种植北五味子和土壤中微量元素的测定

研究了土壤和种植北五味子果实中微量元素的含量差异。采用梅花形布点法采样,用ICP-MS测定土壤和果实中的微量元素含量。试验地土壤中含有丰富的微量元素,其含量大小依次为:CaKMgFeMnZnCu,所测北五味子果实中微量元素含量大小依次为:KMgCaFeMnZnCu。所测北五味子对土壤中微量元素的吸收具有选择性,北五味子中K含量明显高于土壤,Cu、Cr、Fe含量明显低于土壤,说明五味子对K有富积作用,对Cu、Cr、Fe无富积作用。     

张家界不同产地杜仲叶/皮中矿质元素含量的测定及比较

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了张家界不同产地杜仲叶及皮中Fe、zn、Cu、Mn、Mg、K、Ca等7种矿质元素的含量,结果表明杜仲叶及皮中各种矿质元素含量丰富,各元素含量的高低趋势在杜仲叶中大致为：Mg〉K〉Ca〉Zn〉Fe〉Mn≥Cu,在杜仲皮中大致为：Mg〉Ca〉K〉Fe〉Zn〉Mn≥Cu。K—S检验可以看出杜仲叶及皮中各矿质元素含量均服从正态分布,LSD检验可以得出张家界不同产地杜仲叶中Fe、Mn、Mg及杜仲皮中Fe、Mn、K元素的含量存在差异性显著。这一结果可以为不同产地杜仲叶／皮的药理活性及其品质的差异提供一定的理论依据。     

Bioactive indicators related to bioelements of eight unifloral honeys

Honey is the most popular bee product used by man, with nutritional and medicinal purposes. Its great diversity is attributed to numerous factors (bee type, visited flora, environment, and management). The quality of honey is controlled with routine parameters (free acidity, diastase activity, reducing sugars, ash, water, hydroxymethyfurfural, and sucrose contents). Besides the biochemical quality control, a functional profile is also important for pharmacological applications. In this work, bioactive indicators such as the antioxidant activity, flavonoid and polyphenol contents were evaluated by spectrophotometry, and correlated to the content of six bioelements (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn) measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, tandem FI-FAAS, in 14 unifloral Czech honeys. The antioxidant activity was 43.13 +/- 53.72 micromoles TEAC/100 g honey. The flavonoid content was 5.18 +/- 4.19 mg QE/100 g, and the polyphenol content was 45.38 +/- 27.20 mg GAE/100 g. Buckwheat honey showed the highest values for these indicators of bioactivity, the acacia honeys the lowest, and the rest of the honeys were comprised between both of them. Honey content of bioelements was 138.19 +/- 55.57 ppm Ca (min 77.11-max 261.65), 0.33 +/- 0.41 ppm Cu (min 0.00-max 1.37), 2.95 +/- 1.10 ppm Fe (min 1.34-max 5.36), 35.08 +/- 29.59 ppm Mg (min 8.76-128.06), 4.93 +/- 3.99 ppm Mn (min 0.34-max 11.31), 1.07 +/- 0.56 ppm Zn (min 0.49-max 2.52). The antioxidant activity of honey was significantly correlated to its content of cupper, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc, but was not correlated to calcium.     

原子吸收分光光度法测定野蜂蜜中微量金属元素含量

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了野蜂蜜中Fe、Cu、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn等微量金属元素的含量,建立了Fe、Cu、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn的标准工作曲线方程及其线性范围.该法简便易行,可连续测定多种微量金属元素的含量,效果较好.     

沙虫中营养元素和常规营养成分分析

应用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了沙虫中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ca等6种营养元素的含量,并对其中的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖和水分等常规营养成分进行了测定。结果表明,沙虫中含有丰富的Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn等微量元素,营养成分含量中,粗蛋白含量为24.35%,粗脂肪含量为2.23%,总糖含量为4.91%,水分含量为88.91%,粗蛋白质含量明显高于粗脂肪和总糖含量,属高蛋白、低脂、低糖型水产资源。     

男女头发中微量元素的分析比较研究

采用4∶1的硝酸与高氯酸的混酸体系作为消化液进行样品消解,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)测定了6名成年男女头发中微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ca和Mg的含量,发现被测头发样本中,Mg、Zn的含量普遍偏高,男头发中铁含量高于女的。     

红薯叶中微量元素含量的测定

用高压罐硝化法,以正交试验原理处理样品,利用ICP—AES法测定红薯叶与红薯中Mn、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、Sr、Se、K、Cu、Ge、P、S共12种微量元素的含量。方法回收率在95．33％-102．75％之间,相对标准偏差小于1．85％。ICP—AEs法具有灵敏度高、简单,快捷等优点,且多元素同时测定,更适合红薯叶勺红薯中金属与非金属元素的分析测定。试验证明,红薯叶与红薯一样富含Mn、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、Sr、Se、K、Cu、Ge、P、S等微量元素,说明红薯叶是一种既营养又绿色的蔬菜。     

雪里蕻微量元素含量的测定

用高压罐硝化法，以正交试验原理处理样品，利用ICP—AES法测定雪里蕻茎、叶中Mg、Zn、Fe、Ca、Se、K、Cu、Co、P、Mn共10种微量元素的含量。方法回收率在96．00％～103．25％之间，相对标准偏差小于1．66％。ICP—AES法具有灵敏度高、方便、快速等优点，且同时测定多种元素，更适合雪里蕻中非金属与金属元素的分析测定。实验证明，雪里蕻中含有Mg、Zn、Fe、Ca、Se等大量对人体有益的微量元素。同时比较了雪里蕻的茎及其叶中微量元素含量，为雪里蕻的开发提供理论参考。     

Thermodynamic study of the behaviour of minor coal elements and their affinities to sulphur during coal combustion

The behaviours of ten minor coal elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Si and Ti) during coal combustion in the temperature range 400–2000 K, under both oxidising and reducing conditions, have been studied in detail by a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis.

The partitioning of these elements is calculated both in single minor element–coal–chlorine systems and in minor elements co-existing systems. Their vaporisation tendency is found in the order: (Si, Al)<(Fe, Ti)<(Ca, Mn)<(K, Na, P, Mg). Si, Ti, Al and P are present mostly as oxides and K and Na as chlorides, whatever the combustion conditions. Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn and Na sulphates are dominant at low temperatures under oxidising conditions, whereas under reducing conditions most of them are sulphides and/or chlorides. Moreover, the interactions between these elements affect their major speciation: some species containing two elements among those studied are dominant in the minor elements co-existing systems. The affinities of minor coal elements to sulphur have been studied versus both temperature (400 or 800 K) and sulphur content (0.0062–6.20 wt.% in the coal), in order to find out their influence on the flue gas desulfurization. Two coal samples with different ash contents were considered, and it was found that the ash composition affects greatly the minor elements partitioning.     

鸡枞菌的矿质元素分析

采用湿法消解方法处理样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)检测云南野生鸡枞菌中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、P等元素的含量,结果表明:鸡枞菌中含有丰富的K、Fe、Cu、Mg、Zn、Ca、P等矿质元素,其中Mg、K、Zn、P、S元素在鸡枞菌的盖中含量均高于柄中含量,K、P和S元素在菌盖中的含量是柄中的2倍。ICP-AES检测各元素校正曲线的相关系数在0.998 3以上,各元素的检出限均小于0.1μg/m L,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.34~4.22%之间,回收率在93.60%~105.21%之间。     

Soil and crop management technologies for enhancing rice production under micronutrient constraints

Micronutrient deficiency is considered as one of the major causes of the declining productivity trends observed in ricegrowing countries. The submergence created for rice cultivation influences electrochemical and biochemical reactions, and alters pH, pCO2 and the concentration of certain ions. This environment increases the availability of Fe and Mn with concomitant decrease in Zn and Cu. It is well known that Zn deficiency is predominant in lowland ecosystems. Sodic and upland soils and calcareous coarse-textured soils with low organic matter content suffer from Fe deficiency, besides Zn and Cu deficiencies. Rice cultivars do not experience deficiency of B and Mo. The acid soils and the lowlying, poorly drained alluvial and colluvial soils are prone to Fe toxicity. Experiments in different agroecological zones all over India showed that Zn doses to correct Zn deficiency varied from 2.5 to 22 kg ha-1; 5.3 kg Zn ha-1 proved optimum and economical, with a maximum rice yield increase of 4.8 t ha-1. In the lowland ecosystem, amending the soil with the required amount of Zn before transplanting was effective and easy to adopt, compared with repeated foliar sprays of 0.5% ZnSO4 or use of Zn-enriched seedlings through seed soaking in 2–4% ZnSO4 solution, fertilizing the nursery with Zn, or seedling root dipping in 2% ZnO slurry. Hepta as well as monohydrated ZnSO4 were better than other sources of Zn (ZnO, ZnCl2 and Zn frits). The Zn-blended diammonium phosphate (Zn-DAP), superphosphate, and nitrophosphates also proved effective. The Zn-enriched organic manures (farmyard manure, green leaf manure, and coir pith compost) were found advantageous for the direct and residual crops. Zinc fertilization with an optimal dose of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 once a year yielded high economic return. A differential response of rice up to a maximum increase in yield of 4.8 t ha-1 was observed with the foliar spray (1–2% FeSO4 solution) or soil incorporation of Fe (50 kg FeSO4 ha-1) with bulky organic manure (12.5 t ha-1). The application of 12.5 kg CuSO4 ha-1 ameliorated Cu deficiency and significantly enhanced rice production. Management strategies such as liming and additional multinutrient supply (P. K, Mg, Zn, Cu, and B), besides improving drainage, enhanced the rice productivity of soils prone to Fe toxicity by correcting the multinutrient deficiency syndrome.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定当归及其炮制品中的金属元素

测定经不同加工炮制后当归饮片中Fe、Cu、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb 9种金属元素的含量,并进行比较,分析加工炮制方法对元素含量的影响.采用火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定当归生品、清炒当归、当归炭中金属元素的含量.当归清炒后除Cu、Mg和Ca的含量减少外,其余元素含量均增加.当归炭炒后除Cu、Mg和Pb的含量减少外,其余元素含量均有不同程度的增加.不同炮制方法会引起当归金属元素含量产生变化,这为进一步研究当归的炮制机理提供参考数据.     

Boron uptake and toxicity in wheat in relation to zinc supply

Zinc deficiency may enhance B absorption and transport to such an extent that B may possibly accumulate to toxic levels in plant tops. Therefore, a screen house experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of B levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg B kg^–1 soil) as influenced by Zn levels (0, 10 and 20 mg Zn kg^–1 soil) on DM yield of wheat tops and tissue concentration and uptake of B, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg, K and P. Application of B decreased the dry matter yield of wheat significantly at all levels of Zn. Conversely, increasing levels of Zn increased the wheat yield significantly. The application of B increased the tissue concentration and uptake of B by wheat plants more in the absence than in the presence of Zn application. Consequently, concentration of B in wheat plants decreased with increasing levels of Zn application to the soil. This decrease in tissue B concentration was not only due to increased growth of wheat plants. Zinc application appears to have created a protective mechanism in the root cell environment against excessive uptake of B, as evidenced by the reduction of B uptake in Zn treated plants. The uptake of Mn, Mg and P decreased while the uptake of Cu, Fe, and K by wheat plants increased with Zn application. Whereas, the uptake of all nutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, K and P) decreased significantly with the application of B. However, this depressive effect of B on nutrient uptake was less marked in the presence of applied Zn.     

Mineral elements in mate herb (Ilex paraguariensis St. H.)]

The importance of the research works on mate rests on the fact that this is greatly consumed in many South American countries. Our interest in this subject has increased because, in Europe, it use as an infusion seems to be increasing. The Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry techniques. Prior to this, samples were incinerated and dissolved in an acid mixture (HCl/HNO3). Results apparently show a high content of mineral elements, especially K. Mg and Mn, in mate, findings which we consider to be of great relevance.     

微波消解ICP-AES检测蜂胶中常微量元素

用微波消解法对同一地域不同时期的蜂胶进行消化,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）检测蜂胶中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、P等九种元素的含量,并优化微波处理样品条件。分析结果表明蜂胶制品中富含多种常微量元素,不同时期蜂胶中常微量元素含量相差不大。     

中低温煤焦油蒸馏过程中金属元素的迁移规律

以中低温煤焦油轻油和重油为实验原料,采用常压蒸馏获得170~200℃、200~240℃、240~270℃、270~300℃、300~320℃、320~340℃、340~360℃和360~390℃煤焦油馏分油;利用配有油品加氧制冷进样系统的ICP-OES测定了21种微量元素在馏分油中的含量,考察了不同馏分油中元素的分布情况。研究表明：在原煤焦油中,未发现Ag、Mg、Mo、Na、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量较高的元素有Sn、P、Al、Pb、Si,其中Sn元素在轻油和重油中的含量分别为11.78μg/g和14.04μg/g;在所有馏分油中,未发现Al、Mo、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量比较高的元素有Si、Sn、Na、Zn、Pb,特别是Si、Na、Sn、Zn、Ni、Pb及B元素可以有效富集于馏分油中。可能的原因是Ca、Fe、Mg、Al等金属以不同的盐类形态存在,在煤焦油脱水及<170℃蒸馏过程中,这些金属盐类会被部分带出,导致其在馏分油中的含量未富集或未检出;通过关联金属元素在馏分油中的分布与其组成的关系,馏分油中元素的分布可能与酚类化合物、杂环化合物和蒸馏温度等相关。酚类化合物及杂环化合物可能与Ag、B、Cu、Mo、Sn、Na、Zn、Ca、Pb等金属形成络合物或卟啉配合物,蒸馏温度一方面可以破坏Sn、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ca、Pb等元素在馏分油中的结合力,另一方面也可以促进这些元素与馏分油中的含氧、含氮等化合物更好地发生化合反应,进而影响金属元素在馏分油中的含量分布。     

The uptake and distribution of mineral nutrients in the banana in response to supply of K,Mg and Mn

The effects of differential K, Mg and Mn supply on the uptake and distribution of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Cu and Zn in the Williams banana were examined over the three crop cycles. Plants were grown in sand culture in 1 m³ drainage lysimeters.In terms of total plant uptake the standard solutions used were balanced in respect of P, K and Ca, possibly low in Mg and high in Mn, Cu and Zn compared with field grown plants. K and Mg supply influenced total plant uptake of most elements similar to the way they influenced dry matter production. Exception were total plant uptake of Mg and Cu. High Mn supply depressed the uptake of Mg and Cu and increased the uptake of Mn sevenfold.Increase in K supply reduced the proportion of all nutrients, except K, retained in the roots and increased the proportion located in the fruit. A large proportion (20–36%) of N, P and K were located in the fruit, Ca, Mg and Mn accumulated in the trash (29–44%) and roots were high in Na, Cu and Zn (29–50%).     

Relationship between soil physical and chemical characteristics and ear-leaf concentration of P,K, Mg,Zn, Fe,Cu, Mn and relative yield of maize in soils derived from sedimentary rocks of South-Western Nigeria

In a four-season field experiment conducted in 18 locations covering two different ecological zones of the sedimentary forest soils of South-Western Nigeria, relationships were established by simple correlation between the ear-leaf content of P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, relative yield of maize (RY), soil physical characteristics and soil nutrient status. Soil pH was strongly related to the relative yield, soil clay, available P, exchangeable Ca, K, Zn, and Mn in soils, P and Cu concentration in the ear-leaf.Organic matter did not appear to play a very significant role in nutrient supply or relate to nutrient element concentration in the ear-leaf and relative yield in soils that are relatively low in soil organic matter.Nitrogen was not determined. Phosphorus among all the elements determined seemed to have a high significant effect on Ca, K, Zn, Mn and RY. However, the effect on RY was negative. Manganese in both soil and ear-leaf had the highest negative significant relationship with yield in the zone.The multiple regression analysis indicated a relationship meaning that the soil physical and chemical properties and ear-leaf content of the elements P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn are important to maize cultivation in this zone. Hence consideration of a combination of soils and plant factors are essential before meaningful fertilizer recommendation can be made for maize in the zone under study.     

杨桃花中的氨基酸和微量元素的测定与分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪和火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了杨桃花中的17种氨基酸和6中微量元素.结果表明,氨基酸含量为14.88%,其中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值为36.56%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为57.63%.杨桃花中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ca 6种微量元素含量分别是7.03,37.78,435.78,90....     

Characterization of Carnauba Wax Inorganic Content

In this work the analysis of inorganic elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn) in different types of carnauba waxes (types 1, 3 and 4) was implemented. The Box‐Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the digestion of the carnauba wax sample using a microwave‐assisted approach. The following parameters were evaluated: microwave power applied (600–1,000 W), time of microwave power application (5–20 min) and nitric acid volume (1–4 mL). The residual carbon content (%RCC) was measured by ICP OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) to evaluate the efficiency of the digestion. The %RCC values in all of the experiments were below 16 %. The best conditions for carnauba wax digestion were found: 800 W applied power for 15 min using 2.5 mL of HNO₃. In these conditions the %RCC was lower than 4 %. The amounts of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in these samples were determined by ICP OES. The average contents of Al, Ca, Fe and K found in the carnauba wax type 1 were 28.6 ± 1.5, 33.8 ± 2.8, 18.5 ± 1.1 and 37.2 ± 2.5 mg kg^?1, respectively. For carnauba wax types 3 and 4 larger amounts were found. The principal components analysis (PCA) showed three groups of carnauba wax with the first two principal components.