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综合运用图解法、格鲁布斯检验法、夏皮洛-威尔克检验法等,对地下水化学特征及地下水环境背景值进行分析与计算。研究结果表明:伊犁河谷平原区地下水阳离子以Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)为主,阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,地下水主要水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3-Ca-Mg、HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Mg;该区地下水化学成分的形成以溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用为主,还与人类活动有关。地下水化学元素分布类型以对数正态分布为主,正态分布较少,无偏态分布类型。研究结果对该区地下水的环境影响分析和预测,判断环境污染程度及评定环境质量的优劣,合理开发利用地下水资源具有重要意义。 相似文献
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盐池北部高氟地下水的分布规律及其影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着宁东能源化工基地的建设,对能源基地后备区集中供水水源地地下水水质的研究显得极为迫切和必要。利用盐池县北部不同深度86件地下水样品氟含量测试结果,探讨了高氟地下水的空间分布规律,结合地形地貌、地层岩性、水文地质条件和水化学特征对高氟地下水分布的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,高氟地下水的平面分布受地形地貌控制,即汇水洼地和基岩梁岗的地下水氟含量高,风积沙带的氟含量低;在垂向上,受地下水循环更替速率影响,第四系风积砂和环河组100~200m地下水的氟含量较低;白垩系环河组砂泥岩中氟含量较高是高氟地下水的直接原因,四周封闭的洼地地貌形成强烈的蒸发积盐环境,是大面积高氟地下水形成的主要原因;弱碱性、高TDS和SO4·Cl-Na型水等水化学特征,有利于地下水中氟的富集。 相似文献
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为了提高大区域地下水流数值模拟模型的可靠性,以那陵格勒河冲洪积扇地区为例,建立了水文地质概念模型和地下水三维非稳定流数学模型,采用试错法调整水文地质参数并保持其在合理范围内。然后,从地下水位、泉流量、溢出带位置以及地下水均衡状态等四项指标,对模型的识别与验证效果进行评价,仅当全部校正指标的模拟结果与实测数据均有良好拟合表现时,方能通过模型校正。模型校正结果表明:识别期观测孔水位趋势拟合表现良好,水位拟合误差符合正态分布;模型计算的泉流量为2.2×108m~3/年,处于推测合理范围内;溢出带拟合与遥感图上的天然地下水溢出带位置基本一致;计算得区域地下水补给量为7.61×108m~3/年(其中河流入渗占99.58%),排泄量为7.07×108m~3/年(泉排泄和蒸发分别占31.28%和36.51%)。研究成果对描述区域地下水资源演化特征及地下水与生态环境的相互作用关系具有参考价值。 相似文献
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近年来,鲁中南地区岩溶地下水泉水流量衰减、干涸,水源地超采,岩溶塌陷等环境地质问题日益凸显,迫切需要加强研究。以泰安纸坊泉域为例,探讨了泉域内岩溶水强径流带分布、成因类型及典型水文地质特征,以达到合理开发、保护岩溶地下水的可行性。结果表明,岩溶水强径流带是有巨大调蓄功能并发育于浅部地下水积极交替带的网络状强岩溶富水带,其地下水动态稳定,成井率高且识别特征明显,是本区岩溶水水源地开采的理想场所。研究强径流带系统的水文地质条件,掌握其规律,为进一步研究鲁中南地区岩溶地下水提供了一条有效途径。 相似文献
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新疆奎屯河流域是我国地下水受砷影响较为严重的一个区域,为了查明该区地下水中砷的空间分布特征及砷含量异常的原因,于2017年在研究区采集地表水、潜水和承压水样品51组,2019年在典型高砷区采集承压水样品16组,2个钻孔沉积物样品45组。通过地下水及沉积物的测试分析、数理统计等方法对研究区高砷地下水的空间分布特征及砷含量异常的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:水平方向上,砷浓度从南向北逐渐升高,与海拔呈负相关;垂直方向上,高砷地下水主要分布在>80 m深层含水层中。地下水中砷含量空间分布与古地理环境、地形地貌、封闭的地质、干旱的气候等自然地理条件有关;地下水砷含量分布异常主要有3个原因,即高pH值、高HCO3-、低Eh的地下水环境,沉积物的粒径、色度、局部沉积环境,施用含砷农药、化肥的人为活动。研究成果可为奎屯河流域地下水砷富集机制的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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基于人民胜利渠灌区丰、枯水期各22组水样,运用Q型聚类分析及主成分分析方法,研究了灌区地下水水化学时空分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:研究区丰、枯水期地下水空间分带性明显,可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个区域,Ⅰ区主要分布于古黄河滩地及其以东地区,Ⅱ区主要分布于古黄河背河洼地及其以西地区;Ⅰ区阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,水化学组分空间分布差异相对较小,水化学特征主要受地质条件影响;Ⅱ区阴离子以SO_4~(2-)为主,水化学组分空间分布差异相对较大,水化学特征除受地质条件影响外,受水环境酸碱状况及人为污染影响较大。 相似文献
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塞海湖水库库首岩溶渗漏问题研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在复杂岩溶区修建水库,对水库渗漏问题进行分析评价是前期勘察的关键,往往需要采用多种方法进行综合分析研究。为论证强岩溶区拟建塞海湖水库的渗漏条件,采取岩溶泉井调查、地下水示踪试验、河段及岩溶泉流量观测、地质钻探、物探等多种方法,最终查明了拟建塞海湖水库库首的岩溶水文地质条件,论证了塞海湖水库的主要岩溶渗漏通道,结果表明现阶段塞海湖地区不宜建坝成库。 相似文献
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依据关中盆地内487组水质检测数据,在深入分析关中盆地地下水流场、补给径流排泄条件和地下水环境状况的基础上,对研究区进行了较为详细的地下水环境单元划分,运用迭代标准差法和计算分布函数法,求取了关中盆地潜水主要常量组分K~++Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-、TDS的环境背景值,分析了各组分背景值的空间分布规律及形成因素。结果表明:地下水补、径、排条件和水文地球化学作用对区内主要常量组分背景值的空间分布起主要控制作用,其中区内阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,阳离子渭河北岸以K~++Na~+为主,渭河南岸以Ca~(2+)为主;在渭河以北地区水文地球化学作用主要以矿化和蒸发浓缩作用为主,渭河以南地区以溶滤作用为主。其结果为关中盆地地下水污染评价、水资源开发与保护等提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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托克托县潜水氮化物浓度空间分布及其成因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《人民黄河》2016,(8):73-76
在区域自然地理和水文地质条件分析的基础上,对呼和浩特市托克托县潜水的pH值、氧化还原电位(Eh)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮6项指标的相关性进行了分析,结果表明:地下水中氨氮浓度与Eh值呈负相关关系,与CODMn浓度呈正相关关系。结合区域地下水流动系统特征,揭示了潜水中NH3-N,NO2-N,NO3-N的浓度空间分布特征及变化的原因:地下水的补、径、排特征控制着区域潜水的氧化还原环境,由补给区到排泄区氧化还原电位呈逐渐降低趋势;受地下水所处氧化还原环境影响,东南部地下水补给区潜水中硝态氮浓度普遍较高,氨氮浓度普遍较低,向西至大黑河沿岸硝态氮浓度逐渐降低,而氨氮浓度相对升高;牧业养殖废水和废物的无序排放是局部区域地下水中氮化物含量异常升高的主要原因。 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献
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简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式,分析其原因,提出了相应的处理方法及措施,并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。 相似文献