一种基于小波变换和FIR神经网络的广域网网络流量预测模型

该文提出了一种基于小波变换和FIR神经网络的广域网网络流量预测模型,首先采用小波分解把网络流量数据分解成小波系数和尺度系数,即高频系数和低频系数,将这些不同频率成分的系数单支重构为高频流量分量和低频流量分量,利用FIR神经网络对这些分量分别进行预测,将合成之后的结果作为原始网络流量的预测。实验结果表明：采用该模型对实际的广域网网络流量数据进行预测,不仅可以得到较快的收敛效果,而且预测性能比现有的小波神经网络和FIR神经网络要好得多。     

用神经网络预测负荷的路由选择方法

电信网路由选择方法的优劣直接影响着网络的接通率和负荷平衡程度.我国电信网的接通率只有45%左右.据介绍,若其接通率提高一个百分点,收益可达10亿元.本文针对目前所使用的路由选择方法的不足,提出基于神经网络预测的新的路由选择方法,包括性能指标、选路思想和递归神经网络预测等.然后,分析和比较仿真结果.这个方法因良好的分布特性和智能决策能力而优于其它方法,这为提高业务接通率和平衡网络负荷提供了良好途径.     

基于最小代价路径的交换机迁移方法研究

针对如何保护控制器,尤其是骨干控制器免受安全威胁与攻击,提高SDN控制平面的安全性,提出一种基于最小代价路径的交换机迁移算法。在迁移模型中加入负载预测模块,预测模块执行控制器负载预测算法,得到负载预测矩阵,然后根据负载预测矩阵确定迁出、目标控制器集合。利用改进的迪杰斯特拉算法确定最小代价路径,根据控制器的负载状态和待迁移交换机的流量优先级,在最小代价路径中确定最优迁移交换机集合,同时针对迁移过程中可能产生的孤立节点问题给出了解决方案。实验结果表明,所提算法确定的迁移触发时机、迁出控制器和目标控制器更加合理,减少了迁移次数和代价,增强了控制器的安全性,提高了控制器性能。     

基于小波支持向量机的VBR视频流量预测

：VBR视频流量具有时变性、突发性和非线性等变化特点,为了提高VBR视频流量的预测精度,提出一种小波支持向量机的VBR视频流量预测模型(WSVM)。首先对VBR视频流量时间序列进行相空间重构,然后将其输入到小波支持向量机进行学习,建立VBR视频流量预测模型,最后采用仿真实验对模型性能进行测试,并与支持向量机、小波神经网络进行对比。仿真结果表明,相对于其它预测模型,WSVM模型提高了VBR视频流量预测精度,能够更加准确反映VBR视频流量的复杂变化规律。     

小波神经网络在短时交通流量预测中的应用

随着交通基础设施建设和智能运输系统的发展,交通规划和交通诱导成为交通领域的研究热点,对交通规划和交通诱导而言,准确的交通流量预测是其实现的前提和关键。短时交通流量预测是一个时间序列预测问题,文中应用小波神经网络对短时交通流量进行了预测。首先,对神经网络、小波分析等相关理论进行了简要介绍。在此基础上,采用5-7-1小波神经网络结构,以Morlet小波基函数作为隐含层节点的传递函数,将车流量数据输入该模型中,以训练小波神经网络,并用训练好的神经网络来预测短时交通流量。从预测结果来看,小波神经网络的预测结果较为准确,网络预测值接近期望值,效果较好。     

Neural-network-based delivery time estimates for prioritized 300-mm automatic material handling operations

This paper deals with lot delivery estimates in a 300-mm automatic material handling system (AMHS), which is composed of several intrabay loops. We adopt a neural network approach to estimate the delivery times for both priority and regular lots. A network model is developed for each intrabay loop. Inputs to the proposed neural network model are the combination of transport requirements, automatic material handling resources, and ratios of priority lots against regular ones. A discrete-event simulation model based on the AMHS in a local 300-mm fab is built. Its outputs are adopted for training the neural network model with the back propagation method. The outputs of the neural network model are the expected delivery times of priority and regular lots in the loop, respectively. For a lot to be transported, its expected delivery time along a potential delivery path is estimated by the summation of all the loop delivery times along the path. A shortest path algorithm is used to find the path with the shortest delivery time among all the possible delivery paths. Numerical experiments based on realistic data from a 300-mm fab indicate that this neural network approach is sound and effective for the prediction of average delivery times. Both the delivery times for priority and regular lots get improved. Specially, for the cases of regular lots, our approach dynamically routes the lots according to the traffic conditions so that the potential blockings in busy loops can be avoided. This neural network approach is applicable to implementing a transport time estimator in dynamic lot dispatching and fab scheduling functions in realizing fully automated 300-mm manufacturing.     

基于包容性检验和神经网络的网络流量预测模型

网络流量具有高度复杂的非线性特征,采用单一预测模型往往难以达到理想的预测效果,为此,提出一种包容性检验和BP神经网络相融合的网络流量预测模型（ET-BPNN）。首先采用多个单一模型对网络流量进行预测,然后通过包容性检验,根据t统计量检验选择最合适的基本模型,最后采用BP神经网络对基本模型预测结果进行组合得到最终预测结果。实验结果表明,相对于单一模型以及传统组合模型,ET-BPNN更加准确刻画了网络流量变化趋势,各项评价指标均达到更优,为实现网络流量准确预测提供了更为科学的方法。     

小波分析与神经网络的网络流量预测模型

网络流量具有长相关、非平稳性与多时间尺度特性。提出了一种基于小波分析与AR(p)人工神经网络相结合的网络流量预测模型,即WPBP算法。该算法采用小波分析得到网络流量在不同尺度下的近似信号和细节信号,并运用AR(p)的相关性理论确定近似信号序列和细节信号序列的相关程度(p值),与神经网络进行耦合,以p+1划分数据,前p项作为输入,后一项作为输出对网络进行训练,从而使得神经网络的输入与输出的选择更加合理,预测的结果也更加准确。用小波重构得到最终的流量预测值,用实际网络流量对该模型进行验证。仿真结果表明,该模型的预测效果较好。     

基于小波分析和神经网络的网络流量预测

采用小波分析和神经网络工具对分时段网络流量进行预测,比基于顺序流量序列的预测方法具有更高的预测精度.首先将分时段网络流量序列进行小波分解后得到的各子序列分别用神经网络进行训练,然后将各子序列预测结果进行重构作为最终的预测结果.文章最后将不同的小波分解和分解水平的预测结果误差作了比较,指出应根据实际的网络流量序列的变化规律选择合适的小波;小波分解水平不宜过高,以避免重构误差的累加.     

Network traffic prediction method based on wavelet transform and multiple models fusion

Accurate prediction of network traffic is an important premise in network management and congestion control. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of network traffic, a prediction method based on wavelet transform and multiple models fusion is presented. Mallat wavelet transform algorithm is used to decompose and reconstruct the network traffic time series. The approximate and detailed components of the original network traffic can be obtained. The characteristics of approximate components and detail components are analyzed by Hurst exponent. Then, according to the different characteristics of the components, autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) is chosen as the prediction model for the approximate component. Least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is used to predict detail component. Meanwhile, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of the LSSVM model. Gauss‐Markov estimation algorithm is adapted to fuse the predicted values of multiple prediction models. The variance of fusion prediction error is smaller than that of single prediction model, and the prediction accuracy is improved. Two actual datasets of network traffic are studied. Compared with other state‐of‐the‐art models, the case study results indicate that the proposed prediction method has a better prediction effect.     

A network traffic prediction model of smart substation based on IGSA‐WNN

The network traffic prediction of a smart substation is key in strengthening its system security protection. To improve the performance of its traffic prediction, in this paper, we propose an improved gravitational search algorithm (IGSA), then introduce the IGSA into a wavelet neural network (WNN), iteratively optimize the initial connection weighting, scalability factor, and shift factor, and establish a smart substation network traffic prediction model based on the IGSA‐WNN. A comparative analysis of the experimental results shows that the performance of the IGSA‐WNN‐based prediction model further improves the convergence velocity and prediction accuracy, and that the proposed model solves the deficiency issues of the original WNN, such as slow convergence velocity and ease of falling into a locally optimal solution; thus, it is a better smart substation network traffic prediction model.     

组合神经网络的网络流量预测研究

提出一种组合神经网络的网络流量预测模型.首先采用SMOF网络对网络流量数据进行聚类,然后采用Elman网络对聚类后的流量数据进行训练并预测,同时采用遗传算法对Elman网络的网络结构进行优化,提高网络流量预测精度.仿真结果表明,组合神经网络加快了网络流量预测速度,提高了网络流量预测精度,克服了单一预测模型不足,为网络流量预测提供了新的思路,具有很好的应用前景.     

用神经网络实现VBR视频通信量的在线预测

VBR(Varible Bit Rate)视频信号具有时变性、非线性和突发性等特点,实现该信号通信量的高精度预测难度较大.针对以上问题,本文提出了一种用于VBR视频通信量预测的自适应神经网络模型,网络训练采用离线与在线相结合的方式,同时通过删除不重要的权重,以优化网络的拓扑结构,提高网络的推广能力,降低网络在线学习的计算复杂度;对VBR视频通信量预测的模拟结果表明该模型具有高的预测精度,并能满足通信系统对预测实时性的要求.     

一种新的基于混沌神经网络的动态路由选择算法

针对通信网的路由选择问题,提出了一种动态路由选择的混沌神经网络实现方法。所提出的此方法具有许多优良特性,即暂态混沌特性和平稳收敛特性,能有效地避免传统Hopfield神经网络极易陷入局部极值的缺陷。它通过短暂的倒分叉过程,能很快进入稳定收敛状态。实验证明了本算法能实时、有效地实现通信网的路由选择,并且当通信网中的业务量发生变化时,算法能自动调整最短路径和负载平衡之间的关系。     

Multi-hour, multi-traffic class network design for virtualpath-based dynamically reconfigurable wide-area ATM networks

The virtual path (VP) concept has been gaining attention in terms of effective deployment of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks in recent years. In a recent paper, we outlined a framework and models for network design and management of dynamically reconfigurable ATM networks based on the virtual path concept from a network planning and management perspective. Our approach has been based on statistical multiplexing of traffic within a traffic class by using a virtual path for the class and deterministic multiplexing of different virtual paths, and on providing dynamic bandwidth and reconfigurability through virtual path concept depending on traffic load during the course of the day. In this paper, we discuss in detail, a multi-hour, multi-traffic class network (capacity) design model for providing specified quality-of-service in such dynamically reconfigurable networks. This is done based on the observation that statistical multiplexing of virtual circuits for a traffic class in a virtual path, and the deterministic multiplexing of different virtual paths leads to decoupling of the network dimensioning problem into the bandwidth estimation problem and the combined virtual path routing and capacity design problem. We discuss how bandwidth estimation can be done, then how the design problem can be solved by a decomposition algorithm by looking at the dual problem and using subgradient optimization. We provide computational results for realistic network traffic data to show the effectiveness of our approach. We show for the test problems considered, our approach does between 6% to 20% better than a local shortest-path heuristic. We also show that considering network dynamism through variation of traffic during the course of a day by doing dynamic bandwidth and virtual path reconfiguration can save between 10% and 14% in network design costs compared to a static network based on maximum busy hour traffic     

Performance analysis of the ATM shuffleout switch under arbitrarynonuniform traffic patterns

Shuffleout is a blocking multistage asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch using shortest path routing with deflection, in which output queues are connected to all the stages. This paper describes a model for the performance evaluation of the shuffleout switch under arbitrary nonuniform traffic patterns. The analytical model that has been developed computes the load distribution on each interstage link by properly taking into account the switch inlet on which the packet has been received and the switch outlet the packet is addressing. Such a model allows the computation not only of the average load per stage but also its distribution over the different links belonging to the interstage pattern for each switch input/output pair. Different classes of nonuniform traffic patterns have been identified and for each of them the traffic performance of the switch is evaluated by thus emphasizing the evaluation of the network unfairness     

异构认知网络环境下的动态分级资源管理方法

针对异构认知网络中的资源管理问题,提出了基于认知的动态分级资源管理方法(DHRM)。根据不同时间尺度,引入小波神经网络、基于维纳过程的预测方法和增强学习算法获得业务分布变化、切换呼叫资源需求量以及用户喜好等信息,从而动态调配异构多网络各级可用资源。在资源合理分配基础上,根据各网络实时状态以及用户喜好,通过多属性决策算法动态地将业务流分配到最佳接入网络中。仿真结果表明,DHRM相对于网间静态资源管理方法系统容量提高了约20%。     

Traffic analysis of large TST networks

The traffic performance of time-space-time (TST) switching networks built from large time-switching stages used in digital switching systems is discussed. These switching networks exhibit steep load-service characteristics and present new numerical problems for traffic performance evaluation. The precise numerical calculation of switch blocking and the amount of search effort needed to find a network path are addressed. Computational efficiency and robustness are emphasized. The approach is based on a familiar model that uses state-dependent transitions in formulating the balance equations. A comparative study with traditional methods illustrates the numerical gains to be made for switching networks of arbitrary size     

基于全注意力机制的多步网络流量预测

预测资源分配能有效利用无线网络的剩余资源服务非实时业务,其中的关键问题之一是剩余资源的预测,可转化为实时业务流量预测问题。本文把面向自然语言处理提出的全注意力机制引入到时间序列预测问题中,预测未来分钟级时间窗内秒级的流量,通过在每秒记录的实测流量数据集上进行训练和测试,与其他基于循环神经网络和线性、非线性预测模型的方法在复杂度（由训练和测试时间衡量）、预测精度（由平均相对百分比误差衡量）和预测误差统计特性（由预测误差的均值和标准差衡量）等方面进行比较。研究结果表明,与无注意力机制的循环神经网络相比,所设计的基于全注意力机制的方法计算复杂度低,由于多步预测的累积误差,在预测精度方面增益不明显。      

Workload Prediction Based Virtual Machine Migration and Optimal Switching Strategy for Cloud Power Management

Virtual Machine (VM) Migration has been popular nowadays, as it helps to balance the load effectively. Various VM migration-based approaches are modeled for better VM placement but remain the challenge because of inappropriate load balancing. Thus, workload prediction-based VM migration is introduced to improve the energy efficiency of the system. Importantly, load prediction is very important to enhance resource allocation and utilization. Chaotic Fruitfly Rider Neural Network is devised by combining Rider neural network and chaotic Fruitfly optimization algorithm to predict load. Moreover, the fitness for predicting the load is based on old-time load, resource constraint, and network parameters. Once the load is predicted, the power optimization is performed using VM migration and optimal switching strategy. When the load is found overloaded, the VM migration is performed using the proposed Harris Hawks spider monkey optimization (HHSMO). Thus, the optimal finding of VM for executing the removed task is found out using the proposed HHSMO. The fitness function utilized for the VM migration is based on power, load, and resource parameter. If the load predicted is underloaded, the optimal switch ON/OFF is done optimally by switch ON/OFF the servers using the proposed HHSMO algorithm. Through the migration and switching strategy, the power consumption is optimized. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in terms of power consumption, load, and resource utilization. The proposed HHSMO achieves the minimal power consumption of 0.0181, the minimal load of 0.002, and the minimal resource utilization of 0.0376.