轨道车辆全寿命周期成本分析流程和应用研究

基于国内轨道车辆制造企业逐渐重视面向成本设计(DFC)的全寿命周期成本(LCC)的需求,提出了一种适用于轨道车辆的面向成本设计的全寿命周期成本的分析流程和方法,并以某新能源车辆的贯通道为例,对上述流程进行了实例验证,经过全寿命周期成本的分析(LCCA)、评估及设计优化,将贯通道的全寿命周期成本降低到了相对可控范围内,证明了分析流程和方法切实可行。研究成果对轨道车辆企业进行全寿命周期成本量化分析具有一定的参考价值。     

车联网环境下多阶段路径诱导系统设计

由于交通路网中车流量分布的不均匀,导致各路段交通压力不同,为了均衡交通压力,设计了一种车联网条件下多阶段路径诱导系统,通过车联网获取车辆信息,收集、整理、分析后,得出路网车辆交通压力分布,通过算法优化,确定车辆路径诱导方案,实现车辆的多阶段路径诱导.     

复杂产品供应链质量控制方案递阶决策模型

提出一类供应链质量控制方案递阶决策模型,辅助复杂产品主制造商更好地推广和落实质量控制方案,以实现供应链整体质量的最优改善.首先搭建了一类新型的供应链质量屋分析平台,并将其表征为多目标规划模型,确定最优方案组合;然后,基于复杂产品供应链多层级结构设计质量屋网络,以控制资源为纽带构建多级多目标递阶决策模型,实现了质量控制方案的继承和衔接;最后,针对某型号商用飞机供应链开展案例研究,验证了所提出模型和方法的可行性和有效性.     

移动视频车辆监控系统的设计与实现

为了传输目标定位和视频等宽带数据,提出了一种基于GPS/TD-SCDMA的车辆监控系统设计方法。分析了新一代无线车辆监控系统的新需求,在此基础上确定了系统总体组成框架、工作流程图、数据传输协议,并对车载移动监控终端的硬件进行了选型设计,给出了系统各组成部件的软件实现方式,为了避开国际专利陷阱,视频编解码方案选用具有我国独立知识产权的AVS标准。对搭建的原型试验系统进行测试,结果表明,该系统能提供高分辨率动态视频监控,并能进行精确车辆定位。     

基于AR技术的弹射救生模拟训练系统

为满足弹射救生装置教学训练的需求,利用增强现实技术构建了弹射救生模拟训练装置.通过分析弹射救生装置的工作过程,确定了模拟训练装置的工作需求,并以此为基础搭建了硬件平台,设计了弹射救生模拟训练软件工作流程,以还原弹射救生系统的工作过程.为解决视景驱动和载荷感知等技术难题,分析了弹射过程中弹射上升、弹射离机阶段的视景特点和...     

车辆维修管理信息系统的设计与开发

结合车辆维修管理的现状,通过具体案例分析了车辆维修流程、质量控制、器材管理、人员培训、资料管理等贯穿于车辆维修过程的各个环节,提出了车辆维修管理信息系统的体系结构及实现方案,利用Power Builder开发工具,SQL Anywhere数据库,实现了车辆维修管理信息系统的设计与开发。     

基于模型的系统工程在通用质量特性评估验证中的应用研究

基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)及其应用是近年来的研究热点。分析了MBSE的基本理论及其在试飞阶段通用质量特性评估验证流程优化过程的应用需求，从MBSE的通用质量特性评估验证设计目标、设计内涵、设计要素、模型、工作项目及内容等方面，对MBSE在试飞阶段通用质量特性评估验证流程的优化中的应用进行阐述。结果表明，该方法合理可行，可用于试飞阶段通用质量特性评估验证流程设计和优化。     

基于机载设备的电源处理流程设计

机载设备对电源系统设计提出了很高的要求,本文通过分析机载高压直流电源供电特性和系统电源需求,设计了系统电源处理流程。从总体的角度出发,采用分布式布局、一体化设计的供电方案,以电源品质和电磁兼容性设计为重点,为电源系统各阶段设计提供可选方案。实际工程应用结果表明,采用流程设计方法能确保合理的设计理念在各个阶段得以实施,保证系统性能并有效缩减研制成本和研制周期。     

基于GIS的公交运营仿真系统的设计与实现

本文针对公交公司对公交车辆行车方案进行直观观测的实际需求,结合MapInfo和MapX-treme地图信息软件,从电子地图、数据库和仿真流程三个方面出发,设计并实现了一个基于GIS的公交运营仿真系统。最后,以武汉公交536线路为例,给出了系统对该线路上的车辆行车方案的仿真效果,并对仿真结果进行了简要分析。     

基于虚拟仪器的车辆零部件应力测试及疲劳强度分析系统

通过对试验测试、计算机仿真以及试验与计算机仿真混合模拟的方法比较分析确定动应力时间历程的选择,利用多数据采集卡的协同工作实现多通道数据采集,以虚拟仪器为基础,LabVIEW软件为开发平台,结合NI的硬件实现了动应力信号数据采集分析,利用LabVIEW的振动疲劳分析包FatigueStartUpKit,搭建了基于虚拟仪器的轨道车辆零部件动应力测试及疲劳强度分析系统,为轨道车辆零部件的相关试验测试提供便捷、准确、可靠的测量方法。     

Fuzzy group decision-making for multi-format and multi-granularity linguistic judgments in quality function deployment

As a customer-driven tool, quality function deployment (QFD) is widely used in product planning or improvement to achieve higher product performance and customer satisfaction. QFD uses a matrix called the house of quality (HoQ) to translate customer requirements (CRs) into engineering characteristics (ECs). Constructing the HoQ, which includes determining the importance weights of CRs, the correlation matrix among ECs and the relationship matrix between CRs and ECs, is an important issue in the application of QFD. However, decision-makers (DMs) participating the construction of HoQ tend to give their individual judgments in multi-format or multi-granularity depending on their different knowledge, experience, culture and circumstance. Furthermore, these judgments are more difficult to assess with the precise quantitative forms due to the vagueness and uncertainty existed in the early stage of new product development. In this paper, a group decision-making approach incorporating with two optimization models (i.e. logarithmic least squares model and weighted least squares model) is proposed to aggregate these multi-format and multi-granularity linguistic judgments. Fuzzy set theory is utilized to address the uncertainty in the decision-making process. The proposed method is illustrated with a real-world case of horizontal directional drilling machine. The application indicates that the group decision-making method may be a promising tool for constructing the HoQ.     

Design of a feature-based order acceptance and scheduling module in an ERP system

Customer-oriented manufacturing competes on timely responses to customer requirements, and precise scheduling control for delivery. This challenge demands engineering design and production planning to be fully integrated via advanced enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. This paper proposes a generic feature association method and a detailed framework that can unify product and process models in order to satisfy customer orders with small batch sizes and high variations. A conceptual solution is introduced by integrating two traditionally separate feature domains: design configuration features and manufacturing process features. To achieve the proposed method, a customer feature class is suggested for the characterization of customers’ profiles related to the manufacturer. An instantiated customer feature object functionally tracks each customer’s selection of product configurations related to its requirements, specific orders, and production schedules with dynamic associations to the live manufacturing capacity. With the new associative integration method, a preliminary order acceptance system (OAS) prototype system has been implemented within an ERP order management system and its conceptual structure model is demonstrated within a multi-facet feature framework.     

An integrated QFD framework with multiple formatted and incomplete preferences: A sustainable supply chain application

Merging sustainable development with the business, and taking goals into account from its three dimensions (i.e., economic, environmental and social) which are derived from customer and stakeholder requirements have been a potential source of competitive differentiation for firms. Academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chain (SSC) management has also risen considerably in recent years. This paper examines the components and elements of SSC management and how they serve as a foundation for an evaluation framework. By using quality function deployment (QFD) as a product/system planning and improvement tool, an effective SSC structure can be obtained. QFD uses a matrix called the “House of Quality” (HoQ), and constructing the HoQ is a critical step in the application of QFD as it translates customer requirements into engineering characteristics. However, participants of HoQ construction sessions tend to provide information about their individual judgments in multiple formats such as numerically or linguistically depending on their different knowledge, experience, culture and circumstance. Furthermore, they can generate incomplete preferences which are challenging to assess in a consistent way. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply an extended QFD methodology in SSC by introducing a new group decision making (GDM) approach that takes multiple preference formats and incomplete information into account and fusions different formats of expressions into one uniform group decision by means of the fuzzy set theory. To assess the validity of the proposed approach, a case study conducted at HAVI Logistics-Turkey is also presented in the paper.     

动态车辆调度系统设计与开发

针对市内货物配送和收集这一典型的VRPB问题,在Dijstra算法结合A*算法计算距离矩阵的基础上,以混合禁忌搜索算法为理论基础进行静态调度求解,并以局部调整策略实现VRPB的动态调度计算。开发基于GPS/GIS/GPRS技术的动态车辆调度系统。该系统能监测新增的客户发货需求,实时跟踪车辆位置,以这些参数为输入动态地优化车辆行驶路径,并通过GPRS将调度结果快速准确地传送给车辆。     

An integrated approach for rating engineering characteristics’ final importance in product-service system development

Product-service system (PSS) approach has emerged as a competitive strategy to impel manufacturers to offer a set of product and services as a whole. A three-domain PSS conceptual design framework based on quality function deployment (QFD) is proposed in this research. QFD is a widely used design tool considering customer requirements (CRs). Since both product and services influence satisfaction of customer, they should be designed simultaneously. Identification of the critical parameters in these domains plays an important role. Engineering characteristics (ECs) in the functional domain include product-related ECs (P-ECs) and service-related ECs (S-ECs). ECs are identified by translating customer requirements (CRs) in the customer domain. Rating ECs’ importance has a great impact on achieving an optimal PSS planning. The rating problem should consider not only the requirements of customer, but also the requirements of manufacturer. From the requirements of customer, the analytic network process (ANP) approach is integrated in QFD to determine the initial importance weights of ECs considering the complex dependency relationships between and within CRs, P-ECs and S-ECs. In order to deal with the vagueness, uncertainty and diversity in decision-making, the fuzzy set theory and group decision-making technique are used in the super-matrix approach of ANP. From the requirements of manufacturer, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is applied to adjust the initial weights of ECs taking into account business competition and implementation difficulty. A case study is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed integrated approach for prioritizing ECs in PSS conceptual design.     

Vehicle routing scheduling for cross-docking in the supply chain

One of the most important factors in implementing supply chain management is to efficiently control the physical flow of the supply chain. Due to its importance, many companies are trying to develop efficient methods to increase customer satisfaction and reduce costs. In various methods, cross-docking is considered a good method to reduce inventory and improve responsiveness to various customer demands. However, previous studies have dealt mostly with the conceptual advantages of cross-docking or actual issues from the strategic viewpoint. It is also necessary, however, to considering cross-docking from an operational viewpoint in order to find the optimal vehicle routing schedule. Thus, an integrated model considering both cross-docking and vehicle routing scheduling is treated in this study. Since this problem is known as NP-hard, a heuristic algorithm based on a tabu search algorithm is proposed. In the numerical example, our proposed algorithm found a good solution whose average percentage error was less than 5% within a reasonable amount of time.     

Conceptual modeling of natural language functional requirements

Requirements analysts consider a conceptual model to be an important artifact created during the requirements analysis phase of a software development life cycle (SDLC). A conceptual, or domain model is a visual model of the requirements domain in focus. Owing to its visual nature, the model serves as a platform for the deliberation of requirements by stakeholders and enables requirements analysts to further refine the functional requirements. Conceptual models may evolve into class diagrams during the design and execution phases of the software project. Even a partially automated conceptual model can save significant time during the requirements phase, by quickening the process of graphical communication and visualization.This paper presents a system to create a conceptual model from functional specifications, written in natural language in an automated manner. Classes and relationships are automatically identified from the functional specifications. This identification is based on the analysis of the grammatical constructs of sentences, and on Object Oriented principles of design. Extended entity-relationship (EER) notations are incorporated into the class relationships. Optimizations are applied to the identified entities during a post-processing stage, and the final conceptual model is rendered.The use of typed dependencies, combined with rules to derive class relationships offers a granular approach to the extraction of the design elements in the model. The paper illustrates the model creation process using a standard case study, and concludes with an evaluation of the usefulness of this approach for the requirements analysis. The analysis is conducted against both standard published models and conceptual models created by humans, for various evaluation parameters.     

电子商务中有时间窗物流配送路径优化研究

电子商务物流企业面临的是多批次、小批量、时间要求高、需求个性化的现代化市场,为了提高模型的适用性和通用性,将传统车辆调度模型进行修改,将目标函数改为基于费用最小,在约束条件中增加最大工作时间、多类车型、车辆载重量限制和最大行驶距离。由于有时间窗的车辆调度问题是NP难问题,采用改进两阶段算法进行求解。即第一阶段用K-means将客户群分成若干区域;第二个阶段对各个分组内客户点,就是一个个单独TSPTW模型的线路优化问题,采用混合遗传算法进行优化求解,最后,结合具体实例,证明该改进算法的良好性能。     

电子商务下多约束有时间窗车辆问题优化研究

传统的基于行车路线最短的车辆调度优化模型难以满足电子商务物流配送实际需要,导致实际配送成本居高不下;或是过于强调线路最短,而难以按照客户的要求准时送货,失去市场竞争力。将传统车辆调度模型进行修改,以提高模型的适用性和通用性。由于车辆调度问题是NP难问题,采用改进遗传算法进行优化求解,结合具体实例,通过实验计算证明了该改进算法的良好性能。     

Train service timetabling in railway open markets by particle swarm optimisation

Railway timetabling is an important process in train service provision as it matches the transportation demand with the infrastructure capacity while customer satisfaction is also considered. It is a multi-objective optimisation problem, in which a feasible solution, rather than the optimal one, is usually taken in practice because of the time constraint. The quality of services may suffer as a result. In a railway open market, timetabling usually involves rounds of negotiations amongst a number of self-interested and independent stakeholders and hence additional objectives and constraints are imposed on the timetabling problem. While the requirements of all stakeholders are taken into consideration simultaneously, the computation demand is inevitably immense. Intelligent solution-searching techniques provide a possible solution. This paper attempts to employ a particle swarm optimisation (PSO) approach to devise a railway timetable in an open market. The suitability and performance of PSO are studied on a multi-agent-based railway open-market negotiation simulation platform.