基于AT89S52的家庭智能浇花器的设计

设计了家庭智能浇花器,实现花卉的自动浇水.利用单片机实现自动浇花,根据不同的花种,设置了不同的控制方式,即定时定量浇花方式与根据湿度浇花.定时定量浇花是实现每天在规定的时间自动打开电磁阀浇花,根据不同的花卉所需水量不同,用一个按钮来设置浇花时间的长短,即电磁阀打开的时间,其余时间电磁阀闭合,水流不经过;根据湿度控制浇花...     

Control of polishing of diamond films using microactuation and an atmospheric pressure plasma

In this work, the diamond deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is polished using an atmospheric pressure plasma. In order to position the film relative to the plasma, a microactuator system is designed using a stack of domed piezoelectric actuators. A dynamic model based on the physical system is developed and the model parameters are measured experimentally. A system based on laser triangulation is used to measure the position of the diamond film relative to the plasma. Control techniques are used to reduce the oscillations during actuation and to eliminate the steady state positioning error. With the application of feedback control, the overshoot is reduced to 2% and the settling time is reduced to 0.3 s. A preliminary set of experiments is performed to relate process parameters to the final surface roughness of the diamond film. The parameters studied include the film's time of exposure to the plasma, the height of the film relative to the plasma, and the distance from the film to the center of the plasma. It is found that the optimum exposure time is 15 min and the reduction of surface roughness is greatest when the distance between the film and the plasma is at a minimum. The best results are obtained when the top of the film is even in elevation with the tip of the top electrode. The diamond film is translated laterally along the plasma. When feedback control is not used, there is no change in the surface roughness. With feedback control implemented, the surface roughness of the diamond film is reduced by 33%.     

基于Linux操作系统下串口调试助手的设计

为了方便在Linux操作系统下进行串口调试以及能在嵌入式系统开发板上直观地观察到串行数据传输,在Redhad 9.0下的Qt Designer编程环境下设计了串口调试助手。首先在Qt下以一种图形化的编程方式完成串口调试助手界面的设计,再将其生成源代码,然后在源代码中添加串口驱动,完成串口调试助手的设计。经实践证明,该串口调试助手在Redhad 9.0操作系统上运行良好。利用交叉编译程序将其移植到S3C2410的Linux 2.4上后也能够正常运行极大地方便了调试工作。     

图像边缘提取的定位误差产生机理分析

本文分析了使用Dmarr的LOG方法检测图像边缘时,零交叉点定位误差的产生机理,指明边缘中心邻域关于边缘中心不对称是造成零交叉点定位误差的主要原因,各类边缘的零交叉点是否定位准确与噪声存在与否并无直接的联系,关键在于噪声是否破坏了边缘相对其中心的奇函数特性。     

位相板紧贴全息图的加密记录

本文提出紧贴加密的新方法,将加密位相板紧贴全息干版,使全息记录的物光和参考光同时获得位相调制,不但提高了全息图的防伪能力,而且由于位相板紧贴全息图,解密时对位相板只需进行二维甚至一维的调节,即可获得原物光的共轭再现,避免了对位相板繁琐的多维复原调节,增强了实用性。     

一种条件概率与遗传算法相结合的分类方法

数据挖掘就是从大量数据中发现以前未知的有用信息、模式、趋势的过程。分类是数据挖掘的一种主要方法。文章指出分类的实质是找出各属性对分类的贡献大小，然后采用分而治之的思想，先用条件概率的方法计算单个属性对分类的贡献，再利用遗传算法计算各属性对分类的重要程度，提出了条件概率与遗传算法相结合的分类方法，利用UCI数据集进行验证，并与相同条件下的其它分类方法进行了比较，实验表明该方法是一种简单有效的分类方法。     

基于椭圆斑点序列图像估测清晰成像的方法

采用透镜成像的单目视觉测量模型进行位移测量时,需要知道清晰成像斑点的中心坐标.当物体发生位移时,为了获取清晰成像斑点,需要调整透镜位置,使其服从透镜成像规律.但是由于透镜制造缺陷,其焦点不是理想的一个点,而是一段小区域,当成像接近清晰时,通过微动调整透镜位置,成像清晰程度基本不变,这就是成像的不敏感区域,又称死区,因此...     

The constrained total least squares technique and its applicationsto harmonic superresolution

The constrained total least squares (CTLS) method is a natural extension of TLS to the case when the noise components of the coefficients are algebraically related. The CTLS technique is developed, and some of its applications to superresolution harmonic analysis are presented. The CTLS problem is reduced to an unconstrained minimization problem over a small set of variables. A perturbation analysis of the CTLS solution is derived, and from it the root mean-square error (RMSE) of the CTLS solution, which is valid for small noise levels, is obtained in closed form. The complex version of the Newton method is derived and applied to determine the CTLS solution. It is also shown that the CTLS problem is equivalent to a constrained parameter maximum-likelihood problem. The CTLS technique is applied to estimate the frequencies of sinusoids in white noise and the angle of arrival of narrowband wavefronts at a linear uniform array. In both cases the CTLS method shows superior or similar accuracy to other advanced techniques     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的超紧耦合GPS/INS组合导航系统设计

提出了一种组合导航设计方案,通过将滤波器得到的多普勒频移信号反馈给GPS接收机跟踪环,实现了超紧耦合,提高了组合导航系统在高动态和干扰条件下的性能.采用了非线性动态模型并对其进行了线性化,提高了导航精度并减小系统计算量;应用用一阶高斯马尔可夫模型描述不同的惯性传感器误差,最后给出了扩展卡尔曼滤波器的具体算法.     

Push forward link-level scheduling for network-wide performance

A virtual circuit network with arbitrary topology is considered. The traffic streams follow prespecified routes, different in general for each stream, to reach their destination. A fluid traffic model is adopted and a processor sharing service discipline is considered. A policy is proposed for setting adaptively the fractions of the transmission capacity, which is allocated to the different traffic streams in the processor sharing discipline at each link. The amount of traffic arrived at the originating node of each link is measured for each stream. The fraction of the link capacity allocated to each stream is set to be proportional to the measured traffic. The traffic is measured continuously and the fractions are updated regularly based on the most recent traffic measurements. It is shown that eventually, the transmission capacity allocated to each stream converges to a quantity proportional to the average rate of the stream. Hence, if the capacity condition is satisfied, sufficient fractions of the capacity are allocated at each link for each stream. End-to-end performance guarantees are provided, if the traffic is regulated. The policy is distributed since each link adjusts the service fractions based on observations of the traffic arriving at its originating node only. Furthermore, it is adaptive since no information on the traffic characteristics is needed for the application of the policy     

集成计数器74LS161的逻辑功能扩展

MSI可编程计数器74LS161是同步二进制加法计数器,常规使用是构成各种不同进制的加法计数器。文中探讨了MSI可编程计数器74LS161的逻辑功能扩展问题,目的是探索MSI可编程计数器进行非常规使用改变应用方向的逻辑修改技术,即对可编程计数器74LS161的状态输出进行逻辑修改,改变计数规律,将状态输出反馈到预置数输入端实现“次态一预置数”的时序关系,从而实现逻辑功能扩展。所述方法的创新点是提出了MSI可编程计数器改变应用方向的逻辑修改方法。     

A New Method Modifying Single Miller Feedforward Frequency Compensation to Drive Large Capacitive Loads: Putting an Attenuator in the Path

A new method to compensate three-stage amplifier to drive large capacitive loads is proposed in this paper. Gain Bandwidth Product is increased due to use an attenuator in the path of miller compensation capacitor. Analysis demonstrates that the gain bandwidth product will be improved significantly without using large compensation capacitor. Using a feedforward path is deployed to control a left half plane zero which is able to cancel out first non-dominant pole. A three stage amplifier is simulated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The purpose of the design is to compensate three-stage amplifier loading 1000 pF capacitive load. The simulated amplifier with a 1000 pF capacitive load is performed in 3.3 MHz gain bandwidth product, and phase margin of 50. The compensation capacitor is reduced extremely compared to conventional nested miller compensation methods. Since transconductance of each stage is not distinct, and it is close to one another; as a result, this method is suitable low power design methodology.     

Design of differential power analysis resistant crypto chip based on time randomization

Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is an effective attack method to break the crypto chips and it has been considered to be a threat to security of information system. With analyzing the principle of resist-ing DPA, an available countermeasure based on randomization is proposed in this paper. Time delay is in-serted in the operation process and random number is precharged to the circuit during the delay time, the normal schedule is disturbed and the power is randomized. Following this methodology, a general DPA re-sistance random precharge architecture is proposed and DES algorithm following this architecture is imple-mented. This countermeasure is testified to be efficient to resist DPA.     

Optimization of two-dimensional radome boresight error performanceusing simulated annealing technique

A systematic approach to radome design is presented. The problem is formulated as a global optimization procedure such that the radome performance is optimized by properly adjusting the thickness of the radome layer over the entire radome surface. In this approach the thickness profile is parameterized via B-splines representation. Simulated annealing technique is applied to finding the best thickness profile so that the maximum boresight error is reduced to as small as possible over the entire range of the antenna look angle. A two-dimensional design example is given. The best possible thickness profile is found and the boresight error is reduced considerably compared to that due to a uniform layer. The method is general and can be applied without difficulty to other realistic three-dimensional radomes of arbitrary shapes     

An approximate model for boron drive diffusions in oxidizing ambients

The linear diffusion equation may be transformed to a moving reference frame which corresponds to a linear-parabolic or experimental oxide growth law. The resulting partial differential equation is separable and may be Laplace transformed. If the initial distribution is piecewise constant the solutions may be written in terms of Kummer functions in the transform domain. Use is made of this fact for a drive diffusion in an oxidizing ambient. The initial distribution is approximated by a rectangle and a two-region solution is used to determine all coefficients.The inversion of the solution to the time domain is accomplished by numerical residue techniques. The amount of boron which is lost to the oxide is computed and approximate relationships are given which allow its computation without the aid of a computer. It is found that boron leaching is controlled by the first few minutes of oxidation and may involve as much as 90% of the boron due to the deposition. Experimental data is presented which supports the theory.     

Optical Waveguides with Noninteracting Beam-Slope Stabilizers

Ray position in slope-controlled waveguides is studied. A linear combination of three consecutive position measurements is used to calculate the slope error of the middle lens. This is the error input to the middle lens positioning system. Independent lens correction results and thus a decoupling of space and time response is achieved. The system is shown to be stable. Overshoot in the transient response due to cross coupling between controllers is eliminated. Performance is compared to that of the position-controlled waveguide. Computer simulations indicate that the system is stable in the presence of statistical parameter variations.     

Contrast independent motion detection using 'inverse pair' spatio-temporal edge detectors

Detection of motion by methods such as background differencing is bedevilled by noise-induced changes which can appear as motion signals. It is therefore important to have methods which extract motion in a more fundamental way. To achieve this it is necessary to remember that motion is a spatio-temporal (3D) phenomenon. This problem is approached by applying 'inverse pair' filters, the outputs of which are combined to give a response which is invariant to contrast. The output response is also invariant to direction of motion within the image.     

Rehoming Strategies for a Relief Toll Machine

When an existing toll machine exhausts and a relief toll machine is added, rehoming of existing trunk groups is necessary. The intent of this paper is to determine rehoming programs whereby the present worth of the total trunk rearrangement cost is minimized while the total number of trunks to be rearranged at any stage of the program is constrained to lie within specified lower and upper limits. The rehoming program will specify the amounts of trunks to be rearranged and their corresponding timings for the rearrangements to take place. It is found that the choice of a proper rehoming strategy is critically dependent on the relative magnitude of the monetary discount rate compared to the traffic growth rate. When the discount rate matches the growth rate, any feasible rehoming strategy for any type of existing and relief machines is appropriate. If the discount rate is lower than the growth rate, it is more economical to rehome the maximum allowable amount of trunks as early as possible. On the other hand, if the discount rate is higher than the growth rate, the rehoming strategy is completely reversed. This case calls for a delay of as much rehoming as possible. However, the number of trunks to be rearranged during each stage of the rehoming program is bounded by the specified minimum allowable limit.     

一种新颖的BUCK型DC-DC芯片的抗振铃电路

典型的集成Buck型DC-DC变换器,其电感只有一端接入芯片,无法在芯片内部采用Boost型DC-DC在电感两端直接并联电阻的方法进行振铃的快速衰减.文中设计了一种新颖的适用于Buck型DC-DC的抗振铃电路,在芯片内部采用一个线性时变电阻网络将电感的一端与芯片的电源(或地)之间进行连接.进行振铃衰减时,起初电阻较小,振铃衰减很快,但直流电流较大;随着振铃的减弱,逐渐增大电阻以减小直流电流,当振铃结束且直流电流很小时完全断开电阻.这样既达到抗振铃的目的,又不会引起持续的直流放电.采用此电路的一款DC-DC已在韩国Hynix公司的0.5 μ m CMOS工艺线投片,测试结果证明抗振铃效果良好.     

Fractional brownian motion: a maximum likelihood estimator and its application to image texture

Fractals have been shown to be useful in characterizing texture in a variety of contexts. Use of this methodology normally involves measurement of a parameter H, which is directly related to fractal dimension. In this work the basic theory of fractional Brownian motion is extended to the discrete case. It is shown that the power spectral density of such a discrete process is only approximately proportional to |f|a instead of in direct proportion as in the continuous case. An asymptotic Cramer-Rao bound is derived for the variance of an estimate of H. Subsequently, a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is developed to estimate H. It is shown that the variance of this estimator nearly achieves the minimum bound. A generation algorithm for discrete fractional motion is presented and used to demonstrate the capabilities of the MLE when the discrete fractional Brownian process is contaminated with additive Gaussian noise. The results show that even at signal-to-noise ratios of 30 dB, significant errors in estimation of H can result when noise is present. The MLE is then applied to X-ray images of the human calcaneus to demonstrate how the line-to-line formulation can be applied to the two-dimensional case. These results indicate that it has strong potential for quantifying texture.