车辆主动转向和独立驱动集成控制

针对车辆行驶安全的主动控制问题,本文提出一种主动转向和4轮独立驱动的双层集成控制系统.针对所建立的8自由度汽车模型,利用上层控制结构的质心侧偏角—质心侧偏角速度β–■相平面算法,实现对车辆运动状态的确定;利用下层控制结构的滑模变结构和二次规划算法,实现主动转向和驱动力的协调,控制车辆的运行状态.在MATLAB/Simulink下,对集成控制器进行增幅正弦极限工况的仿真,结果显示该集成控制器可将车辆的横摆和侧滑控制在安全的区域内,明显提高极限工况下的车辆稳定性.     

基于轮胎状态刚度预测的极限工况路径跟踪控制研究

为解决高速极限工况下自动驾驶车辆紧急避撞时传统路径跟踪控制方法因轮胎力表达不精确导致的路径跟踪失败问题, 提出一种基于轮胎状态刚度预测的模型预测路径跟踪控制方法. 首先, 基于非线性UniTire轮胎模型求解的轮胎状态刚度对非线性轮胎力进行线性化处理. 其次, 基于期望路径信息提出状态刚度预测方法, 实现预测时域内轮胎力的预测和线性化. 最后, MATLAB和CarSim联合仿真实验表明: 所提出的方法能够明显改善高速极限工况下的避撞控制效果.     

基于Eclipse平台的车辆自适应巡航控制仿真

自适应巡航控制是一种先进的汽车辅助驾驶系统,可以减轻驾驶员的工作量并且可以提高驾驶的便利性和安全性。目前一般都是通过MatLab仿真曲线来检验车辆自适应巡航控制算法的控制效果,但该方式不够直观形象。基于Eclipse平台,用JAVA语言搭建一个具有动态效果的车辆巡航控制仿真平台。该平台可以模拟多种典型驾驶工况,直观有效地展现车辆自适应巡航控制算法的结果。最后,在该仿真平台上设计最优PD控制算法和智能驱动驾驶（IDM）控制算法验证车辆自适应巡航控制结果。结果表明,该Eclipse仿真平台能够有效地模拟多种驾驶工况,且能够直观有效地验证多种车辆自适应巡航控制算法的结果。     

基于模型预测的侧风稳定性主动前轮转向控制研究

受侧风影响,高速行驶的车辆易偏离预定行驶轨迹,增加驾驶员“误操作”的风险,存在较大安全隐患,为此,该文开展了车辆侧风稳定性主动控制研究。该研究通过建立附加气动力作用的三自由度整车动力学模型,设计主动前轮转向的车辆侧风稳定性模型预测控制器,并搭建 Simulink-CarSim 联合仿真平台进行验证分析。结果表明,在单向侧风工况和交变侧风工况下,带侧风稳定控制的车辆最大侧向偏移量为 0.01 m,远低于无控制时的偏移量;横摆角速度平台值保持在“0”左右,横摆角速度峰值最高降低了 80%,极大地提高了车辆的侧风稳定性。     

基于VC的AHS车辆自动驾驶仿真实现

该文结合选定的车辆系统动力学模型,利用VisualC++6.0强大的库函数和内部响应机制实现了一种基于改进型PID算法的汽车自动驾驶仿真。仿真实验结果表明,作用于AHS车辆的控制算法收敛快、超调小,能使车辆根据路况信息和车间状况自动做出校正动作,在多车连锁运行模型中,亦能实现车辆的高速跟驰。     

适用于路径跟踪控制的自适应MPC算法研究

为提高自动驾驶车辆在不同工况下的路径跟踪精度和行驶稳定性,基于车辆的单轨模型和模型预测控制（MPC）理论,提出一种依据跟踪偏差和道路曲率自适应调整成本函数权重系数的路径跟踪控制算法。该算法主要是通过模糊控制理论动态优化传统MPC路径跟踪控制器中权重系数矩阵,使得当车辆与参考路径偏差比较大时,能够快速减小跟踪偏差,保证车辆行驶的安全性;当路径跟踪偏差比较小,且参考路径曲率比较小时,使得系统更加侧重行驶稳定性的要求。为验证所设计的路径跟踪控制器的性能,搭建CarSim/Simulink联合仿真模型,在联合仿真过程中,基于权重系数自适应的MPC路径跟踪控制器与基于权重系数为常量的MPC路径跟踪控制器相比,路径跟踪精度和车辆的行驶稳定性均得到了提高。     

横摆力矩和主动前轮转向结合的车辆横向稳定性模糊控制仿真

提出一种基于横摆力矩和主动前轮转向相结合的车辆横向稳定性控制方法,以横摆角速度和侧偏角为控制目标,利用前馈补偿和模糊控制产生横摆力矩和附加的前轮转角,通过控制制动力的分配以及对转向角的修正,使车辆转向行驶时的横摆角速度和侧偏角很好地跟踪参考模型.对转向轮阶跃输入和正弦输入两种工况分别进行了仿真研究,采用横摆力矩和主动前轮转向相结合控制方法,车辆转向时的瞬态及稳态响应优于单独的横摆力矩控制,表明该方法能有效地控制车辆横摆角速度和侧偏角,提高车辆转向时的横向稳定性,同时能有效地减轻驾驶员操纵负担.     

复杂车路环境下自动驾驶车辆换道仿真研究

自动驾驶车辆换道决策的算法设计对确保自动驾驶车辆的安全平稳运行至关重要.在现有研究基础上,综合考虑了换道车辆与原车道、目标车道前后多辆车的冲突关系,通过引入车辆侵略系数建立复杂路况下的多人动态博弈模型,以寻找自动驾驶车辆在复杂车路环境下的换道决策以及轨迹线规划的最佳策略.随后,通过NGSIM(Next Generation Simulation)数据探究车辆行驶特性,得到车辆侵略系数的准确分布,搭建仿真环境,给出本模型下自动驾驶车辆在不同路况中的策略选择以及对应的轨迹线示意,并将结果与其它模型求得结果进行比较.根据仿真结果,上述算法有效地完成了自动驾驶车辆在复杂车路环境下换道的关键技术问题,可为自动驾驶车辆的换道决策提供一定的技术指导.     

自动驾驶的自适应解析模糊控制方法研究

该文在Michael等人提出的车辆系统动力学模型犤7犦的基础上进行自动驾驶的仿真研究,提出了基于模糊控制的车辆驾驶算法。通过构造自适应的解析模糊控制器,空旷道路的汽车自动驾驶问题得到了较好的解决。该控制算法具有收敛快、超调小,准确调整定位巡航速度并根据路况信息自动矫正方向、沿指定路线前进等特点。这种算法不但可以应用于车辆辅助安全驾驶系统,也可以应用于机器人的自主导航等方面。     

基于时滞特性分析的车辆主动扩稳优化控制

在危险工况下,主动转向与差动制动的协同作用是有效避免车辆失稳情况过早发生的重要手段,然而执行机构的响应滞后导致系统响应精度下降,甚至造成稳定性恶化.针对上述问题,本文分析了各控制输入通道的时滞特性,提出了基于时滞补偿的车辆主动扩稳优化控制方法.首先,建立包含控制输入时滞的车辆系统二自由度动力学模型;其次,应用随机算法设定各控制输入通道的随机时滞,依据β–■相图辨识出满足车辆稳定性条件的时滞边界;然后以跟踪期望横摆角速度和质心侧偏角为控制目标,设计了可同时补偿多通道多尺度时滞的主动扩稳模型预测控制器;最后,基于veDYNA仿真软件,在不同工况下验证了该控制器的有效性.结果表明,本文提出的控制整体框架对各个控制输入通道的有界时滞变化具有自适应性,使得横摆角速度更好地跟踪上期望值,且质心侧偏角相轨迹在相平面的稳定边界内,达到了主动扩稳的目的.     

虚拟轨道列车全轮主动转向控制研究

针对多铰接式虚拟轨道列车的转向问题,基于后车跟随首车行驶轨迹运行的思路,提出了一种全轮主动转向控制方法.首先,利用移位寄存器储存首车的行驶轨迹作为目标路径;其次,根据车体后轴实际路径和目标路径间的横向偏差量,基于PID控制器和Stanley算法确定车体后轮转角,进一步利用阿克曼转向几何原理计算后车前轮的转角;最后,搭建TruckSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台,结合典型工况进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明,本文设计的控制方法有效提高了拖车模块对牵引车模块的跟随性能,减小了车间铰接处的作用力、车体的质心侧偏角和轮胎侧向力,从而提高了列车在转弯时的稳定性.     

四轮转向车辆转向解耦的双点跟踪控制

针对四轮转向(4WS)无人车辆路径跟踪中的过约束问题, 本文提出一种前后轮转向解耦的双点跟踪控制策略. 建立4WS车辆单轨运动学模型, 约束前后轮转向角速度, 规划曲率连续的回旋曲线参考位姿序列, 将其解耦为前后轴中心的双点参考轨迹; 以前后轮中心点为控制点, 采用非线性反馈控制的预瞄方法分别获得转向控制率, 双点跟踪误差指数收敛于0. 仿真和实车验证结果表明, 所提出的双点跟踪控制策略横向误差标准差减少0.2 m, 横摆角误差标准差减小3.0?, 具有更大的前后轮转角控制域和较高的跟踪精度     

Active steering control strategy for articulated vehicles

To improve maneuverability and stability of articulated vehicles, we design an active steering controller, including tractor and trailer controllers, based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory. First, a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) model of the tractor-trailer with steered trailer axles is built. The simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) algorithm is applied to identify the key parameters of the model under specified vehicle speed and steering wheel angle. Thus, the key parameters of the simplified model can be obtained according to the vehicle conditions using an online look-up table and interpolation. Simulation results show that vehicle parameter outputs of the simplified model and TruckSim agree well, thus providing the ideal reference yaw rate for the controller. Then the active steering controller of the tractor and trailer based on LQR is designed to follow the desired yaw rate and minimize their side-slip angle of the center of gravity (CG) at the same time. Finally, simulation tests at both low speed and high speed are conducted based on the TruckSim-Simulink program. The results show significant effects on the active steering controller on improving maneuverability at low speed and lateral stability at high speed for the articulated vehicle. The control strategy is applicable for steering not only along gentle curves but also along sharp curves.     

Disturbance Observer Based Control for Four Wheel Steering Vehicles With Model Reference

This paper presents a disturbance observer based control strategy for four wheel steering systems in order to improve vehicle handling stability. By combination of feedforward control and feedback control, the front and rear wheel steering angles are controlled simultaneously to follow both the desired sideslip angle and the yaw rate of the reference vehicle model. A nonlinear three degree-of-freedom four wheel steering vehicle model containing lateral, yaw and roll motions is built up, which also takes the dynamic effects of crosswind into consideration. The disturbance observer based control method is provided to cope with ignored nonlinear dynamics and to handle exogenous disturbances. Finally, a simulation experiment is carried out, which shows that the proposed four wheel steering vehicle can guarantee handling stability and present strong robustness against external disturbances.      

后轴双电机扭矩矢量控制研究

车辆的横摆响应受到转向系统、悬架系统、制动系统及驱动系统影响,传统车辆主要以转向输入进行主动控制,随着线控底盘的发展,ESC、后轮转向、扭矩矢量等技术逐步参与到车辆横摆的主动控制中;相对于ESC以制动力差产生横摆力矩,扭矩矢量可在不降低总驱动力的前提下产生横摆力矩,不会引起车辆的制动效应;通过后轴双电机扭矩矢量控制（TVC）产生主动横摆力矩,旨在改善车辆横摆响应,TVC采用前馈与反馈结合控制,基于二自由度车辆模型、目标稳态增益K及横摆角速度-速度修正因子K1建立目标横摆角速度;利用车辆模型逆函数计算横摆力矩前馈值,PID计算横摆力矩反馈值,总横摆力矩转换得到左右车轮纵向力调整量;纵向力调整量与驱动力分量叠加获得左右轮总纵向力;左右轮驱动力过大时可能会受到滑移率、电机扭矩等限制,为保证横摆力矩偏差在要求范围内,需要根据限制情况对左右轮纵向力进行调整;通过仿真验证,TVC可明显改变车辆横摆响应     

Yaw Moment Control Strategy for Four Wheel Side Driven EV

When four wheel side driven EV travals in steering or changes lanes in high speed, the vehicle is easy to side-slip or flick due to the difference of wheel hub motor and a direct effect of vehicle nonlinear factors on vehicle yaw motion, which would affect vehicle handling and stability seriously. To solve this problem, a joint control strategy, combined with the linear programming algorithm and improved sliding mode algorithm, which combines the exponential reaching law and saturation function was proposed. Firstly, the vehicle dynamics model and the reference model according with the structure and driving characteristics of four wheel side driven EV were set up. Then, introduced the basic method of the improved sliding mode variable structure control and complete the sliding mode variable structure controller design basic on vehicle sideslip angle and yaw velocity.The controller accomplish optimal allocation of vehicle braking force through a linear programming algorithm, according to yaw moment produced by the vehicle motion state. Single lane driving simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can not only control vehicle sideslip angle and yaw velocity well, but also accomplish good controlling of the vehicle yaw moment, so as to significantly improve the handling and stability of vehicle.     

Studies on improving vehicle handling and lane keeping performance of closed-loop driver–vehicle system with integrated chassis control

This study proposes a new integrated robust model matching chassis controller to improve vehicle handling performance and lane keep ability. The design framework of the H_∞ controller is based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which integrates active rear wheel steering control, longitudinal force compensation and active yaw moment control. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the integrated chassis control system, a closed-loop driver–vehicle system is used. The effectiveness of the integrated controller on handling performance improvement is tested by a vehicle without driver model under a crosswind disturbance. At the same time, both the handling and lane keeping improving performance of the closed-loop driver–vehicle system is evaluated by tracking an S shape winding road. The simulation results reveal that the integrated chassis controller not only achieves preferable handling performance and stability, but also improves the vehicle lane keep ability significantly, and can alleviate the working load of the driver.     

A model predictive control approach for angle tracking of steer-by-wire system with nonlinear transmission ratio

Steer-by-wire for full self-driving vehicles requires rapid angle tracking in the process of steering, making steering system stability paramount. This is particularly challenging for steering wheels accurately without handwheel, for which road feedback information is scarce. While much of the research on steer-by-wire has focused on improving the stability of vehicle dynamics, comparatively little is known about the angle tracking control of steer-by-wire system for full self-driving vehicle. Here, we discuss a series of studies on the steering dynamics model and nonlinear transmission ratio of steering system that, collectively, design an angle tracking approach of how the model predictive control algorithm steers the front wheels precisely. The designed approach has been downloaded into a steering control unit and tested by some steering cycles in a steering test bench to fully realize angle tracking control of steer-by-wire system in practical engineering.     

四轮转向汽车最优转向控制研究

为了充分发挥四轮转向技术在改善汽车操纵稳定性方面的优势,对汽车转向的理想状态进行分析,构建理想转向模型。依据具有二次型性能指标的最优控制理论,以汽车转向理想模型作为跟踪目标,采用基于状态反馈和前轮前馈的控制策略,对四轮转向汽车后轮转向控制规律进行研究。利用Matlab工具,对所提出的后轮转向最优控制方法进行仿真。仿真结果表明：所设计的后轮转角最优控制器改善汽车转向的瞬态与稳态响应特性,其瞬态响应的超调量减少,稳定时间缩短;侧向滑移的稳态值有所降低,从而提高汽车转向的操纵稳定性。     

非独立悬架车辆自激摆振的数值仿真分析

基于一个三自由度的转向系统模型,利用数值仿真方法分析了横拉杆刚度、主销后倾角、转向机刚度、轮胎侧偏刚度、轮胎拖距、转向机阻尼、绕主销当量阻尼等参数对载重汽车自激型摆振的影响.仿真分析的结果表明,上述参数发生变化时,可诱发自激摆振,但车速也是影响摆振的关键因素之一.在确定的系统参数和车速下,初始激励不仅可能诱发稳定的自激摆振,还可能是发散的运动.与受迫型自激摆振不同,自激型摆振的频率变化与车速的变化并不一致.