模态试验中柔性支承特性的识别及其对试验结果影响的修正

对模态试验中采用的柔性支承的特征识别和支承对模态参数影响修正方法作了研究。     

Nonlinear transient response analysis for double walls with a porous material supported by nonlinear springs using FEM and MSKE method

In this paper, we newly propose a fast computation method for the nonlinear transient responses including coupling between nonlinear springs and sound proof structures having porous materials using FEM. In this method, we extend our numerical method named as Modal Strain and Kinetic Method (i.e. MSKE method proposed previously by Yamaguchi who is one of the authors) from linear damping analysis to nonlinear dynamic analysis. We assume that the restoring force of the spring has cubic nonlinearity and linear hysteresis damping. To calculate damping properties for soundproof structures including elastic body, viscoelastic body and porous body, displacement vectors as common unknown variable are solved under coupled condition. The damped sound fields in the porous materials are defined by complex effective density and complex bulk modulus. The discrete equations in physical coordinate for this system are transformed into nonlinear ordinary coupled differential equations using normal coordinates corresponding to linear natural modes. Further, using MSKE method, modal damping can be derived approximately under coupled conditions between hysteresis damping of viscoelastic materials, damping of the springs and damping due to flow resistance in porous materials. The modal damping is used for the nonlinear differential equation to compute nonlinear transient responses.Moreover, using the proposed method, we demonstrate new vibration phenomena including nonlinear coupling between nonlinear springs and soundproof structures by use of a simplified model. As a typical numerical example of the soundproof structure, we adopt double walls with a porous material. The double walls are supported by nonlinear concentrated springs. We clarify influences of amplitude of the impact force on nonlinear transient responses. We focused on the vibration modes, which magnify the amplitudes of the double walls. In these modes, the internal air of the porous material played a role of a pneumatic spring. Under a very large impact force as a severe condition, there exist the complicated nonlinear couplings between these modes and the super harmonic components of the rigid modes of the whole structure with large deformations in the nonlinear springs.     

考虑转向架影响的重载货车车厢模态特性

为深入研究转向架对重载货车动力学特性的影响,以某空车工况的40t轴重矿石车为研究对象,在实车装配模型的基础上建立了整车及车厢的力学仿真模型,并应用有限元法对二者进行了模态分析。对实际车辆进行了模态实验研究,通过计算结果及实验结果的对比,从刚体振型及弹性体振型两个方面考察了转向架对重载货车车厢模态特性的影响。研究表明,转向架的质量、刚度及边界条件均会对模态计算结果产生影响,整车模型能更精确地描述实车的模态特性。     

基于模态理论的白车身静刚度计算方法

以线性系统的模态理论为基础,将简单矩形框架的弹性体模态与静刚度之间的关联性推广到白车身,推导出了具体的数学表达式,再以此为依据,通过有限元分析直接提取各阶弹性体模态参数,从而获取车身静刚度,改变了以往依靠柔度矩阵和大型试验来计算静刚度的方法。研究结果表明,模态理论方法和传统静力学方法所得到的静刚度相差在10%以内,说明白车身的整体静态柔度可以用模态柔度贡献量之和表达,且这种计算方法具有较高精度,能为低阶模态和刚度性能的目标设定提供参考。同时,各阶模态的柔度贡献量的大小可以作为低阶模态识别的重要依据。最后将有限元计算结果与白车身静刚度试验结果作对比,其误差控制在8%以内,其中由模态方法计算的扭转刚度误差低于3%,因此说明此次有限元分析是可靠的。     

新型运动车车身疲劳寿命分析研究

为提升自行研发的一款倒三轮运动车样机可靠性与疲劳寿命,利用模态分析和多体动力学分析方法,及疲劳寿命分析基本原理与方法,分析新型运动车车身结构与运动特性,得出此类运动车车身疲劳寿命分析的方法流程。采用模态分析法计算车身的应力历程信息,运用ADAMS/Car建立新型运动车刚弹耦合多体动力学模型,结合自编程序生成的路面谱,利用MSC/Fatigue分析预测新型运动车车身的疲劳寿命,获得车身疲劳寿命分析所需的激励载荷历程。优化车身结构,减轻车身的自重,为车身结构的设计提供参考,能够在产品设计的初期对产品寿命进行初步预测,缩短产品的开发周期,节省开发成本。     

刚柔耦合系统的振动主动控制

针对航天器是一种通过柔性关节连接浮动中心刚体和挠性附件(如卫星太阳帆板,空间机器人等)组成的刚柔耦合复杂系统,在调姿或者外部扰动带来振动时,将影响系统的稳定度和指向精度,基于模态理论,建立包括柔性关节和柔性链的刚柔耦合结构动力学模型并写成状态空间表达形式,且分析系统的能控性。提出采用复合正位反馈(Positive position feedback,PPF)和比例微分(Proportional derivative,PD)控制律抑制柔性结构振动,在理论上分析其稳定性和控制性能。设计并建立刚柔耦合结构试验平台,进行包括位置设定点及转动振动主动控制研究。试验比较研究结果验证提出方案能够快速地抑制振动。     

基于试验频响函数刚体特性参数的计算及其应用

试验频响函数(FRF)正越来越成功、广泛地应用于动态和振动系统的不同领域中。基于模态试验的频响函数,尤其是频响函数中的质量线与刚体特性参数的内在关系,提出了一种简便、易行且精确的进行刚体惯量特性参数的计算方法。进行了相关理论的推导,通过实际试验验证分析了该方法。对大型复杂的结构,采用该方法具有一定的优势。     

Robust modal vibration suppression of a flexible rotor

This study deals with active robust modal vibration control of rotor systems supported by magnetic bearings. The inherent divergent rigid body modes are suppressed by using a dual-level control approach. Finite element method is applied to formulate the rotor model. The Timoshenko beam theory, including the effects of shearing deformations and rotary inertia, is considered in this work. Because practical control systems are often limited by its sensing, hardware, and computation speed capabilities, the reduced order approach is often used for a control system design. This study applies the independent modal space control (IMSC) approach to extract the accurate lower modes from the complex rotor systems with the gyroscopic effect considered. In practice, it is extremely difficult to model the complete dynamic characteristics of a rotor system. The model may contain unmodelled dynamics and parameter changes, which can be viewed as uncertainties of a system. As opposed to the conventional control approach, which requires fixed and accurate system parameters, this study considers robust control approach to design a controller capable of tolerating external disturbance and model uncertainties. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is effective for vibration suppression when the system is subjected to impulsive or step loading, speed variation, and sudden loss of disk mass.     

Matrix of the covariance of covariance of acceleration responses for damage detection from ambient vibration measurements

A new matrix on the covariance of covariance is formed from the auto/cross-correlation function of acceleration responses of a structure under white noise ambient excitation. The components of the covariance matrix are proved to be function of the modal parameters (modal frequency, mode shape, and damping parameter) of the structure. Information from all the vibration modes of the structure limited by the sampling frequency contributes to these components. The formulated covariance matrix contains more information on the vibration modes of the structure that cannot be obtained by the general methods for extracting modal parameters. When the component of the covariance matrix is used for damage detection, it is found more sensitive to local stiffness reduction than the first few modal frequencies and mode shapes obtained from ambient excitation. A simply supported 31 bar plane truss structure is studied numerically where a multiple damage scenario with different noise levels is identified with satisfactory results.     

火箭仪器舱试验与计算模态相关性分析

针对火箭仪器舱,研究了计算模态和试验模态的相关性分析问题。首先介绍模态相关性分析的一般方法。针对仪器舱结构复杂和模态密集的特点,引入整体模态和局部模态的概念,并提出一种用模态应变能比值区分整体模态和局部模态的定量的方法。进而研究了模态向量减缩、误差定位和模型修改等问题。在此基础上,得到了较高的试验和计算模态相关性结果,验证了计算模型,并为进一步的仪器舱减振设计提供了依据。     

有限元法在机械结构模态分析中的应用

运用有限元法对机械结构进行模态分析可以求出结构的固有振动特性,获得避免共振现象产生的工作频率范围,同时提出改善结构模态特性的方法。文章运用有限元分析软件ANSYS分析了某机床床身的前8阶固有频率和振型,提出了适合加工的主轴转速范围和改善床身结构模态特性的方法。研究实例表明:有限元法具有简单、快速、直观的特点,是一种对机械结构进行模态分析的有效方法。     

大位移、变拓扑空间机构的动力分析

给出了一种大位移、变拓扑空间机构的动力分析方法。由物体相对坐标和有限元节点坐标描述系统的运动与变形，通过运动相容条件确定系统空间构形的连续性和唯一性，建立了变结构、刚柔多体系统动力学方程。并由算例表明了该方法的精度与效率     

电源车车厢骨架模态分析

为了研究电源车车厢骨架的动力学特性,首先,在如实反映车厢骨架力学特性的前提下,对车厢骨架进行了简化处理,利用CATIA软件建立车厢骨架的三维模型;然后,将模型导入ANSYS Workbench的Modal模块,得到前6阶振型图;最后,通过对前6阶模态分析表明,车厢骨架固有频率可有效避开外界主要激励源的频率范围,车厢骨架以弯曲振动为主,振幅较大部位主要集中在顶骨架,在顶骨架与两侧骨架相交处发生扭转变形.通过对车厢骨架的模态分析,为车厢骨架的进一步优化提供了理论基础。     

HyperWorks在汽车白车身模态分析中的应用

以国产某小客车白车身为研究对象,利用HyperWorks软件,建立了以壳单元为主的白车身有限元模型,分析了影响白车身模态的主要因素。针对白车身的前8阶模态,将分析结果与模态试验进行了对比,结果误差可控制在10%以内。这为白车身的动力学响应分析提供了重要的模态参数,并为白车身结构的改进设计提供了理论基础。     

环境激励下高桩码头物理模型模态实验

建立高桩码头物理模型,进行环境激励下的模态实验研究.利用特征系统实现算法(eigensystem realizationalgorithm,简称ERA),结合自然激励技术(natural excitation technique,简称NExT),即NExT-ERA模态识别方法编写模态识别程序来识别物理模型的模态参数,并与有限元模型的计算结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明,物理模型实验值与有限元计算结果相比,二者数值接近,误差很小,说明NExT-ERA模态识别方法能够应用于环境激励下高桩码头的模态识别.环境载荷激励下结构的动力响应信号较弱,结构的高阶模态一般无法激出,某些数据识别出的模态参数存在“漏阶”现象,因此结合有限元模型进行分析非常必要.     

EVALUATION OF DAMPING NON-PROPORTIONALITY USING IDENTIFIED MODAL INFORMATION

This paper focuses on quantification of damping non-proportionality present in a discrete vibratory system. The study assumes that the information available is a set of identified system eigenvalues and eigenvectors and that the system parameters such as mass, stiffness, and damping matrices are unknown a priori. This set of modal parameters may be incomplete. The investigation is concentrated on how two existing analytical indices can be utilised when the modal damping matrix is not available. The quantification procedure starts with extraction of normal modes using a known algorithm. It is shown that two matrices, by-products of the normal model extraction, can be used to study damping non-proportionality. The first matrix is a scaled modal damping matrix. The paper shows that the indices developed from the scaled modal damping matrix preserves the properties of the indices based on the analytical modal damping matrix. The second matrix is a complex matrix which is obtained by expanding complex modes into the subspace of real modes. The off-diagonal elements of the complex matrix indicate coupling between modes due to damping non-proportionality. Based on this characteristic, three new indices are proposed. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the use of the new indices and to compare them with the indices that are described in literature.     

ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF A CAR BODY BASED ON EXPERIMENTALLY EVALUATED MODAL PARAMETERS

Active vibration control has been successfully tested for structures with simple geometry, such as beams and plates, by using modal controllers. Since the dynamical behaviour of a variety of mechanical structures can be expressed in terms of modal parameters, the application of modal control concepts can be extended to structures with more complex geometries. For such structures the evaluation of modal parameters from numerical calculations of local modes is complicated because the results strongly depend on proper boundary conditions of the truncated structure. Therefore, the modal data are identified by an experimental modal analysis. The transformation of the experimentally evaluated mode shapes into a closed analytical formulation and the extraction of modal input and output factors for sensors and actuators connect experimental modal analysis and modal control theory. The implementation of the input and output factors into a modal state-space formulation results in a modal filter for the point sensor array and a retransformation filter for the segmented actuator patches. In this study, PVDF foil is used for sensors and actuators. The modal controller is implemented on a digital controller board and experimental tests with the floor panel and centre panel of a car body are carried out to validate the proposed concept.     

Identification of modal parameters of unmeasured modes using multiple FRF modal analysis method

Current modal analysis methods seek to identify the modal parameters of some or all of the modes in the measured frequency range of interest. In many applications however, it will be very useful if modal parameters of some of the out-of-range modes can be identified during modal analysis. Such a goal is obviously theoretically possible since the raw measured frequency response functions (FRFs), upon which modal analysis is performed, do contain adequate information about the out-of-range modes in the form of residue contributions. In this paper, a new method for the estimation of modal parameters using multiple FRFs analysis is presented. In the process of modal identification, the proposed method not only presents accurate modal parameters of the modes which are present in the measurement frequency range, but also quite accurately identifies some of the modes which are not measured. The method calculates the required modal parameters by solving eigenvalue problem of an equivalent eigensystem derived from those measured FRF data. All measured FRFs are used simultaneously to construct the equivalent eigensystem matrices from which natural frequencies, damping loss factors and modeshape vectors of interest are solved. Since the identification problem is reduced to an eigenvalue problem of an equivalent system, natural frequencies and damping loss factors identified are consistent. Applications of the method to both numerically simulated and practically measured FRF data are given to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method and the results have shown the method is capable of accurately identifying modal parameters of out-of-range modes.     

汽车车身结构刚度与模态分析及结构改进方法研究

基于有限元分析方法,对车身结构的弯曲刚度、扭转刚度和低阶模态进行研究;建立某轿车的有限元模型,根据其刚度、模态分析结果和该车身的受力特点,通过调整关键结构件的厚度参数以及修改主要接头的连接关系和截面形状,成功地使车身刚度和模态性能达到设计要求.