嘧啶类化合物wbo对小麦叶锈病的活性研究

本文报道新近发现并合成的嘧啶类化合物２－「２－（６－（２－氰基苯氧基）嘧啶氧基苯基」３－甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯。经过室内对小麦叶锈病不同浓度，不同施药方式的植株试验，其生物活性明显优于三唑酮，与戊唑醇相似。     

不同杀菌剂对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病的防治效果比较

[目的]筛选出对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病有效的防治药剂。[方法]在小麦扬花初期进行田间喷雾处理,测定不同杀菌剂及组合物对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病的防治效果。[结果]17%吡唑·氟环唑SE、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG、430 g/L戊唑醇SC+50%多菌灵WP和430 g/L戊唑醇SC+25%氰烯菌酯SC喷雾处理对小麦叶锈病防效分别为88.52%、76.01%、71.68%和67.20%;430 g/L戊唑醇SC+25%氰烯菌酯SC和430 g/L戊唑醇SC+50%多菌灵WP喷雾处理对小麦赤霉病防效分别为82.80%和79.07%。[结论]430 g/L戊唑醇SC+25%氰烯菌酯SC以及430 g/L戊唑醇SC+50%多菌灵WP的处理对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病的防效均较好。     

酰基嘧啶类香化物研究

酰基嘧啶类香化物研究袁仕祯曾令禄（安徽省化工研究院,合肥２３００４１）近年来,杂环化合物受到香料生产研究单位的关注。如吡嗪、哒嗪、嘧啶等多原子杂环化合物,都是很有价值的增香剂。吡嗪、哒嗪等系列产品,国内已有研究机构进行了开发和应用［１］,但是有关嘧啶...     

30%醚菌酯SC防治小麦叶锈病、白粉病田间药效试验

防治小麦叶锈病、白粉病的田间试验表明：30％醚菌酯SC对小麦叶锈病、白粉病均有较好的防治效果,是一种高防效、低残留、安全性好的新型广谱性杀菌剂。分别在小麦锈病和小麦白粉病的发病初期,使用剂量225～315ml／hm^2(有效含量,下同),连续用药2次,对小麦锈病的防效达到85％以上,对白粉病达到90％以上。     

三唑类化合物对小麦叶锈菌生物活性影响的研究

我们对新近合成的三唑类似物在小麦叶锈菌上进行活体生物活性的研究，其中有７个化合物有明显的生物活性。本文以２，２－二甲基－６－间甲基苯氧基－４－（１，２，４－三唑－１－基）己醇－３，下称ＰＩ－２６化合物，经室内不同浓度，不同施药方式及特效期对小麦叶锈菌进行活体生物活性的研究。     

嘧啶酮类除草剂的概述

介绍了含嘧啶酮环类农药的开发情况,列出了已商品化的品种和近几年新公布的含有嘧啶酮环的高活性化合物专利,提示了其良好的发展前景,并简单地介绍了合成路线。     

苯基嘧啶类化合物的合成

设计一步合成法合成了4-苯基嘧啶(PPM)、4-(4-氟代苯基)嘧啶(FPPM),并通过元素分析、熔点测定、核磁共振等手段对合成的化合物进行结构表征。讨论了反应温度、时间、CuCl/酮的摩尔比等3个因素对产物合成产率的影响。通过实验确定最佳合成条件为:温度170℃、反应时间15h、CuCl/酮的摩尔比为0.65。在最佳条件下,产率为4-苯基嘧啶52%,4-(4-氟代苯基)嘧啶37%。     

脲嘧啶类除草剂的研究进展

介绍了脲嘧啶类除草剂的作用特点、机制及研究进展。脲嘧啶类除草剂属于原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂。原卟啉原氧化酶在亚铁原卟啉与叶绿素生物合成中催化原卟啉原IX氧化成原卟啉IX,此种酶受到需光除草剂的专门抑制,迅速造成细胞受害与干枯。同时还介绍了研发此类化合物的创制经纬并对部分化合物的活性给以概述,为以后该类化合物的优化工作提供依据。     

嘧啶氧苄胺类除草剂的合成研究

嘧啶氧苄胺类化合物作为新型ALS抑制剂类除草剂,具有广谱、高效、低毒、低残留、高选择性和与环境良好的兼容性等特点.本文分别对以6-卤代硝基苯为起始原料、以6-烷基水杨醛为起始原料和以水杨醛为起始原料的3条路线进行介绍,并对合成这3种类型化合物的重要中间体4,6-二甲氧基-2-甲磺酰嘧啶的合成方法作了初步的探讨.     

三唑类化合物分子结构与防治小麦锈病活性关系的研究

本文用多元线性回归分析、逐步线性回归分析、主成分回归分析和偏最小二乘分析方法研究了三唑类化合物结构与防治小麦锈病活性的关系，并建立了构效关系式。对该系列化合物结构的变化对其生物性的影响作了一定的探讨。提出了设计高活性化合物的可能结构要求，并将研究结果用于实际化合物的设计中，取得了初步结果。     

Characterization of the Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust Carried by the Bread Wheat Cultivar Victo

Leaf rust and powdery mildew are two important foliar diseases in wheat. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, obtained by crossing two bread wheat cultivars (‘Victo’ and ‘Spada’), was evaluated for resistance to the two pathogens at seedling stage. Upon developing a genetic map of 8726 SNP loci, linkage analysis identified three resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), with ‘Victo’ contributing the resistant alleles to all loci. One major QTL (QPm.gb-7A) was detected in response to Blumeria graminis on chromosome 7A, which explained 90% of phenotypic variation (PV). The co-positional relationship with known powdery mildew (Pm) resistance loci suggested that a new source of resistance was identified in T. aestivum. Two QTLs were detected in response to Puccinia triticina: a major gene on chromosome 5D (QLr.gb-5D), explaining a total PV of about 59%, and a minor QTL on chromosome 2B (QLr.gb-2B). A positional relationship was observed between the QLr.gb-5D with the known Lr1 gene, but polymorphisms were found between the cloned Lr1 and the corresponding ‘Victo’ allele, suggesting that QLr.gb-5D could represent a new functional Lr1 allele. Lastly, upon anchoring the QTL on the T. aestivum reference genome, candidate genes were hypothesized on the basis of gene annotation and in silico gene expression analysis.     

敌力脱拌种防治小麦条锈病效果的观察

室内研究表明,敌力脱拌种防治小麦条锈病效果好,具有用药量少和内吸性能好等优点。０．０２％剂量拌种防效为９８．８７％,在０．０１水平上与粉锈宁防效无显著差异的最低拌种剂量为０．０１％,拌种后的种子在室内存放４０天仍有很高的防病效果,此药剂的开发与应用必将对缓解防锈药剂严重单一的局面,延缓抗药性的产生及提高化学防治水平有积极影响。     

Mapping QTL for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Chinese Wheat Landrace

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust is a worldwide disease that seriously reduces wheat grain yield and quality. Adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust is generally more durable but usually controlled by multiple genes with partial resistance. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population was developed from a cross between a Chinese wheat landrace, Tutoumai, with APR to stripe rust, and a highly susceptible wheat cultivar, Siyang 936. The population was genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing and phenotyped for APR to stripe rust in four consecutive field experiments. Three QTLs, QYr.sdau-1BL, QYr.sdau-5BL, and QYr.sdau-6BL, were identified for APR to stripe rust, and explained 8.0–21.2%, 10.1–22.7%, and 11.6–18.0% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. QYr.sdau-1BL was further mapped to a 21.6 Mb region using KASP markers derived from SNPs identified by RNA-seq of the two parents. In the QYr.sdau-1BL region, 13 disease-resistance-related genes were differently expressed between the two parents, and therefore were considered as the putative candidates of QYr.sdau-1BL. This study provides favorable gene/QTL and high-throughput markers to breeding programs for marker-assisted selection of the wheat stripe rust APR genes.     

新型多功能除锈剂的研制

以无机酸、络合剂、表面活性剂、防锈剂、水和增稠剂等为原料制备了新型多功能除锈剂,具有高效、快速、对基材腐蚀轻、价格低、使用方便等特点。讨论了除锈剂各组分的作用以及对除锈剂性能的影响,给出新型多功能除锈剂的制备方法。     

A Chloroplast-Localized Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Positively Regulates Stripe Rust Resistance in Wheat

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), plays a pivotal role in plant stress responses. However, the function and mechanism of G6PDHs in crop plants challenged by fungal pathogens remain poorly understood. In this study, a wheat G6DPH gene responding to infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), designated TaG6PDH2, was cloned and functionally identified. TaG6PDH2 expression was significantly upregulated in wheat leaves inoculated with Pst or treated with abiotic stress factors. Heterologous mutant complementation and enzymatic properties indicate that TaG6PDH2 encodes a G6PDH protein. The transient expression of TaG6PDH2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and wheat protoplasts revealed that TaG6PDH2 is a chloroplast-targeting protein. Silencing TaG6PDH2 via the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system led to compromised wheat resistance to the Pst avirulent pathotype CYR23, which is implicated in weakened H₂O₂ accumulation and cell death. In addition, TaG6PDH2 was confirmed to interact with the wheat glutaredoxin TaGrxS4. These results demonstrate that TaG6PDH2 endows wheat with increased resistance to stripe rust by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.