Exploiting capture and interference cancellation for uplink random multiple access in 5G millimeter-wave networks

The forthcoming 5G technology aims to provide massive device connectivity and ultra-high capacity with reduced latency and costs. These features will be enabled by increasing the density of the base stations, using millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, and non-orthogonal multiple access techniques. The ability to support a large number of terminals in a small area is in fact a great challenge to guarantee massive access. In this context, this paper proposes a new receiver model for the uplink of 5G mmWave cellular networks. The receiver, called Iterative Decoding and Interference Cancellation (IDIC), is based on the Slotted Aloha (SA) protocol and exploits the capture effect alongside the successive IC process to resolve packet collisions. A 5G propagation scenario, modeled according to recent mmWave channel measurements, is used to compare IDIC with the widely adopted Contention Resolution Diversity SA (CRDSA) scheme to show the performance gain of IDIC, when elements of practical relevance, like imperfect cancellation and receive power diversity, are considered. The impact of packet and power diversity is also investigated to derive the preferable uplink random access strategy that maximizes the system throughput according to the offered channel load.

     

Smart Backhauling for 5G Heterogeneous Network with Millimeter Wave Backhaul Links to Perform Switching Off,Interference Management and Backhaul Routing

Developments made in the fifth generation (5G) and the cellular networks have greatly influenced the lifestyle of the wireless users. Increased demand on higher data rates has also increased the network traffic. In the viewpoint of cellular networks, several Small Cells (SCs) are combined together with the help of microwave communications and millimeter wave communication models, in order to support the heterogeneous environments. In this paper, we have proposed a hybrid communication framework which can efficiently support the interference management, routings in backhaul links and the joint issue during on/off status of the mobile using 5G mmWave backhaul links. A novel cache-enabled technology is designed to develop backhaul links using heuristic search models. Along with that, an effective data access framework is also formulated using distance based cluster head selection that resolves the interference issues. Without modifying the content of the mobile users, the services are offered to the uses associated with backhaul links. Since a fast iterative model is developed, the throughput rate and the energy savings are maximized. A simulation analysis is carried out with a static number of mobile nodes which has proved the efficiency of the proposed framework.

     

5G毫米波OTA测试技术

毫米波(mmWave)是5G通信关键技术之一,5G将在网络容量、数据速率和时延等方面带来革命性的改进。5G测试从以往传导式测试向空口测试变革。分析了5G毫米波大带宽OTA测试将遇到的挑战及困难,并提出了多种OTA测试关键技术,深入探讨5G毫米波大带宽OTA测试平台构建,完成了对多种设备在毫米波OTA下的整机射频性能测试。     

Stochastic geometry modeling and energy efficiency analysis of millimeter wave cellular networks

Current wireless networks face unprecedented challenges because of the exponentially increasing demand for mobile data and the rapid growth in infrastructure and power consumption. This study investigates the optimal energy efficiency of millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks, given that these networks are some of the most promising 5G-enabling technologies. Based on the stochastic geometry, a mathematical framework of coverage probability is proposed and the optimal energy efficiency is obtained with coverage performance constraints. Numerical results show that increasing the base station density damages coverage performance exceeding the threshold. This work demonstrates an essential understanding of the deployment and dynamic control of energy-efficient mmWave cellular networks.     

Simulation and measurement: Feasibility study of Tactile Internet applications for mmWave virtual reality

Numerous wearable technology companies have recently developed several head‐mounted display (HMD) products for virtual reality (VR) services. 5G wireless networks aim at providing high‐quality 3D multimedia services such as VR, augmented reality, and mixed reality. In this study, we examine the application of millimeter‐wave (mmWave) technology to realize low‐latency wireless communication between an HMD and its content server. However, the propagation characteristics of mmWave present several challenges such as the deafness, blockage, and beam alignment problems, and interference among content servers. In this study, we focus on an environment that provides VR services in the mmWave band and introduce existing techniques for addressing such challenges. In addition, we employ a commercialized IEEE 802.11ad VR dongle to measure the actual data rate of an mmWave VR application and identify the degree to which the performance deteriorates when the above problems occur. Finally, we verify the feasibility of the proposed solutions through a simulation of several VR scenarios in the mmWave band.     

Gradient Based Aura Feature Extraction for Coral Reef Classification

Wireless Personal Communications - Millimeter wave (mmWave) has been regarded as a candidate cellular band for future 5G networks. It exhibits an extension for current cellular bands, where its...     

Performance Analysis of Millimeter Wave SWIPT System Using Ginibre Point Process

This paper deals with the coverage probability analysis of mmWave simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system using stochastic geometry. mmWaves are higher frequency waves results in dense deployment of base stations (BS) leading to a higher data rate. Stochastic geometry provides a mathematical model to the randomly distributed nodes in the network. The Poisson point process (PPP) is the most analytically tractable and widely used model for the location of BSs, but it fails to capture the underlying separation between the BSs of cellular networks. Ginibre point process (GPP) model is used for the repulsion between the two nodes and provides a realistic model compared to PPP. In this paper, mmWave interfering base stations are considered to be GPP for deriving the coverage probability analysis. The proposed model considers the interfering base stations for analyzing the coverage probability. The closed form expression for the coverage probability is derived and is analyzed. The theoretical results are validated through simulation results.

     

Mobility support across hybrid IP-based wireless environment: review of concepts, solutions, and related issues

The 4G or Beyond 3G wireless networks is consist of IP-based heterogeneous access networks from 3G cellular, WiFi, WiMAX to other emerging access technologies such as mesh networks. The key objective of designing the next generation wireless networks is to support of mobile subscribers. To support the mobile host in the hybrid wireless access technologies, many solutions based on network protocol stack have been proposed in the literature. In this article, after review of mobility concepts, a special attention is given to some of the mobility management methods as well as handover techniques across various wireless access networks. We have also compared the major mobility protocols in each layer for their features. Finally, some of the open issues that needed to be addressed in mobility management protocol in the next generation wireless networks are outlined.     

Analysis of Phase Noise Issues in Millimeter Wave Systems for 5G Communications

Many varieties of technologies have been introduced for mobile communication and data traffic plays a major role in each generation of communication systems. 5G is termed as Next Generation Wireless Mobile Networks that has higher bandwidth, maximum spectral efficiency, super-speed connection, minimum energy consumption, when compared to 4G wireless networks. Next Generation of Mobile communication will use mmWave frequency bands for 5G systems. Millimeter wave transmission is one of the greatest technology in 5G mobile communication systems having higher bandwidth. It is also considered to be having high user demands and have a mobile growth in coming years. It is a promising technology having a non-shortage bandwidth and traffic demands. The major drawback in this system is Phase noise, In-phase and Quadrature timing mismatch, PAPR, local oscillator noise and blockage effects. The phase noise occurs due to the imperfections in local oscillators. In this paper, we discuss the Phase noise issues in millimeter wave systems. This review will act as guide for researchers to compare the various emerging phase noise problems and mitigation techniques for future 5G wireless networks.

     

A survey of 5G technologies: regulatory,standardization and industrial perspectives

In recent years, there have been significant developments in the research on 5th Generation (5G) networks. Several enabling technologies are being explored for the 5G mobile system era. The aim is to evolve a cellular network that is intrinsically flexible and remarkably pushes forward the limits of legacy mobile systems across all dimensions of performance metrics. All the stakeholders, such as regulatory bodies, standardization authorities, industrial fora, mobile operators and vendors, must work in unison to bring 5G to fruition. In this paper, we aggregate the 5G-related information coming from the various stakeholders, in order to i) have a comprehensive overview of 5G and ii) to provide a survey of the envisioned 5G technologies; their development thus far from the perspective of those stakeholders will open up new frontiers of services and applications for next-generation wireless networks.     

Modeling and Performance Evaluation of 3G CDMA Networks with Beamforming

The second generation (2G) code-division multiple access (CDMA) IS-95A cellular network has been deployed for almost ten years. Although the system design rules and operating procedures for voice services are well established and understood, these rules and procedures need to be re-examined in light of several technology innovations. These innovations include the launch of third generation (3G) cdma2000 1× high-rate data services and the new research results in interference cancellation, antenna array and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies.We have built a 3G cdma2000 1× cellular simulator, which simulates the physical layer using MATLAB and networking layers using OPNET Modeler, to investigate various design issues of cdma2000 1× networks. This paper explores the use of a simple beamforming model and investigates the effectiveness of deploying antenna array techniques in cdma2000 1× networks. The capacity improvement for CDMA networks using antenna array techniques is evaluated under different deployment scenarios (voice versus data services and various number of antenna elements). Based on the performance evaluation results it is proposed to utilize beamforming as one of the elements in quality of service (QOS) provisioning for data services and to couple antenna arrays with dynamic soft handoff threshold adjustment for further improvement in the system capacity.This paper was presented in part at IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), Los Angeles, CA, USA, Sep. 26–29, 2004.     

5G核心网标准化进展及B5G演进初探

为了给后续B5G核心网技术研究和标准化提供思路,首先介绍了5G核心网的服务化架构,描述了网络切片、边缘计算等关键技术;然后介绍了3GPP R15核心网标准化成果,提出了5G核心网系统架构,并介绍了R16在固移融合、5G LAN、TSN等方向的核心网标准化进展;其次介绍了ITU IMT-2020核心网标准化进展,包括IMT-2020核心网架构,给出了B5G核心网演进思路分析,提出网络极简化、行业专网增强、网络智能化、uRLLC、mMTC、天地一体化等5G核心网演进方向,并提供了3GPP、ITU的B5G核心网标准化最新进展;最后提出B5G核心网技术方案研究和标准化应覆盖全部的主流技术方向,面向未来做好技术能力储备。     

Transport architecture evolution in UMTS/IMT‐2000 cellular networks

Mobile evolution from the second generation (2G) to the third generation (3G) raises several important questions for operators and manufacturers. How to ensure that the old and current investments can still be utilized in the future? What is the optimum architecture? ATM or IP? Voice or data? There is no single correct answer to these questions, as it all depends on individual cases. In this paper, we discuss the transport architecture evolution for the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS)/international mobile telecommunications—year 2000 (IMT‐2000), or 3G cellular networks and interworking aspects between 2G and 3G cellular networks. The interfaces between access nodes in a cellular network and the changes incorporated to support packet data services are described. Emerging services such as mobile data, virtual private networks (VPN) and location aware networking are described. Role of ATM and IP in this new transport architecture is presented. Control and data plane interworking issues between different transport technologies are described. The new ATM standard, ATM adaptation layer type 2 (AAL2) and its applicability for transporting compressed speech in an ATM based cellular network is described. A similar approach in IP, multiplexing in real‐time transport protocol (RTP) payload to transport compressed speech on selective interfaces of 3G network, is introduced. Transport network architecture evolution within four different scenarios is evaluated. Special interest is focused on the protocol stacks and flexible layered solutions that allow smooth migration from one transport technology to another. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Service-aware 6G: An intelligent and open network based on the convergence of communication,computing and caching

With the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), various services are emerging with totally different features and requirements, which cannot be supported by the current fifth generation of mobile cellular networks (5G). The future sixth generation of mobile cellular networks (6G) is expected to have the capability to support new and unknown services with changing requirements. Hence, in addition to enhancing its capability by 10–100 times compared with 5G, 6G should also be intelligent and open to adapt to the ever-changing services in the IoT, which requires a convergence of Communication, Computing and Caching (3C). Based on the analysis of the requirements of new services for 6G, this paper identifies key enabling technologies for an intelligent and open 6G network, all featured with 3C convergence. These technologies cover fundamental and emerging topics, including 3C-based spectrum management, radio channel construction, delay-aware transmission, wireless distributed computing, and network self-evolution. From the detailed analysis of these 3C-based technologies presented in this paper, we can see that although they are promising to enable an intelligent and open 6G, more efforts are needed to realize the expected 6G network.     

5G轻量化核心网总体方案研究与设计

随着全球各行业数字化转型需求的急剧增长以及5G网络标准和技术的逐渐成熟,5G行业专网成为一大研究热点。在分析了5G核心网的架构、网元功能和关键技术后,提出了5G轻量化核心网总体方案的设计,为全面赋能垂直行业,定制部署资源专用、安全可靠的本地化5G专网提供技术参考。     

A Survey on Hybrid, 3D,Interference Mitigation and Secure Data Beamforming Techniques for 5G System

By 2020 world will testimony new archaic Multi-antenna technologies like beamforming along with massive multiple-input multiple-output in 5G system. The cellular networks with 5th Generation (5G) are introduced with the determined aim of supporting a very heterogeneous service mixture, everyone with its individual detailed requirements. It largely leverages a very huge count of independently controllable antennas at the BS, and thereby attains greater enhancement regarding the energy and spectral efficiency. This paper elucidate about the Hybrid Beamforming techniques, 3D beamforming techniques, Interference mitigation between small and macro cell beamforming proficiency and secure data transmission pre-owned in beamforming technologies dispense a comprehensive analysis of all aspect of Beamforming technologies used in 5G systems.

     

Techno-economic Comparison of Cognitive Radio and Software Defined Network (SDN) Cost Models in 5G Networks

5G is anticipated in 2020. In this generation of mobile networks, a great deal of requirements have been set. Although, there are many strong technologies in the telecommunications’ sector they do not respond to the 5G goals. On the other hand, telecommunication operators and providers do not want to invest in new equipment/architectures. Cognitive radio (CR) and software defined networking are two technologies with special and vigorous advantages. In this paper, several technical and economic models are developed. The CR is combined with the Stackelberg game. A sensitivity analysis is implemented and the parameters that impact mostly on the model are pinpointed. It is shown that the CR technology could offer all its fundamental cognitive advantages and even financial profits to the telecommunication companies.

     

Coherent passive optical network for 5G and beyond transport

Building low-latency and high-capacity optical networks is vital for new high-speed cellular technologies. Coherent wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) are expected to play a key role in these applications. In this article, an overview of PON technologies for the 5th generation (5G) transport systems has been given. Moreover, a modified scheme based on coherent WDM-PON has been investigated using a dual polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) transceiver. The aim of the scheme is to build a 1 600 Gbit/s network that will be used in the construction of the transport architecture of 5G and beyond cellular networks either in mobile front haul (MFH) or mobile back haul (MBH). The results indicate that the proposed scheme offers a promising solution for future 5G transport systems.     

An enhanced TCP for upward vertical handoff in integrated WLAN and cellular networks

The integration of wireless local area networks (WLANs) and third generation (3G) cellular networks has been recently a subject of great interest, mainly aimed at augmenting cellular networks with high‐rate data services by WLANs in hotspots. The complementary characteristics of 3G cellular networks and 802.11 WLANs are expected to offer the best of both technologies. On the other hand, the drastically different characteristics of both networks could be a serious obstacle to providing seamless mobility in the integrated WLAN and cellular networks. In particular, mobile users suffer from a drastic decrease in data rate after a vertical handoff from a WLAN to a 3G cellular network. However, current TCP congestion control cannot adapt to the change in the data rate after the vertical handoff, resulting in significant throughput degradation. Thus, we propose a novel TCP scheme to enhance the throughput when a vertical handoff occurs from a WLAN to a cellular network. For the proposed scheme, the throughput performance is investigated via analytic modeling and simulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A tutorial on multiple access technologies for beyond 3G mobile networks

In this article, some fundamental technical concepts of the main multiple access schemes for wireless mobile systems are reviewed, and a path for the development of appropriate multiple access technologies for next-generation mobile networks, or so-called beyond 3G (B3G), is established. We first review the multiple access technologies in second- and third-generation wireless cellular systems from historical and technical points of view. This review is followed by a novel formulization of the multiple access schemes through mathematical expressions that could simplify the process of development of new multiple access schemes for B3G wireless cellular systems. We then list the most important features of multiple access schemes in 3G mobile systems. Finally, we conclude the article by reviewing the most promising multiple access technologies for B3G mobile cellular systems