基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器的研究及进展

对国内外已报道的基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器进行了综述。总结了多种基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器,包括应力、温度、微弯、扭曲和气压传感器。介绍了各种传感器的原理和优势,并对基于光子晶体光纤环镜的光纤传感器的发展进行了展望。     

激光威胁告警中传感器技术的应用与分析

随着激光武器的发展,激光告警系统变得极其重要,而在激光告警系统中最关键的部件是传感器。按激光告警中传感器组成形式进行了分类并介绍了其组成结构。对于激光告警中的复合传感器技术、CCD型离轴传感器技术、干涉型光纤传感器、集成传感器、多传感器进行了深入的探讨。最后简要分析了传感器的发展趋势。     

Notes on the dynamic behavior of hysteretic devices

A large class of sensors has nonlinear input-output characteristics; the task of addressing their dynamic behavior is very interesting. These sensors include magnetic field sensors (fluxgate sensors), SQUID devices, ferroelectric sensors, and mechanical sensors made of piezoelectric materials. Over the past few years there has been increasing interest in the sensing properties of ferroelectric devices based on piezoelectric, dielectric, and conduction phenomena. The principal types of sensors are infrared sensors, pressure sensors, force and motion sensors, flow sensors, hydrophones, ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging, and material testing and temperature sensors. Several application fields are automotive, aerospace, communications, and environmental monitoring. Nonvolatile random access memories are another field of application. A conceptual understanding of switching dynamics for these devices is of scientific and technological interest and requires experiments to observe their static and dynamic behavior and to develop suitable models. In the field of measurement devices, for example, the design of sensors and actuators requires the use of efficient models. This emphasizes the need for both models and user friendly experimental setup allowing for the characterization of such classes of devices. Following sections describe the behavior of a ferroelectric device and an innovative analytical model aimed to predict its dynamics.     

基于石墨烯压阻效应的压力传感器研究进展

与传统的硅阻型压力传感器、陶瓷型压力传感器相比,石墨烯压力传感器具有测量灵敏度更高、测量范围更广的优点。对几种石墨烯压力传感器的研究进展进行综述。根据制作工艺的不同,将石墨烯压力传感器分为单层型和多层型。根据两大类型,列举最近六种石墨烯压力传感器的基本制作过程和测量范围、检测灵敏度等特性。根据六种石墨烯压力传感器的对比结果,得到单层型与多层型石墨烯压力传感器的不同工作特性及应用环境。针对单层型和多层型石墨烯传感器,分别提出提高性能的可行方案,对此类传感器的实际应用与推广具有一定的指导意义。     

Optical fibre nanotaper sensors

This paper reviews the work carried out in the recent years on sensors which exploit optical fibre nanotapers (OFN). After a brief introduction on the morphology, fabrication and properties of OFN, this paper will review the various OFN sensors. This type of sensors are extremely compact and relatively robust, are usually unperturbed by electromagnetic interference and can be interrogated remotely. In this review sensors will be grouped in three categories according to their morphology: linear sensors, resonant sensors and tip sensors. While linear and resonant sensors exploit the fraction of power propagating in the evanescent field (outside the nanotaper physical boundary), tip sensors exploit light confined within the nanotaper to excite/detect variations within a very limited area.     

Current status of micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors

Recently developed micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors, with particular reference to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensors and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors are reviewed. SPR fiber sensors can have diverse structures such as D-shape, cladding-off, fiber tip or tapered fiber structures. Some of the recently developed novel structures include the use of various types of fiber gratings in SPR fiber sensors. PCF sensors cover diverse recent developments on photonic-bandgap fiber, holey fiber, hole-assisted fiber and Bragg fiber sensors. Major applications of these include gas sensors and bio-sensors. These micro- and nano-structured fiber sensors have attracted considerable research and development interest, because of their distinct advantages, which include high sensitivity, small sensor head footprint and the flexibility of the optical fibers. They are also of academic interest, and many novel ideas are continuously developed.     

Hybrid Sensor Calibration Scheme for Mobile Crowdsensing–Based City‐Scale Environmental Measurements

In this paper, we propose a hybrid sensor calibration scheme for mobile crowdsensing applications. As the number of newly produced mobile devices containing embedded sensors continues to rise, the potential to use mobile devices as a sensor data source increases. However, because mobile device sensors are generally of a lower performance and cost than dedicated sensors, sensor calibration is crucial. To enable more accurate measurements of natural phenomena through the use of mobile device sensors, we propose a hybrid sensor calibration scheme for such sensors; the scheme makes use of mobile device sensors and existing sensing infrastructure, such as weather stations, to obtain dense data. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme supports low mean square errors. As a practical application of our proposed scheme, we built a temperature map of a city using six mobile phone sensors and six reference sensors. Thanks to the mobility of the sensors and the proposed scheme, our map presents more detailed information than infrastructure‐based measurements.     

用于臭氧技术产品中的传感器

简述了传感器在臭氧技术产品中的应用。对臭氧技术产品中使用最多的温度传感器、光传感器和红外遥控技术的工作原理进行了详述。进一步对应用于臭氧技术产品中的传感器进行了分类,并对压力式温度传感器、热敏传感器、双金属热保护器、热聚合开关、光敏二极管和红外遥控技术的工作原理、使用场所进行了逐一介绍。设计了几个使用这些传感器来对臭氧产品进行控制的控制电路。     

Wide-Dynamic-Range CMOS Image Sensors—Comparative Performance Analysis

A large variety of solutions for widening the dynamic range (DR) of CMOS image sensors has been proposed throughout the years. We propose a set of criteria upon which an effective comparative analysis of the performance of wide-DR (WDR) sensors can be done. Sensors for WDR are divided into seven categories: 1) companding sensors; 2) multimode sensors; 3) clipping sensors; 4) frequency-based sensors; 5) time-to-saturation (time-to-first spike) sensors; 6) global-control-over-the-integration-time sensors; and 7) autonomous-control-over-the-integration-time sensors. The comparative analysis for each category is based upon the quantitative assessments of the following parameters: signal-to-noise ratio, DR extension, noise floor, minimal transistor count, and sensitivity. These parameters are assessed using consistent assumptions and definitions, which are common to all WDR sensor categories. The advantages and disadvantages of each category in the sense of power consumption and data rate are discussed qualitatively. The influence of technology advancements on the proposed set of criteria is discussed as well.     

陶瓷传感器及应用

阐述了传感器的作用及在国民经济发展中占有的位置;介绍了利用陶瓷材料的功能制作的各种类型的陶瓷传感器及其应用.对湿度传感器、气体传感器、超声波传感器进行了市场预测.     

Microfabricated amperometric gas sensors

A series of Nafion-based amperometric gas sensors have been constructed using microelectronic fabrication technology. These sensors use a gold sensing-electrode in the shape of a square grid. Three different grid densities were used. To ascertain the optimal design parameters for such sensors, the response characteristics of the various microfabricated sensors were compared to each other and to a conventional `macro' amperometric sensor. The critical performance criteria considered were sensor response time, structural integrity under operating conditions, selectivity, and sensitivity to the analyte vapor. The response time of the miniaturized sensors was over an order of magnitude faster, although they had a lower sensitivity than conventional sensors. The sensitivity of these sensors was dependent on the total length of the gold-Nafion interface. A model that rationalizes this dependence is presented     

Ein schnell messendes Laser-Speckle-Extensometer zur Bestimmung von statischen und dynamischen Materialparametern

In order to increase the measurement rate of so far in use laser straining sensors an absolutely new type of sensors has been developed. These sensors are based on Fourier optical data pre-processing. In this paper advantages and disadvantages of these Fourier optical sensors are discussed.     

分布式光纤传感器在数字油田应用中的研究进展

分布式光纤传感器根据其原理可以分为瑞利散射分布式光纤传感器,拉曼散射分布式光纤传感器以及布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器。分布式光纤传感器因具有测量范围宽,测距长,高灵敏度和高精度而得到广泛应用,但它在油田领域的一些应用却相对陌生。本文的目的在于阐述分布式光纤传感器在数字油田应用中的研究进展,反映国内外对这块领域研究的现状,分析各种分布式光纤传感技术的优缺点,以此使得其在数字油田中有更好的应用前景。     

激光对CCD及CMOS图像传感器的损伤阈值研究

针对激光对CCD及CMOS图像传感器的干扰损伤进行了理论分析和实验研究.实验测量出常压及真空条件下1064nm激光对CCD及CMOS图像传感器的干扰阈值、损伤阈值及完全损坏阈值.实验结果表明,CCD或CMOS图像传感器的各种阈值在常压和真空两种不同条件下的差别不明显.实验结果还显示,无论在常压还是在真空条件下,CCD比CMOS更容易受到激光的干扰和损伤甚至严重损坏;而CMOS相机具有很好的抗干扰和抗损伤能力.     

光纤光栅电磁量传感器的应用

详细介绍了光纤光栅电磁量传感器在测量电压、电流以及磁场中的应用,并探讨了在光纤光栅电磁量传感器应用中存在的问题以及解决办法。鉴于它对温度的敏感,给出了减弱或消除温度敏感的方法。综述了近几年国内外在该领域实现温度补偿的相关技术。     

Recent development and applications of polymer optical fiber sensors for strain measurement

This paper presents the characteristics and advantages of polymer optical fiber (POF) sensors compared with common silica optical fiber (SOF) sensors.The development and application of POF sensors for strain measurement are introduced in detail. Because of the recent developments in POF technology, the future of POF sensors is considered optimistic.     

Recent Progress in Advanced Tactile Sensing Technologies for Soft Grippers

Tactile sensing technology is crucial for soft grippers. Soft grippers equipped with intelligent tactile sensing systems based on various sensors can interact safely with the unstructured environments and obtain precise properties of objects (e.g., size and shape). It is essential to develop state-of-the-art sensing technologies for soft grippers to handle different grasping tasks. In this review, the development of tactile sensing techniques for robotic hands is first introduced. Then, the principles and structures of different types of sensors normally adopted in soft grippers, including capacitive tactile sensors, piezoresistive tactile sensors, piezoelectric tactile sensors, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, vision-based tactile sensors, triboelectric tactile sensors, and other advanced sensors developed recently are briefly presented. Furthermore, sensing modalities and methodologies for soft grippers are also described in aspects of force measurement, perception of object properties, slip detection, and fusion of perception. The application scenarios of soft grippers are also summarized based on these advanced sensing technologies. Finally, the challenges of tactile sensing technologies for soft grippers that need to be tackled are discussed and perspectives in addressing these challenges are pointed out.     

“电子电路与传感器实验”课程改革

本文将"电子电路综合设计实验"课进行改革,更新为"电子电路与传感器实验"课程。新的实验课的内容涵盖了传感器基础知识验证性实验和综合设计性实验两大部分,学生通过学习可以在加深对传感器技术感性认识的基础上,通过自行设计制作传感器实用电路,能初步掌握传感器电路综合设计能力。实践表明,新的课程进一步贴近实际生活应用,更好地激发学生的学习兴趣。     

MBE research and production of Hall sensors

The market for magnetic sensors has been growing rapidly. In 1995, Asahi Kasei Electronics (AKE) commercially produced over 800 million InSb high-sensitivity Hall sensors (which amounts to 70%, of the world market) by vacuum deposition. InAs Hall sensors having good noise properties and small temperature dependence have also been developed by mass production molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Further, InAs deep quantum well (InAs DQW) Hall sensors with high sensitivity and good stability under a wide temperature range are opening up new applications of magnetic sensors. Hall sensors have now become an important application for III-V compound semiconductors.     

Method of group polling upon the independent activity of sensors in the monitoring networks

The group polling of sensors aimed at the identification of the active sensors is considered. All of the sensors are independent.