡系统的响应有复杂的非线性关系,当斜坡本身的非线性作用与外部环境因素的作用能力相当时,斜坡化过程会出现混沌现象,其通向混沌之路是通过倍周期分叉实现的。     

Erfahrungen bei der Beurteilung der Dauerhaftigkeit vorgespannter Bewehrung von älteren Spannbetonbrücken

Experiences due to the evaluation of the durability of prestressed reinforcements in old prestressed concrete bridges. Old prestressed concrete bridge superstructures exhibiting cracks across the prestressed reinforcement need detailed inspections for estimating maintenance requirements. Only this type of evaluation makes it possible to determine the required extent and nature of maintenance. In this paper essential steps of the “Directive of the durability of prestressed reinforcements in old prestressed concrete bridge superstructures” of the Federal Highway Research Institute are explained, also against the effects of growing heavy traffic with expected higher gross weights and axle loads.     

景框的中介——电影与建筑中的动态布局

本文探讨了作为电影和建筑中的一个主要空间构成主题——景框理念。对空间的电影几何关系和建构几何关系的设置.体块、空间、视角、景观、相机和演员的相对位置和组织等.会产生特殊的张力、关系和动态——所有这一切都指向景框所带来的触媒作用和示能作用。电影与建筑中的空间是许多潜在的力量和相互作用的动力场,它涉及对空间景框、机制和策略的部署与调控,由此实现构成的、语义的和叙事的目的。景框建立了边界,但也促进并提醒可能会遇到的那些模棱两可、针锋相对与制约的突破.以及一种呈现怪诞特征的潜力。     

A Survey of Ferruginous Minewater Impacts in the Welsh Coalfields

The aim of this study was to locate all ferruginous discharges within the Welsh coalfield areas and to assess their impact upon receiving watercourses. The project was undertaken in two stages. In the first stage, visual assessments were carried out on an area of river bed affected by iron hydroxide deposition. Chemical samples of the discharges and the receiving watercourse were analysed for a suite of physico-chemical determinands. Ninety discharges were located impacting upon 59.4 km of river, and an area of 22 ha was affected by iron hydroxide deposits.
A ranking method, incorporating the physical/chemical determinands, was developed to assess the comparative impact which discharges were having on receiving watercourses. A total of 33 of the top ranked discharges- (20 to classified watercourses and 13 to unclassified watercourses) having the highest environmental impact were selected; chemical, biological and fisheries impact assessments were then carried out on these discharges in the second stage of the project. The sites were then ranked on the basis of biological and fisheries impact. A list of the highest impacted sites was produced, and some of these were further investigated for remediation options and associated costs.